Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol.

2, 2014

Mappings on Neutrosophic Soft Classes

1

Shawkat Alkhazaleh and Emad Marei

1
2

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Art, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: [email protected]
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Art, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. In 1995 Smarandache introduced the concept of

neutrosophic set which is a mathematical tool for handling
problems involving imprecise, indeterminacy and inconsistent
data. In 2013 Maji introduced the concept of neutrosophic soft
set theory as a general mathematical tool for dealing with
uncertainty. In this paper we define the notion of a mapping on

classes where the neutrosophic soft classes are collections of

neutrosophic soft set. We also define and study the properties of
neutrosophic soft images and neutrosophic soft inverse images of
neutrosophic soft sets.

Keywords: soft set, fuzzy soft set, neutrosophic soft set, neutrosophic soft classes, mapping on neutrosophic soft classes,
neutrosophic soft images, neutrosophic soft inverse images.
.

1 Introduction
Most of the problems in engineering, medical science,
economics, environments etc. have various uncertainties.
in 1995, Smarandache talked for the first time about
neutrosophy and in 1999 and 2005 [15, 16] he initiated the
theory of neutrosophic set as a new mathematical tool for
handling problems involving imprecise, indeterminacy,
and inconsistent data. Molodtsov [8] initiated the concept
of soft set theory as a mathematical tool for dealing with
uncertainties. Chen et al. [7] and Maji et al. [11, 9] studied
some different operations and application of soft sets.
Furthermore Maji et al. [10] presented the definition of
fuzzy soft set and Roy et al. [12] presented the applications
of this notion to decision making problems. Alkhazaleh et
al. [4] generalized the concept of fuzzy soft set to
neutrosophic soft set and they gave some applications of
this concept in decision making and medical diagnosis.
They also introduced the concept of fuzzy parameterized
interval-valued fuzzy soft set [3], where the mapping is
defined from the fuzzy set parameters to the intervalvalued fuzzy subsets of the universal set, and gave an
application of this concept in decision making. Alkhazaleh
and Salleh [2] introduced the concept of soft expert sets
where the user can know the opinion of all experts in one
model and gave an application of this concept in decision
making problem. As a generalization of Molodtsovs soft
set, Alkhazaleh et al. [5] presented the definition of a soft
multiset and its basic operations such as complement,
union and intersection. In 2012 Alkhazaleh and Salleh [6]
introduced the concept of fuzzy soft multiset as a
combination of soft multiset and fuzzy set and studied its

properties and operations. They presented the applications

of this concept to decision making problems. In 2012
Salleh et al. [1] introduced the notion of
multiparameterized soft set and studied its properties. In
2010 Kharal and Ahmad [14] introduced the notion of
mapping on soft classes where the soft classes are
collections of soft sets. They also defined and studied the
properties of soft images and soft inverse images of soft
sets and gave the application of this mapping in medical
diagnosis. They defined the notion of a mapping on classes
of fuzzy soft sets. They also defined and studied the
properties of fuzzy soft images and fuzzy soft inverse
images of fuzzy soft sets (see [13]). In 2009 Bhowmik and
Pal [18] studied the concept of intuitionistic neutrosophic
set, and Maji [17] introduced neutrosophic soft set,
established its application in decision making, and thus
opened a new direction, new path of thinking to engineers,
mathematicians, computer scientists and many others in
various tests. In 2013 Said and Smarandache [19] defined
the concept of intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set and
introduced some operations on intuitionistic neutrosophic
soft set and some properties of this concept have been
established. In this paper we define the notion of a
mapping on classes where the neutrosophic soft classes are
collections of neutrosophic soft set. We also define and
study the properties of neutrosophic soft images and
neutrosophic soft inverse images of neutrosophic soft sets.
2 Preliminaries
In this section, we recall some basic notions in
neutrosophic set theory, soft set theory and neutrosophic

Shawkat Alkhazaleh and Emad Marei, Mappings on Neutrosophic Soft Classes

soft set theory . Smarandache defined neutrosophic set in

the following way.
Definition 2.1 [15] A neutrosophic set A on the universe
of discourse X is defined as A ={< x,TA ( x), I A ( x), FA ( x) >, x X }
where T , I , F : X ] 0,1 [ and 0 TA ( x) I A ( x) FA ( x) 3 .
Smarandache explained his concept as follows:
"for example, neutrosophic logic is a generalization of the
fuzzy logic. In neutrosophic logic a proposition is T true ,
I indeterminate , and F false . For example, lets analyze the
following proposition: "Pakistan will win against India in
the next soccer game". This proposition can be (0.6,0.3,0.1)
which means that there is possibility of 60% that Pakistan
wins, 30% that Pakistan has a tie game, and 10% that
Pakistan looses in the next game vs. India."
Molodtsov defined soft set in the following way.
Let U be a universe and E be a set of parameters. Let P(U )
denote the power set of U and A E .

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 2, 2014

We denote it by (F , A) (G, B). (F , A) is said to be

neutrosophic soft super set of (G, B) if (G, B) is a
neutrosophic soft subset of (F , A) . We denote it by
(F , A) (G, B).

Definition 2.5 [17] Let (H , A) and (G, B) be two NSSs over

the common universe U . Then the union of (H , A) and (G, B)
is denoted by `(H , A) (G, B)` and is defined by
where C = A B and the truth(H , A) (G, B) = ( K , C) ,
membership, indeterminacy-membership and falsitymembership of (K , C) are defined as follows:
TK (e)(m) = TH (e)(m), if e A B ,
= TG (e)(m), if e B A ,

= max(TH (e)(m),TG (e)(m)), if e A B.

I K (e)(m) = I H (e)(m), if e A B ,
= IG (e)(m), if e B A

Definition 2.2 [8] A pair F , A is called a soft set over U ,

where F is a mapping
F : A P U .
In other words, a soft set over U is a parameterized family
of subsets of the universe U . For A, F may be
considered as the set of -approximate elements of the
soft set F , A .
Definition 2.3 [17] Let U be an initial universe set and E
be a set of parameters. Consider A E . Let P(U ) denotes
the set of all neutrosophic sets of U . The collection (F , A) is
termed to be the neutrosophic soft set (NSS in short) over
U , where F is a mapping given by F : A P(U ) .
Example 2.1 Suppose that U = c1, c2 , c3 is the set of color
cloths under consideration, A = e1, e2 , e3 is the set of
parameters, where e1 stands for the parameter
color which consists of red, green and blue, e2 stands for
the parameter ingredient which is made from wool,
cotton and acrylic, and e3 stands for the parameter
price which can be various: high, medium and low. We
define neutrosophic soft set as follows:
F e1 = < c1,0.4,0.2,0.3 >,< c2 ,0.7,0.3,0.4 >,< c3,0.5,0.2,0.2 > ,
F e2 = < c1,0.6,0.2,0.6 >,< c2 ,0.9,0.4,0.1>,< c3,0.4,0.3,0.3 > ,
F e3 = < c1,0.3,0.3,0.7 >,< c2 ,0.7,0.2,0.4 >,< c3,0.5,0.6,0.4 > .
Definition 2.4 [17] Let (F , A) and (G, B) be two
neutrosophic soft sets over the common universe U . (F , A )
is said to be neutrosophic soft subset of (G, B ) if A B , and
TF (e)( x) TG (e)( x) , I F (e)( x) IG (e)(x) , FF (e)( x) FG (e)(x) , e A, x U .

I H (e)(m) IG (e)(m))
, if e A B.
2

FK (e)(m) = FH (e)(m), if e A B ,
= FG (e)(m), if e B A ,
= min(FH (e)(m), FG (e)(m)), if e A B.

Definition 2.6 [17] Let (H , A) and (G, B) be two NSSs over

the common universe U . Then the intersection of (H , A)
and (G, B) is denoted by `(H , A) (G, B)` and is defined by
where C = A B and the truth(H , A) (G, B) = ( K , C) ,
membership, indeterminacy-membership and falsitymembership of (K , C) are as follows:
TK (e)(m) = min(TH (e)(m),TG (e)(m))

I K (e)(m) =

I H (e)(m) IG (e)(m))
2

FK (e)(m) = max(FH (e)(m), FG (e)(m)), e C.

Definition 2.7 [17] Let (H , A) and (G, B) be two NSSs over

the common universe U . Then the AND operation on
them is denoted by `(H , A) (G, B)` and is defined by

( H , A)

(G, B) = ( K , A B)

where

the

truth-membership,

indeterminacy-membership and falsity-membership of

( K , A B) are as follows:
TK ( , )(m) = min(TH ( )(m),TG ( )(m)) ,
I K ( , )(m) =

Shawkat Alkhazaleh and Emad Marei, Mappings on Neutrosophic Soft Classes

I H ( )(m) IG ( )(m))
2

and

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 1, 2013

FK ( , )(m) = max(FH ( )(m), FG ( )(m)), A, B.

Definition 3.3 Let X, E and

Definition 2.8 [17] Let (H , A) and (G, B) be two NSSs over

the common universe U . Then the OR operation on them
is denoted by `(H , A) (G, B)` and is defined by

(G, B) = (O, A B)

( H , A)

where

the

truth-membership,

indeterminacy-membership and falsity-membership of

(O, A B) are as follows:

mapping

r : X Y

FO ( , )(m) = min(FH ( )(m), FG ( )(m)), A, B.

In this section, we introduce the notion of

mapping on neutrosophic soft classes. Neutrosophic soft
classes are collections of neutrosophic soft sets. We also
define and study the properties of neutrosophic soft images
and neutrosophic soft inverse images of neutrosophic soft
sets, and support them with example and theorems.
Definition 3.1 Let X be a universe and E be a set of
parameters. Then the collection of all neutrosophic soft
sets over X with parameters from E is called a
neutrosophic soft class and is denoted as X, E .

classes. Let
mapping

r : X Y

and

f : X , E Y , E'

s:E E

'

'

be mappings. Then a

is defined as follows:

neutrosophic soft set in

Y , E'

f F , A

obtained as follows:

For

sE E

y Y

and

E = e1 , e2 , e3

and

X = {x1, x2 , x3}

E' = e1' , e'2 , e'3

Y = { y1 , y2 , y3}

over

and let

Suppose that X, E and

r : X Y

are neutrosophic soft classes. Define

as follows:
r ( x1 ) = y1 , r ( x2 ) = y3 , r ( x3 ) = y3 ,
s(e1 ) = e1' , s(e2 ) = e'3 , s(e3 ) = e'2 .

and

Y , E
'

s : E E'

Let (F , A) and (G, B) be two neutrosophic soft sets

and Y respectively such that

F , A = { e1,< x1,0.4,0.2,0.3 >,< x2 ,0.7,0.3,0.4 >,< x3,0.5, 0.2,0.2 > ,

G, B = { e1' ,< y1,0.2,0.4,0.5 >,< y2 ,0.1,0.2,0.6 >,< y3,0.2, 0.5,0.3 > ,

e ,< y ,0.8,0.1,0.1 >,< y ,0.5,0.5,0.5 >,< y ,0.3,0.4,0.4 >,

e ,< y ,0.7,0.3,0.3 >,< y ,0.9,0.2,0.1 >,< y ,0.8,0.2,0.1 >} ,
'
2

'
3

Then we define a mapping

is a

is a

F ,

xr 1 y

1
1
f F , A y if r y and
s A ,

0,0,0 otherwise.

'

f 1 G, B

e2 ,< x1,0.2,0.2,0.7 >,< x2 ,0.3,0.1,0.8 >,< x3,0.2,0.3,0.6 >,

e3 ,< x1,0.8,0.2,0.1 >,< x2 ,0.9,0.1,0.1 >,< x3,0.1,0.4,0.5 >} ,

be neutrosophic soft

For a neutrosophic soft set F , A in X, E ,

'

G s r x , if s B,

G, B x =
0,0,0 otherwise.

Example 3.1 Let

Y , E ,

neutrosophic soft set in X, E obtained as follows:

3 Mapping on Neutrosophic Soft Classes

Y , E

is defined as follows:

For s1 B E and x X . f 1 G, B is called a

neutrosophic soft inverse image of the neutrosophic soft
set G, B .

and

Definition 3.2 Let X, E and

be mappings. Then a

For a neutrosophic soft set G, B in

I H ( )(m) IG ( )(m))
2

be neutrosophic soft

'

s : E E'

and

f 1 : Y , E' X , E

TO ( , )(m) = max(TH ( )(m),TG ( )(m)) ,

IO ( , )(m) =

classes. Let

Y , E

A .

f : X , E Y , E'

as follows:

For a neutrosophic soft set F , A in X, E ,

neutrosophic soft set in

Y , E
'

f F , A

is a

and is obtained as follows:

y = F

f F , A e1'

xr 1 y
1

f F , A is called a neutrosophic soft image of the

neutrosophic soft set F , A .

Shawkat Alkhazaleh and Emad Marei, Mappings on Neutrosophic Soft Classes

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 2, 2014

e2 ,< x1,0.7,0.3,0.3 >,< x2 ,0.8,0.2,0.1 >,< x3,0.8,0.2,0.1 >,

e3 ,< x1,0.8,0.1,0.1 >,< x2 ,0.3,0.4,0.4 >,< x3,0.3,0.4,0.4 >}.

=
F

x{x } {e }

1 1

=(

< x ,0.4,0.2,0.3 >,< x ,0.7,0.3,0.4 >,< x ,0.5,0.2,0.2 >)

1

x{x }
1

= 0.4,0.2,0.3 .

f F , A e1'

= 0,0,0

y2 =
as

y2 = .

'

f F , A e1 y3 =
1
xr y3

< x1,0.4,0.2,0.3 >,< x2 ,0.7,0.3,0.4 >,< x3,0.5,0.2,0.2 >)

x{x , x }
2 3

0.3 0.2

= max 0.7,0.5 ,
,min 0.4,0.2 = 0.7,0.25,0.2 .
2

By similar calculations, consequently, we get

f F , A, B = {e1' ,< y1,0.4,0.2,0.3 >,< y2 ,0,0,0 >,< y3,0.7,0.25, 0.2 >,

e ,< y ,0.8,0.2,0.1 >,< y ,0,0,0 >,< y ,0.9,0.25,0.1 >,

e ,< y ,0.2,0.2,0.7 >,< y ,0,0,0 >,< y ,0.3,0.2,0.6 >}.
'
2

'
3

Next for the neutrosophic soft inverse images, the

mapping

f 1 : Y , E' X , E

is defined as follows:

Y , E , f

For a neutrosophic soft set G, B in

'

G, B , A is a

neutrosophic soft set in X, E obtained as follows:

f 1 G, B e1 x1 = G s e1 r x1

= G e1'

= 0.2,0.4,0.5

= G

f 1 G, B e1 x3 = G s e1 r x3

= G

f G, B y .

= 0.2,0.5,0.3 .

f : X , E Y , E'

be a mapping and F , A

and G, B neutrosophic soft sets in

X,E .
'

Then for

1
1

1
f
F
,
A
f
G
,
B

x = f F , A x

1
1

f G, B x = f 1 F , A x
f F , A

Theorem 3.1 Let

f : X , E Y , E'

G, B x .

G, B x .

G, B , A = {e1,< x1,0.2,0.4,0.5 >,< x2 ,0.2,0.5,0.3 >,< x3,0.2,0.5,0.3 >,

be a mapping. Then for

neutrosophic soft sets F , A and G, B in the neutrosophic

soft class X, E , [a.]
a. f = .
b. f X Y .
c.

f F , A
G, B = f F , A f G, B .

d.

f F , A
G, B f F , A f G, B .

e. If F , A G, B , then f F , A f G, B .
Proof. For (a), (b) and (e) the proof is trivial, so we just
give the proof of (c) and (d).

By similar calculations, consequently, we get

1

x X , the neutrosophic soft union and intersection of

neutrosophic soft inverse images F , A and G, B are
defined as follows:

= 0.2,0.5,0.3 ,

e1'

Definition 3.5 Let

G, B e1 x2 = G s e1 r x2
e1'

be a mapping and F , A

f G , B y = f F , A y f G , B y .
f F , A

=
F

x{x , x } {e }

2 3 1

=(

f G, B y = f F , A y
f F , A

f : X , E Y , E'

and G, B neutrosophic soft sets in X, E . Then for E' ,

y Y , the neutrosophic soft union and intersection of
neutrosophic soft images F , A and G, B are defined as
follows:

1
xr y2

Definition 3.4 Let

c. For

E'

and

Shawkat Alkhazaleh and Emad Marei, Mappings on Neutrosophic Soft Classes

y Y

, we want to prove that

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 1, 2013

f F , A
G, B y = f F , A y f G, B y

xr 1 y s 1 A

f F , A
G, B y = f H , A B y .

H = F , G

This gives (d).

(1)

Considering only the non-trivial case, then Equation 1

becomes:

F ,G

f H , A B y =

(2)

xr 1 y

For right hand side and by using Definition 3.4,

we have

f G, B y = f F , A y
f F , A

=
F

1 1

xr y s A

=
F
xr 1 y s1 AB

f G, B y

1 1

xr y s B

F ,G

= f F , A
f G, B y .

Then

H ,

xr 1 y

f H , A B y = 1
1
if
r
y

and
s

A B ,

0,0,0 otherwise.

where

F , A y G, B y

=f

For left hand side, consider

xr 1 y s 1 B

(3)

xr 1 y

Theorem 3.2 Let

f : X , E Y , E'

be mapping. Then for

neutrosophic soft sets F , A , G, B in the neutrosophic soft

class X , E' , we have:
1.
2.

f 1 = .
f 1 Y = X

3.

f 1 F , A
G, B = f 1 F , A f 1 G, B

4.

f 1 F , A
G, B = f 1 F , A f 1 G, B

5. If F , A G, B , then

f 1 F , A f 1 G, B

Proof. We use the same method as in the previous proof.

4 Conclusion
In this paper we have defined the notion of a
mapping on classes where the neutrosophic soft classes are
collections of neutrosophic soft set. The properties of
neutrosophic soft images and neutrosophic soft inverse
images of neutrosophic soft sets have been defined and
studied.

From Equations 2 and 3, we get (c).

d. For

E'

and

y Y

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
, and using Definition 3.4, we have

f F , A
G, B y = f H , A B y

xr 1 y s 1 AB

1
xr y s 1 AB

1
xr y s 1 AB

We would like to acknowledge the financial support

received from Shaqra University. With our sincere thanks
and appreciation to Professor Smarandache for his support
and his comments.

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Shawkat Alkhazaleh and Emad Marei, Mappings on Neutrosophic Soft Classes