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1 Jeanette Whyte Smart Cities

1) The document summarizes the key findings of a comparative study of smart cities in Europe and China. It presents an assessment framework used to analyze pilot smart cities along characteristics like strategy, governance, and services. 2) Most European cities showed average or more advanced maturity in areas like ICT infrastructure and smart city services, while most Chinese cities were basic or average. 3) A "smart city roadmap" is recommended to advance cities step-by-step to higher maturity, focusing on continuous improvement without leapfrogging stages or isolating advances in certain areas.

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215 views14 pages

1 Jeanette Whyte Smart Cities

1) The document summarizes the key findings of a comparative study of smart cities in Europe and China. It presents an assessment framework used to analyze pilot smart cities along characteristics like strategy, governance, and services. 2) Most European cities showed average or more advanced maturity in areas like ICT infrastructure and smart city services, while most Chinese cities were basic or average. 3) A "smart city roadmap" is recommended to advance cities step-by-step to higher maturity, focusing on continuous improvement without leapfrogging stages or isolating advances in certain areas.

Uploaded by

Ion Dogeanu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The 1st CHOICE Event

Fostering EU-China Collaborative Innovation in ICT


Key Findings
Comparative Study of Smart Cities in Europe and China
Jeanette Whyte, Smart City Lead Researcher, EU-China Green Smart City
Technical Expert Group, Jenesis Consulting

Chengdu, China
OCT. 22, 2014

Funded by the 7th Framework Programme


of the European Union

1. Introduction

The objective of this presentation is to present the key findings


from the Comparative Study of Smart Cities in Europe and
China, including
o
o
o
o
o

Background and objectives to the study


Smart city assessment framework
Emerging trends and open challenges in China and the EU
Analysis of China and EU pilot smart cities
The Smart City Roadmap towards Maturity

3. Background and Objectives to the


Study(1)
Project supported by the EU-China Policy Dialogues Support Facility
o Initiated at the 3rd ICT Dialogue Meeting in 2011
Ministry of Industry & Information Technology (MIIT) and the European
Commission's Information Society & Media Directorate-General (DG
CNECT)

Project deliverables
o
o
o
o

Develop Green Smart City cooperation;


Establish an expert framework for promoting EU-China smart cities cooperation;
Select pilot cities from China and the EU; and
Establish a Technical Expert Group (TEG) to carry out related research and
cooperation

3. Background and Objectives to the


Study(2)

Amsterdam, Netherlands

Haidian, Beijing

Barcelona, Spain

Binhai New Area, Tianjin

Bristol, UK

Pudong, Shanghai

Copenhagen, Denmark

Nantong City, Jiangsu Province

Florence, Italy

Huaian City, Jiangsu Province

Frankfurt, Germany

Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province

Issy-les-Moulineux (Paris), France

Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province

Lyons, France

Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province

Malmo, Sweden

Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province

Manchester, UK

Yantai City, Shandong Province

Riga, Latvia

NanSha New Area, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province

Tallinn, Estonia

Qinghai, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province

Venice, Italy

Hengqin, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province

Vilnius, Lithuania

Chengdu City, Sichuan Province

Zagreb, Croatia

Korla City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

3. Smart City Assessment Framework


The TEG designed a Smart City Assessment Framework which incorporates 9
characteristics that are common to Smart City projects
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

Smart City Strategy


Stakeholders
Governance
Funding
Value Assessment
Business Models
ICT Infrastructure
Smart City Services
Legal and Regulatory policies

The objective of the assessment framework was not to rank the Smart City pilot
projects
The goal was to compare the various characteristics of each Smart City project in
order to

o
o
o

Identify good practise in the various components of a Smart City project


Assessed against a common set of criteria
Understand emerging challenges in Smart City projects
Develop a Good Practice Framework for Smart City Planning and Development

4. Emerging Trends and Open


Challenges: Technology(1)
Technology

Trend

Challenges

Broadband
connectivity

Most EU countries broadband penetration is


> 50% (higher in cities with average speed of
4.9Mbps or above
In China, fixed and mobile broadband
penetration rate is circa 14% and 30% but is
likely to increase rapidly

High investment costs to


build out broadband
networks

Internet of
Things (IoT)

Most cities have or are in the process of


rolling out an overlay of ICT that connects
things, organisations and people
Examples of services using IoT technology
include education, environment/energy,
transport, food safety

Some IP networks are


not yet IoT ready
Lack of IoT skills and
knowledge
Lack of trust

Most cities have developed smartphone


applications for their citizens
Smartphone related services is likely to
increase as smartphone penetration
increases

Smart personal
devices

Digital divide
Data protection and
security

4. Emerging Trends and Open


Challenges: Technology(2)
Technology

Trend

Challenges

Cloud
computing

All cities have deployed some cloud


computing services
Many EU cities have significant experience

Big Data
Analytics

Some cities have created smart city


applications using big data analytics
Ningbo and Qinghai have used big data
analytics to improve planning of urban
transport systems

Security and privacy


Complexity of managing
cloud components
Interoperability between
clouds & vendor Lock-in
Shortage of talent
Data policies on privacy
and security

5. Analysis of China and EU Pilot Smart


Cities(1)
Information provided by the pilot smart cities was analysed to provide an
assessment of their level of maturity - Basic level or State of the Art level
Characteristic

Not yet
addressed

Basic

Level of Maturity
Average
More
Advanced

Smart City
Strategy

Stakeholders

Governance

Funding

ICT infrastructure
Smart city
services

Not
assessed

Value
Assessment
Business models

State- ofthe- Art

5. Analysis of China and EU Pilot Smart


Cities(2)
Characteristic

Region
Not yet
addressed

ICT
infrastructure

China

Basic

Level of Maturity
Average

7%

13%

80%

10%

80%

EU

Characteristic

Region
Not yet
addressed

Smart city
services

China
EU

Basic

Level of Maturity
Average

13%

87%

More
Advanced

State-of the Art

Not
assessed

10%

More
Advanced

State-of the
-Art

80%

10%

Not
assessed

10%

6. Recommendations(1)

The concept of smart city means very different things to different cities and as a result
it is not possible to develop a single set of recommendations on how to get smarter
Instead, the recommendation is a roadmap for continuous improvement where cities
to advance step by step until reaching the state-of-the-art level of maturity

The Smart City Staircase Roadmap towards Maturity

6. Recommendations(2)
The Roadmap towards maturity recognises some cities may have no interest or lack
resources to achieve the highest level of smart city maturity for a given characteristic
Instead, it provides guidance on how to address the task of continuous modernisation step
by step and keeping a balance of ambitious, achievable targets without putting the city
system under excessive pressure
The Roadmap towards maturity has two important underlying principles

1. No leapfrogging
Leapfrogging from a basic level to state-of-the-art level of maturity is not only
an impossible task but in most cases will also be counter-productive

2.

No isolated advances

Advancing one characteristic while neglecting to advance others will in most


cases be counter-productive

It is highly recommended each conducts a critical assessment of its current maturity level

Once completed the city can identify other cities or individual projects within a city that has a strong
similarity to the next step that needs to be taken

6. Recommendations: ICT Infrastructure


Level of Maturity
Basic

Broadband (fixed,
mobile or converged)
network converge for
all pilot projects
ICT infrastructure
provided for each
project

Average

Targeted ICT project


investments (e.g.
Smart Grid)
Some of the ICT
infrastructure is
managed or shared
across smart city
projects

More Advanced

100% city wide


broadband coverage
ICT infrastructure
managed or shared
across all smart city
projects
Funding for advanced
broadband network (e.g.
LTE, vehicular wireless
network, sensors etc.) and
implementation city wide
data centres for future
smart city projects

State-of-the-Art

100% high speed (>20


Mbs) broadband
coverage
Real-time city
operations are
optimised
ICT vision and strategy
overseen by dedicated
City CIO
Measures in place to
ensure the city future
proofs its investment
in ICT infrastructure

1. Technology-neutral infrastructure targets


o

Technology infrastructure required to deliver smart city projects should be defined by function rather
than in terms of a specific technology

2. Strategic focus
o
o

Taking a long term view of smart city investments, which can be quite difficult to achieve when very
often ICT is used on a project by project basis
A Chief Information Officer may assist in the decision making process of prioritising investments

3. Open Standards and Open Data


o

Development of smart city services via open APIs and other standards enable cities to take full
advantage of the economies of scale of using these widely adopted standards

6. Recommendations: Smart City Services


Basic

A few (<5) smart


city services
some are pilot
projects

Average

Level of Maturity
More Advanced

Implemented
several smart city
services but
some may still be
pilot projects

A wide range of

smart city services


meeting the needs
of a cross section of
stakeholders
Services have been
implemented city

wide

State-of-the-Art

Several of the smart


City services
represent Best
Practice and have
received awards for
their services
Smart city services
are delivered through
open data and crowdsourcing initiatives

1. Prioritise services
o

The use of analytical tools will aid decision makers to compare the value of potentially unrelated
projects in order to decide which ones to select

2. Create service platforms


o

This will enable a range of services to be hosted on a common platform and assist in creating
future services quickly and efficiently whilst minimising disruptions for the overall system

3. Collaboration with other cities


o

There are several established platforms in Europe such as CitySDK, Apps for Europe which are
based on open platforms and provide tools that can be used to develop applications

7. Conclusions

Knowledge-exchange platforms will continue to play an important part in enabling cities


to achieve the respective next level of smart city maturity
Cities are encouraged to use the Smart City Assessment Framework as an internal
management tool for assessing the status quo of their smart city development and to
identify any gaps and weaknesses
The EU China Smart City Cooperation Project Technical Expert Group, established as
part of this project is a useful resource with responsibilities for
o
o

Identifying and sharing good practice


Maintaining a database of technical experts from China and the EU

The Comparative Study of Smart Cities in Europe and China is available at www.eu-chinapdsf.org

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