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Even Even = Even

Even Odd = Odd

Odd Odd = Even

Even Anything = Even

Odd Odd = Odd

The integer zero (0) is an even number.

A number is
divisible by...

if...

it is even or the ones digit is 0, 2, 4, 6, 8.

the sum of the digits is divisible by 3.

the number taken from the last two digits is

divisible by 4 or it is divisible by 2 twice.

the ones digit is 0 or 5.

it is even and divisible by 3.

the sum of its digit is divisible by 9.

Multiplying Fractions
1. Cross cancel any common factors from the denominators and
the numerators.
2. Multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators.
1 1
3
11
1
Ex: 5--- ----- = ------------ = --6 10
22
4
2 2
Dividing Fractions
To divide any number by a fraction, multiply the number the
reciprocal of the divisor fraction.
3 2
3 7
37
21
Ex: --- --- = --- --- = ------------ = -----5 7
5 2
52
10
Multiplying/Dividing Fractions with Decimals
Convert decimals into fractions, and then calculate.
1
3
1 1
3
33
2 5
1
2
33
2
Ex: 0.33 ------ 0.6 = --------- ------ --- = --------- ----- --- = -----100 11 3
10
11
100 11 5
1
20 1
10

A prime number is a positive integer which has exactly two

distinct divisors: 1 and itself. That means, by definition, 1 is not a
prime number. 2 is the smallest and the only even prime number.
Prime numbers less than 20: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19

Simplifying Radicals
Move square factors out of the radical until no square factor is
left.
Ex: 800 = 8 100 = 8 100 = 10 8 = 10 4 2

PEMDAS
1. Parentheses.
2. Exponents.
3. Multiplication and Division from left to right.
4. Addition and Subtraction from left to right.

Similar to simplifying fractions, simplify the radicals first when

working with them on the SAT.

= 10 4 2 = 10 2 2 = 20 2

Ex: 3 5 + 8 2 2 4 + 3
= 3 13 2 2 4 + 3
= 3 13 4 4 + 3
= 39 1 + 3 = 38 + 3 = 41

Simplifying Fractions
If a fraction is in its simplest form, then the numerator and the
denominator contain no common factor other than 1. Otherwise,
simplify the fraction by dividing both the numerator and the
denominator by the common factors until the only common
factor that is left is 1. When working with fractions on the SAT,
always simplify first.
18
9
3
Ex: ------ = ------ = -----60
30
10
Adding and Subtracting Fractions
1. Find the least common denominator (LCD) of the two
fractions.
2. Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions with the LCD as
the denominator.
3. Add or subtract the numerators.

Multiplying Radicals
Multiply the numbers under the radicals, then write the product
under a single radical.
Ex:

3 2 =

32 =

Dividing Radicals
Similar to multiplying radicals, divide the numbers under the
radicals. Write the quotient under a single radical.
42
Ex: ---------- =
30

42
------ =
30

7
--5

Rationalizing the Denominator

Multiply the numerator and the denominator by the radical in the
denominator.
2
1
1 2
2
Ex: ------- = -------------------- = --------- = ------2
2
2 2
22

3 5
33 52
9 10
9 + 10
19
Ex: --- + ------ = ------------ + --------------- = ------ + ------ = --------------- = -----8 12
8 3 12 2
24 24
24
24

x y 2 = x 2 2xy + y 2
Ex: 5 3 2 = 5 2 2 5 3 + 3 2 = 5 2 15 + 3
= 8 2 15
Difference of Squares
x + y x y = x2 y2
Ex: 3 5 3 + 5 = 3 2 5 2 = 9 5 = 4

FOIL Method
When multiplying binomials, expressions that contain exactly
two terms, apply the FOIL (First Outer Inner Last) method.
Ex: x + 1 2x + 3 = 2x 2 + 3x + 2x + 3 = 2x 2 + 5x + 3
Perfect Squares
x + y 2 = x 2 + 2xy + y 2
Ex: 5x + 2y 2 = 5x 2 + 2 5x 2y + 2y 2
= 25x 2 + 20xy + 4y 2

SAT is a registered trademark of the College Board, which neither sponsors nor endorses this product.

The absolute value of x , denoted by x , is the distance of x from

0. It is always nonnegative. Formally,

Ex:

x if x 0
x =
x if x 0
2 8 = 6 = 6

If x = y , then x = y or x = y .
Ex: Solve for x .
3x + 1 = 5
3x + 1 = 5 or 3x + 1 = 5
4
x = --- or x = 2
3

Solving by Substitution
1. From any of the two equations, write y in terms of x .
2. Plug the expression for y into the other equation.
3. Solve for x in the new one-variable linear equation.
4. Compute y by plugging the value of x into the expression
found in step 2.
For what value of x and y are the following equations both true?
Ex: x + y = 3
x y = 1

1
2

Using equation (1) to write y in terms of x gives y = 3 x .

Plugging into equation (2) gives x 3 x = 1. Solving x
yields x = 2 . Plugging in the expression for y gives y = 1 .
Solving by Adding or Subtracting Equations
The goal is to form a new one-variable equation by adding or
subtracting the two original equations.
- If the coefficients of a variable are the same in the two
equations, subtract the two equations.
- If the coefficients of a variable are of different signs in the two
equations, add the two equations.
- Otherwise, match the coefficients of one variable in both
equations by multiplying the proper factors, then add or
subtract the two equations.
The new equation will only involve one variable. Solve it. Plug
the solution back into any one of the original equations to solve
for the other variable.

Equations
Distance = Rate Time
Time = Distance
--------------------Rate
Distance
Rate = --------------------Time

Work = Work Rate Time

Work Time = ------------------------Work Rate
Work
Work Rate = ------------Time

Ex: A bus traveling at an average rate of x miles per hour made

the trip to the city in 8 hours. If it had traveled at an average
rate of 3/4 x miles per hour, how many more hours would it
have taken to make the same trip?
Let D denote the distance of the trip, then D = Rate Time = 8x
Let T 2 denote the time it takes the bus to travel the same trip at an
average rate of 3/4 x miles per hour.
Distance
8x
32
T 2 = --------------------- = ------ = -----Rate
3
3
--- x
4
Taking the difference yields T 2 8 = 32
------ 8 = 8
--- .
3
3

Rough Directions of the Slopes

m0

m0

m = 0

m undefined

Distance and Midpoint Formulas

y
P

The coordinates of P and Q are

x 1 y 1 and x 2 y 2 respectively.
The distance between P and Q is:
PQ = x 2 x 1 2 + y 2 y 1 2
x If R is the midpoint of line
segment PQ, then Rs coordinates
x 1 + x 2 y 1 + y 2
are --------------- ---------------- .
2
2

y-axis
Quadrant II

The line x = 0 lies on the

y -axis. The line y = 0 lies
on the x -axis.

Quadrant I
a b
Origin

Quadrant III

x-axis

Quadrant IV

Equation of a Line
Equation: y = mx + b
where m is the slope and b is the y -intercept. We will be using
this representation throughout the coordinate section.

Vertical Angles
Vertical angles are the opposite angles formed by two
intersecting lines. Vertical angles have the same measure.

1
4

Complementary Angles
Two angles whose measures have a sum of
90 are called complementary angles.

In right triangle ABC , ACB and CAB

are complementary angles because
C
m ACB + m CAB = 180 90 = 90.

3
m 1 = m 3 m 2 = m 4

Supplementary Angles
Two angles whose measures sum to 180
are call supplementary angles, i.e. two
angles formed by a straight line.

Parallel Lines
Two lines that do not intersect or
meet are called parallel lines.

l
m

In the figure, lines l and m are parallel, written as l m . Angles

with the same name have the same measure. Also
+ = 180 .
Exterior & Remote Interior Angles of a Triangle

m 1 + m 2 = 180

The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle

is equal to the sum of the measures of the two
remote interior angles of the triangle.
m 1 = m 3 + m 4

3
1

Rectangle
Area = base height = bh
Perimeter = 2 base + height = 2 b + h

h
b

Parallelogram
Area = base height = bh

h
b
b1

Trapezoid
1
Area=(average base)height = --- b 1 + b 2 h
2

h
b2
h3

B
h1

Triangle
1
h 2 Area = --- base height
2
1- AB h = -1- BC h
C = --1- AC h = -1
2
3
2
2
2
Circle
Area = radius 2 = r 2
Perimeter = 2 radius = 2r

Rectangular Solid
Surface Area = 2 lw + lh + hw
Volume = Base area height = lwh

w
h

h
r

Arithmetic Mean/Average
The arithmetic mean of a list of n values is defined as the sum
of the n values divided by n .
The arithmetic mean of a list of n evenly spaced values is equal
to the sum of the smallest value and the largest value divided by
2.
Ex: The arithmetic mean of the set {3, 6, 9, 12, 15} is
3
+ 6 + 9 + 12 + 15- = 9
3 + 15
--------------------------------------------or --------------- = 9 .
5
2
Median
If a list of n values are ordered from least to greatest, the median
is defined as the middle value if n is odd and the sum of the two
middle values divided by 2 if n is even.
The median is equal to the arithmetic mean for a list of n evenly
spaced values.
+6
Ex: The median of the set {4, 1, 6, 9} is 4----------- = 5.
2
Mode
The mode of a list of values is the value or values that appear the
greatest number of times.
Ex: The mode of the set {5, 6, 1, 5, 6, 2, 6} is 6.
Multiple Modes
Ex: Consider the following list:
2, 3, 5, 2, 2, 6, 5, 5, 100, 12, 6, 3, 3
In the list above, there are three modes: 2, 3, and 5.
Range
The range of a list of values is defined as the greatest value
minus the least value.
Ex: The range of the set {2, 6, 4, 1, 5, 6, 3} is 6 1 = 5 .
You do NOT need to know the computation of standard
deviation for the SAT.

Cylinder
Surface Area = 2r 2 + 2rh
Volume = Base area height = r 2 h