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Membrane Bioreactors

This document discusses membrane bioreactors (MBR) and membrane filtration processes. It defines different types of membrane filtration including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. MBR systems use a combination of suspended growth biological treatment and a membrane process to separate treated water from solids. MBRs can achieve high quality effluent with complete retention of suspended solids and pathogens. Key advantages of MBRs include a small footprint, flexibility in hydraulic retention time, and production of a high quality effluent.

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Chokri Chakiir
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70 views41 pages

Membrane Bioreactors

This document discusses membrane bioreactors (MBR) and membrane filtration processes. It defines different types of membrane filtration including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. MBR systems use a combination of suspended growth biological treatment and a membrane process to separate treated water from solids. MBRs can achieve high quality effluent with complete retention of suspended solids and pathogens. Key advantages of MBRs include a small footprint, flexibility in hydraulic retention time, and production of a high quality effluent.

Uploaded by

Chokri Chakiir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS

(MBR)

MEMBRANE CLASSIFICATION
Microfiltration
(MF)

Ultrafiltration
(UF)

Nanofiltration
(NF)
Reverse
Osmosis
(RO)

COMPARISON OF MEMBRANE FILTRATION PROCESSES


CONTAMINANTS REJECTED

GENERAL PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS

MF and UF
Low Pressure
Size Exclusion

Pathogenic bacteria
and some viruses

MBR Systems,
polishing and post
treatment

NF and RO
Higher Pressure
Size Exclusion plus
diffusion charge
Pathogenic bacteria,
viruses, dissolved
solids and ions

Secondary polishing
and post treatment

TYPICAL TYPES OF MEMBRANES


FLAT PLATE

HOLLOW FIBRE

MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR

PROCESS BASICS

sludge floc
water
dis. solids

bacteria
viruses

membrane

suction
kinet. energy

PROCESS BASICS
DN

discharge

SCT

SS
conventional technology
membrane technology
effluent

SS
Deni

Nitri

UF not
Sec. Clarif.

TWO CONFIGURATIONS:
External
Submerged

Pressure drivencommonly in tubular form and


external
Vacuum driven

COMMON TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

COMMON TERMS AND DEFINITIONS


(CONTD)

Gross Flux

The volume of water that passes through a


membrane per unit time and per unit surface area of
the membrane. Flux is often normalized based on
temperature.

Gross Flux=Instantaneous Permeate Flow /Surface


Area

COMMON TERMS AND DEFINITIONS


(CONTD)

Net Flux

The total Permeated Flow over 24 hours divided by


the total surface area expressed in gallons per minute
per square foot.

Net Flux=Total Permeate Flow/ Surface Area

Total Surface Area

The total surface area represents the total membrane


surface area available for treatment in a membrane
system..

COMMON TERMS AND DEFINITIONS


(CONTD)

Transmembrane Pressure
The difference between average/concentrate pressure
and the permeate pressure is the driving force.
The TMP is a means to assess fouling
TMP = feed pressure permeate pressure

Fouling
The build up of impurities on the membranes such as
colloidal materials. Fouling reduces flux through the
membrane and increase the TMP.
Micro fouling is the build up of impurities in the
membrane pores.

COMMON TERMS AND DEFINITIONS


(CONTD)

Permeability

The permeability of a membrane is the flux rate


divided by the transmembrane pressure..

P = Flux / TMP

Recovery
Recovery is the concept of restoring the hydraulic
characteristics of the membrane.
Recovery is achieved by membrane cleaning.

PROCESS VARIABLES

Temperature

Viscosity of water increases, as water temperature


decreases. Permeability and flux rate decreases

Pore size
Membrane flux rate (L/m2.hr)

MLSS increasesflux rate decreases


Qpeakdesign flux rate

Membrane life

Constant TMP operation


Constant flux operationpreferred mode,
because it ensures a steady throughput.

SYSTEM ADVANTAGES
Small footprint
Complete retention of suspended solids and most
soluble compounds
Independant control of hydraulic and solid retention
times
Ability for slow-growing species to flourish (nitrifying bacteria,
etc.)

High loading rate capability


Combined COD, solids and nutrients removal
Low/zero sludge productionhigh SRT
Rapid start-up
Eliminates problems due to settling
High biomass concentrations
Bulking or rising sludge not problem

Effluent disinfection

SYSTEM DISADVANTAGES
Membrane costs
High capital costs
Membrane complexity
Membrane fouling

Pretreatment of feed or bach flushing with water/air


or chemical cleaning is used.

Operation and maintenance


Energy costs
Aeration limitations

LEADING MANUFACTURERS
Zenon Environmental Inc. (CANADA)
General Electric
Mitsubishi Rayon Cooperation (JAPAN)
Kubota Cooperation (JAPAN)Flat Plate
US Filter (USA)

Hollow Fiber

Operating Conditions (Integrated System)

IMPORTANT POINTS

Pretreatment as screening and grit removal is


important
3mm screeninghair and fiber can pass, wrap
around the membrane
Many manufacturers now use 2mm screen
Best is to use 2mm, then 1mm screen

Recommended MLSS: 8000-12000 mg/L to


optimize aeration, flux and cleaning frequency
R=4, to prevent solids buildup in the membrane
area
High peaking factors equalization reqd

AIR SUPPLY

Air suply:
For biological process
For cleaning the membrane to prevent fouling

Air for cleaning can exceed the air requirement


for biological processes
High MLSS concentration reduces aeration
efficiencyhigher energy input requried

(Judd, 2006)

CHEMICAL CLEANING OF MEMBRANE

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