Scientia Magna

Vol. 8 (2013), No. 4, -

ON SOME CHARACTERIZATION OF
SMARANDACHE - BOOLEAN NEAR - RING
WITH SUB-DIRECT SUM STRUCTURE
Dr.N.Kannappa , Mrs.P.Tamilvani

TBML College, Porayar - 609307, Tamilnadu, India

E-mails: [email protected]

Abstract In this paper, we introduced Samarandache-2-algebraic structure of Boolean-nearring namely Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring. A Samarandache-2-algebraic structure on a set
N means a weak algebraic structure S1 on N such that there exist a proper subset M of
N, which is embedded with a stronger algebraic structure S2 , stronger algebraic structure
means satisfying more axioms, that is S1 << S2 , by proper subset one understands a subset
different from the empty set, from the unit element if any, from the whole set [3]. We define
Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring and obtain the some of its characterization through Booleanring with sub-direct sum structure. For basic concept of near-ring we refer to G.Pilz [11].
Keywords Boolean-ring, Boolean-near-ring, Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring, Compatibility,
Maximal set, Idempotent and uni-element.

1. Preliminaries
Definition 1.1. A (Left) near ring A is a system with two Binary operations, addition
and multiplication, such that
(i) the elements of A form a group (A, +) under addition,
(ii) the elements of A form a multiplicative semi-group,
(iii) x(y+z) = xy+xz, for all x, y and zA.
In particular, if A contains a multiplicative semi-group S whose elements generates (A, +) and
satisfy,
(iv) (x+y)s = xs+ys, for all x,yA and sS, then we say that A is a distributively generated
near-ring.
Definition 1.2. A near-ring (B, +,.) is Boolean-near-ring if there exists a Boolean-ring
(A,+, ,1) with identity such that . is defined interms of +, and 1, and for any bB, b.b=b.
Definition 1.3. A near-ring (B, +,.) is said to be idempotent if x2 =x, for all xB.
(ie) If (B, +,.) is an idempotent ring, then for all a,bB, a+a= 0 and a.b=b.a
Definition 1.4. Compatibility ab (ie) a is compatibility to b) if ab2 =a2 b.
Definition 1.5. Let A = (..., a,b,c,...) be a set of pairwise compatible elements of an
associate ring R. Let A be maximal in the sense that each element of A is compatible with

Dr.N.Kannappa , Mrs.P.Tamilvani

No. 4

every other element of A and no other such elements may be found in R. Then A is said to be
a maximal compatible set or a maximal set.
Definition 1.6.
If a sub-direct sum R of domains has an identity, and if R has the
property that with each element a, it contains also the associated idempotent a0 of a, then R
is called an associate subdirect sum or an associate ring.
Definition 1.7. If the maximal set A contains an element u which has the property that
a < u, for all aA, then u is called the uni-element of A.
Definition 1.8. Left zero divisors are right zero divisors, if ab=0 implies ba=0.
Now we have introduced a new definition by[3]
Definition 1.9. A Boolean- near- ring B is said to be Samarandache- Boolean- near
-ring whose proper subset A is a Boolean- ring with respect to same induced operation of B.
Theorem 1.1. A Boolean-near-ring (B, , ) is having the proper subset A , is a maximal
set with uni-element in an associate ring R, with identity under suitable definitions for (B,+,.)
with corresponding lattices (A,) (A, <) and
ab = a+b - 2a0 b = (ab) - (ab)
ab = ab = a0 b = ab0 .
Then B is a Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring.
Proof. Given (B, , ) is a Boolean-near- ring whose proper subset (A, , ) is a maximal
set with uni-element in an associate Ring R, and if the maximal set A is also a subset of B.
Now to prove that B is Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring. It is enough to prove that the
proper subset A of B is a Boolean-ring. Let a and b be two constants of A : If a is compatible
to b, we define ab as follows :
If ai = bi in the i-component, let (ab)i =0i
If ai 6= bi , then since ab precisely one of these is zero.
If ai =0, let (a b)i = bi 6=0;
If bi =0, let (ab)i = ai 6=0
It is seen that if ab belongs to the associate ring R, then ab < u, where u is the unielement of A, and therefore,abA
Consider ab = a+b-2a0 b
If in the i-component, 06=ai -bi , then since (a0 )i =1i =(bo )i ,
we have (a+b-2a0 b)i =0i and,
If 0i = ai = bi , then (a0 )i = 0 and (b0 )i =1, whence,
(a+b-2a0 b)i =bi
If ai 6= 0 and bi =0 then (a+b-2a0 b) = 0i
Therefore abA, the maximal set.
Similarly, the element ab = ab = a0 b = ab0 = glb(a,b) has defined and shown to belong to
A as the glb (a,b) Now let us show that (A, , ) is a Boolean - ring: Firstly, aa = 0, since
ai =ai in every i-component, whence (a a)i vanishes, by our definition of . Secondly aa =

Vol. 8

ON SOME CHARACTERIZATION OF SMARANDACHE - BOOLEAN NEAR - RING WITH

SUB-DIRECT SUM STRUCTURE

aa = a0 a=a, and so a is idempotent under . We shown that A is closed under is . And

associativity is a direct verification, and each element is itself inverse under .
To prove associativity under :
For a (b c) = a0 (b c)
= a0 (b0 c)
= a0 (bc0 )
= (a0 b) c0
= (a b)0 c= (a b) c
a(bc) = (ab)c, for all a, b, cR
For distributivity of over ,
Let c be an arbitrary in A
Now c(ab) = c0 (ab)
= c0 (ab)-c0 (ab)
= (c0 ac0 b)-c0 a0 b
= c0 a+c0 b - c0 a0 b-c0 a0 b
= c0 a+c0 b - 2c0 a0 b
= (ca) (cb)
c(ab) = (ca)(cb)
Hence (A , ) is a Boolean-ring.
It follows that the proper subset A, a maximal set of B forms a Boolean ring.
B is a Boolean-near-ring , whose proper subset is a Boolean-ring, Then by definition, B
is a Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring.
Theorem 1.2. A Boolean-near-ring (B, , ) is having the proper subset (A,+,,1) is
an associate ring in which the relation of compatibility is transitive for non-zero elements with
identity under suitable definitions for (B,+,.) with corresponding lattices (A,) (A, <) and
ab = a+b - 2a0 b = (ab) - (ab)
ab = ab = a0 b = ab0 .
Then B is a Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring.
Proof.
Assume that (B, +,.) be Boolean- near-ring having a proper subset A is an associate ring
in which the relation of compatibility is transitive for non-zero elements.
Now to prove that B is a Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring.
(ie) to prove that if the proper subset of B is a Boolean-ring, then by definition B is
Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring. we have 0 is compatible with all elements, whence all elements
are compatible with A and therefore, are idempotent.
Then assume that transitivity holds for compatibility of non-zero elements. It follows that
non-zero elements from two maximal sets cannot be compatible (much less equal), and hence,
except for the element 0, the maximal sets are disjoint.
Let a be a arbitrary, non-zero element of R. If a is a zero-divisor of R, then the idempotent
element A-a0 6=0.
Further A-a0 belongs to the maximal set generated by the non-zero divisor a0 =a+A-a0 ,

Dr.N.Kannappa , Mrs.P.Tamilvani

No. 4

since it is (A-a0 )a0 = (A-a0 ) (a+A-a0 )

= (A-a0 ) = (A-a0 )2
(ie) A-a0 < a0 . Since also a < a0 and aA - a0 Therefore, a is idempotent.
(ie) All the zero-divisors of R are idempotent which is a maximal set then by theorem 1 and
by definition A is a Boolean-ring. Then by definition, Therefore B is Smarandache-Booleannear-ring.
Theorem 1.3.
A Boolean-near-ring (B, , ) is having the proper subset A ,the set A of idempotent
elements of a ring R, with suitable definitions for and ,
ab = a+b - 2a0 b = (ab) - (ab)
ab = ab = a0 b = ab0 .
Then B is a Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring.
Proof.
Assume that the set A of idempotent elements of a ring R, which is also a subset of B.
Now to prove that B is a Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring. It is sufficient to prove that the set
A of idempotent elements of a ring R with identity forms a maximal set in R with uni-element.
By the definition of compatible, then we have every element of R is compatible with every
other idempotent element.
If aR is not idempotent then,
a2 .1 6= a.12 , since the definition of compatible. Hence no non-idempotent can belong to
this maximal set. Thus the set A is idempotent element of R with identity forms a maximal
set in R whose uni-element is the identity of R, by theorem 1 and by definition. A, a maximal
set of B forms a Boolean ring
Then by definition
It conclude that B is Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring.
Theorem 1.4.
A Boolean-near-ring (B,, ) is having the proper subset ,having a non-zero divisor of A,
as an associate ring. with suitable definitions for and ,
ab = a+b - 2a0 b = (ab) - (ab)
ab = ab = a0 b = ab0 .
Then B is a Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring.
Proof.
Let B is Boolean-near-ring whose proper subset having a non-zero divisor of associate ring
A.
Now to prove that B Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring.
It is enough to prove that every non-divisor of A determines uniquely a maximal set of A with
uni-element.
Let a be the uni-element of a maximal set A then we have b < a, for bA
Consider all the elements of A in whose sub-direct display one or more component ai duplicate
the corresponding component ui of u, the other components of a being zeros.
(ie) all the element a such that a < u, becomes u is uni-element.
Clearly, these elements are compatible with each other and together with u form a maximal set

Vol. 8

ON SOME CHARACTERIZATION OF SMARANDACHE - BOOLEAN NEAR - RING WITH

SUB-DIRECT SUM STRUCTURE

in A, for which u is the uni-element.

Hence A is a maximal set with uni-element and by theorem 1 and definition A, a maximal set
of B forms a Boolean ring .
Then by definition Therefore B is Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring.
Theorem 1.5.
A Boolean-near-ring (B, , ) is having the proper subset A , associate ring is of the form
A = uJ , where u is a non-zero of A and J is the set of idempotent elements of A, with suitable
definitions for and ,
ab = a+b - 2a0 b = (ab) - (ab)
ab = ab = a0 b = ab0 .
Then B is a Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring.
Proof.
Assume that the proper subset A of a Boolean-near-ring B is of the form A = uJ , where
u is non-zero divisor of A and J is the set of idempotent elements of A.
Now to prove B is Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring.
It is enough to prove that A is a maximal set with uni-element.
(i) It is sufficient to show that the set uJ is a maximal set having u as its uni-element and
(ii) If b belongs to the maximal set determined by u, then b has the required form b = eu,
for some eJ
Proof of (i) It is seen that ueuf (ie) ue is compatible to uf with uni-element u, for all e,
fJ, since idempotent belogs to the center of A. Also, ue<u, since ue.u=u2 e=(ue)2
Proof of (ii) We know that A is an associate ring, the associated idempotent a0 of a has
the property:
if ab then a0b = ab0 = b0 a = ba0
If aAu then since a < u and u0 =1,
we have A=u0 a=au0 =a0 u, for all a0 J
Hence A is a maximal set with uni-element of of B by suitable definition and by theorem
1 then we have A is a Boolean-ring.
Then by definition,
Hence B is Smarandache-Boolean-near-ring.

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