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Theory: Computer Science For 9 Class (Unit # 2)

The document discusses the differences between hardware and software, and describes the main functions of the CPU and its components - the control unit and arithmetic logic unit. It explains that the CPU controls the computer, executes instructions, and processes data. The ALU performs arithmetic operations and uses registers to process data. Main memory, which includes ROM and RAM, is also described. ROM is permanent while RAM is volatile. The control unit controls system activities and moves instructions between components. Secondary storage supplements main memory. Data and address buses, as well as serial and parallel ports, are also defined.

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Waleed Qureshi
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85 views

Theory: Computer Science For 9 Class (Unit # 2)

The document discusses the differences between hardware and software, and describes the main functions of the CPU and its components - the control unit and arithmetic logic unit. It explains that the CPU controls the computer, executes instructions, and processes data. The ALU performs arithmetic operations and uses registers to process data. Main memory, which includes ROM and RAM, is also described. ROM is permanent while RAM is volatile. The control unit controls system activities and moves instructions between components. Secondary storage supplements main memory. Data and address buses, as well as serial and parallel ports, are also defined.

Uploaded by

Waleed Qureshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-5665666 Website: www.linkspk.

net
E-mails: [email protected] , [email protected]
COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 2)
============================================================

THEORY
Question: Differentiate between hardware and software of a computer.
Hardware:
Computer hardware are physical components of computer.
They are installed in computer box (System Unit)
Other connected devices are also called hardware such as Key Board, Mouse, etc.
Examples are Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Printer, Scanner, Modem etc.
Software:
Techniques & methods that are necessary to get information using hardware are
called Software.
In other words, software are set of instructions that tells computer what to do?
And How to do?
o Software are of two types: 1) System Software 2) Application Software
Question: Describe the main functions of CPU.
The CPU is located inside the system unit.
CPU is the brain of computer.
It controls the entire computer system.
It executes the instruction given to it.
CPU processes the data as per instructions and send result to output device.
CPU chip consists of two units:
o Control Unit (CU)
o Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Question: Describe the working and functions of ALU.
Functions:
ALU contain number of adder and logic gates.
ALU also contain different types of registers.
ALU performs all the processing in CPU.
It performs all arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division etc.
Register help to process the data.
Working:
Let us understand the addition of two number A and B.
CU interprets the instructions and transfers the number A from main memory to
Accumulator.
CU then transfer the number B to some other register available.
Under the instructions of the Control Unit, these numbers are added by the adder
circuits and result is stored in the accumulator.
Accumulator send it to main memory then result is send to any other unit where
required.
Question: Discuss importance of main memory. Write types of main memory.
Main memory is also called primary memory.
Main memory is located on semi-conductor chip.
Main memory is very fast and direct accessible by the CPU.
Main memory has two different types: ============================================================
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Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-5665666 Website: www.linkspk.net


E-mails: [email protected] , [email protected]
COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 2)
============================================================

Read Only Memory (ROM): ROM is permanent memory of computer.


It handles many important tasks. One important task is to provide instruction
during booting (starting) of CPU.
Another important role of ROM is character generator.
ROM is non-volatile memory. It means instructions stored on it cannot be changed
or deleted when the computer is turned off.
Random Access Memory (RAM): RAM is major part of main memory.
Any part of RAM is directly accessible to read/write data or instructions on it.
It is fast memory but not permanent like ROM.
RAM is also called volatile memory because it looses any data when the computer
is turned off.
Question: Describe the function of control unit.
It is most important part of CPU.
It controls all the activities performed by system unit. It performs this function by
issuing different commands.
CU require small amount of temporary storage to work.
CU gets instructions from RAM and stores it in an instruction register and moves it
to one of the ALU registers.
Question: What is secondary storage? Name some secondary storage device.
Secondary memory is also called backing storage.
It is used to supplement the capacity of main memory.
Some secondary storage devices are Floppy Disks, Hard Disk, CDs
The data in secondary storage is first brought into the main memory before
processing.
Question: What is meant by bus in computer system? How is Data bus differs
from an address bus?
In computer huge data has to travel from one place to another. Therefore it requires
system bus, which is set of parallel wires.
Data Bus:
Data Bus is an electrical path that connects the CPU, memory, and the other
hardware devices on the mother board.
Address Bus:
Address Bus that carries the memory addresses is a set of wires similar to the data
bus. An address bus connects the CPU with the memory.
Question: Describe the function of ports in a computer. How many types of
ports are generally present in a computer system?
The function of ports in a computer is to provide a direct link with the computers
common electrical bus. Main types of ports are as under: Serial Ports: A serial port provides a connection for plugging a peripheral device with one data line
that carry one bit at a time and additional lines to carry control signals.
Parallel Ports: A parallel port provides a connection for transmitting fast flow of large amount of
data.
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