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Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee: Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

The document is a mid-term examination for a Digital Communication Systems course. It contains 10 short answer questions covering various topics in digital communications including: 1) Calculating Nyquist sampling rates and time-division multiplexing rates 2) Determining minimum sampling rates based on signal bandwidths 3) Calculating theoretical bandwidth needs for pulse amplitude modulation schemes 4) Drawing Manchester encoded sequences from binary data streams 5) Defining relationships between quantization step size and noise 6) Designing pulse code modulation systems for transmitting multiple telemetry signals

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Dalam Maharshi
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80 views

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee: Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

The document is a mid-term examination for a Digital Communication Systems course. It contains 10 short answer questions covering various topics in digital communications including: 1) Calculating Nyquist sampling rates and time-division multiplexing rates 2) Determining minimum sampling rates based on signal bandwidths 3) Calculating theoretical bandwidth needs for pulse amplitude modulation schemes 4) Drawing Manchester encoded sequences from binary data streams 5) Defining relationships between quantization step size and noise 6) Designing pulse code modulation systems for transmitting multiple telemetry signals

Uploaded by

Dalam Maharshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EC 511

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE


DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Mid-term Examination, Autumn Semester, 2014-15
(Time Allowed: 1.5 hours)

NOTE: Answer any four questions including Question 1, which is compulsory.

Total Marks - 100

1. Provide short answers : (All questions carry equal marks)

(40 marks)

(a) Determine the Nyquist sampling rate for the signal: sinc(100t) + 3 sinc2 (60t)
(b) Twenty-four voice signals are sampled uniformly and then time-division multiplexed. The sampling
operation uses flat-top samples with 1 s duration. The multiplexing operation includes provision for
synchronization by adding an extra pulse of 1 s duration. The highest frequency component of each
voice signal is 3.4 kHz. Assuming a sampling rate of 8 kHz, calculate the spacing between successive
pulses of the multiplexed signal.
(c) Consider a signal having upper and lower cut-off frequencies as 120 kHz and 70 kHz respectively. Find
out the minimum sampling rate for the signal.
(d) What is the theoretical minimum system bandwidth needed for a 10 Mb/s signal using 16-level pulseamplitude modulation (PAM) without intersymbol interference?
(e) Given the data stream 1110010100, sketch the transmitted sequence of pulses for the Manchester code.
(f) What is the relationship between step size and quantization noise produced by a uniform quantizer?
Define mathematically the loading factor of a quantizer.
(g) Five telemetry signals, each of bandwidth 1 kHz, are to be transmitted simultaneously by binary
pulse-code modulation (PCM). The maximum tolerable error in sample amplitudes is 0.2% of the peak
signal amplitude. The signals must be sampled at least 20% above the Nyquist rate. Framing and
synchronizing requires an additional 0.5% extra bits. Determine the minimum possible data rate for
transmission.
(h) Define stuffing rate for a multiplexer. What are the different types of control bits used in the AT&T
M12 multiplexer.
(i) Define the processing gain produced by the differential quantization scheme in a differential pulse-code
modulation (DPCM) system. List three disadvantages of using adaptive quantization with forward
estimation in the adaptive DPCM system.
(j)

(i) List the basic functions performed by the regenerative repeaters.


(ii) How noise shaping is accomplished in adaptive sub-band coding?

2. (a) Write the mathematical expressions for A-law and -law expander characteristics.

(5 marks)

(b) Consider the -law compression characteristic. Assume = 255. The full scale range of the input is
1 volt and 256 quantization levels are used.
(i) What is the minimum and maximum effective separation between partition levels?
(ii) If no compression is used, what is the interval between partition levels?

(8 marks)
(7 marks)

EC 511

3. Four signals have been time-multiplexed for a PAM telemetry system. Signals s1 (t) and s2 (t) have bandwidths of 80 Hz each. The other two signals s3 (t) and s4 (t) have bandwidths of 1 kHz each. s3 (t) and s4 (t)
are each sampled at the rate of 2400 samples per second. The sampling rate for s1 (t) and s2 (t) is derived
by dividing the sampling rates of s3 (t) and s4 (t) by 2R .
(a) Find the maximum value of R.

(4 marks)

(b) Draw the signal format of the aforementioned multiplexer.

(6 marks)

(c) Using the value of R above, design a multiplexing system that first multiplexes s1 (t) and s2 (t) into a
new sequence s5 (t), and then multiplexes s3 (t), s4 (t) and s5 (t).
(10 marks)
4. (a) Draw the block diagram of the transmitter of a delta modulation (DM) system.

(5 marks)

(b) Define mathematically, under what condition a DM system can overcome slope over load distortion.
(3 marks)
(c) Draw the input-output characteristic of the quantizer used in the DM system.

(2 marks)

(d) Consider a DM system designed to operate at 4 times the Nyquist rate for a signal with a 4 kHz
bandwidth. The step size of the quantizer is 400 mV.
(i) Find the maximum amplitude of a 1 kHz input sinusoid for which the DM system does not show
slope overload distortion.
(5 marks)
(ii) Assuming that the bandwidth of the low pass filter is 4 kHz, find the post-filtered output signal
to quantization ratio.
(5 marks)
5. Consider the first-order linear predictor defined by x
[n] = h1 x[n 1] where x[n] is a stationary random
sequence with zero mean and h1 is the coefficient of first-order predictor filter. The variance of prediction
error is defined as d2 = E(x[n] x
[n])2 .
(a) Determine the optimal value of h1 that minimizes d2 .
(b) Calculate the minimum value of

d2 .

(c) Determine the optimal prediction gain.

(5 marks)
(5 marks)
(5 marks)

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