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Intro To BLDG Matl Handout

The document provides an overview of building materials throughout history from the Neolithic period to modern times. It describes the basic materials used in different eras such as wood, stone, clay, and thatch in ancient times and discusses the development of concrete and steel in the industrial period. Key structures are highlighted such as Stonehenge, Ziggurats, and early skyscrapers to illustrate the use of materials in architectural history.

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Rafael Santiago
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113 views8 pages

Intro To BLDG Matl Handout

The document provides an overview of building materials throughout history from the Neolithic period to modern times. It describes the basic materials used in different eras such as wood, stone, clay, and thatch in ancient times and discusses the development of concrete and steel in the industrial period. Key structures are highlighted such as Stonehenge, Ziggurats, and early skyscrapers to illustrate the use of materials in architectural history.

Uploaded by

Rafael Santiago
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Santo Tomas

College of Architecture

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1:
Building Materials
By: Arch. Chris Luna, uap
Introduction to Building Materials
History of Building Materials

NEOLITHIC (New Stone Age)


8,000 BC 3,000 BC

FARMING
PERMANENT SETTLEMENT

Construction & Materials

PALEOLITHIC (Old Stone Age)


32,000 BC 12,000 BC

NOMADIC HUNTER
CAVES

TENT

MESOLITHIC (Middle Stone Age)


12,000 BC 8,000 BC

FOOD GATHERER
TEMPORARY SHELTERS MADE
FROM PERISHABLE MATERIALS

wooden poles/animal bones as framework


leaves to form the tent

HUT

Page 1 of 8

broad leaves intertwined as covering


composite building materials were used
(clay & wood)
reeds padded with clay for walls

University of Santo Tomas

College of Architecture
STONEHENGE
SALISBURY PLAIN, SOUTHERN ENGLAND

The most imposing megalithic monument in


existence
Known in the 12th cent. as Dance of the
Giants
Known today as the sarcen circle

COMMUNAL HOUSE

wooden post & lintel to support the ridge


pole & rafters
thatch for the roof structure
walls were made of various materials, such
as clay, wattle & daub, tree bark & thatch

STONE STRUCTURES

dolmen
granaries
temples
-cromlech

MESOPOTAMIAN PERIOD
Chaldea man-made clay, plain & glazed
bricks, bitumen & pitch (for cementing),
calcerous earth (mortar)

Construction Method was post & lintel

Assyria stone, brick (extensively used),


alabaster & limestone (for facing)
Persia hard & colored limestone, timber

CROMLECH - A circular arrangement of


megaliths enclosing a dolmen or burial mound.

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University of Santo Tomas

College of Architecture
ZIGGURATS

EGYPTIAN PERIOD

Natural products timber, stone, brick, clay

Ziggurat at Ur
Ziggurat at Bursippa
Tower of Babel

Masonry materials limestone, sandstone,


alabaster, basalt, porphyry, granite
Timber used Acacia (boats), Date Palm
(roofing), Sycamore (mummy case)

BABYLON

GREEK PERIOD

CITY OF BABYLON - with 100 towers and 100


bronze doors

Chief building materials:


Marble
other stones

ASSYRIA
PALACE OF SARGON
entrance portals flanked with statues of
headed winged bulls & lions
contains 700 rooms

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University of Santo Tomas

College of Architecture
ROMAN PERIOD

GOTHIC PERIOD

Chief building material:


Concrete

EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD

The ruins of the Roman buildings provided


quarry where materials were obtained.
This influence the style of construction,
decoration for columns, & other architectural
features as well as fine sculpture & mosaic
from older bldg w/c were turn into basilican
churches of the new faith

Page 4 of 8

University of Santo Tomas

College of Architecture
RENAISSANCE PERIOD

Page 5 of 8

University of Santo Tomas

College of Architecture
INDUSTRIAL PERIOD
Chief building material:
Concrete
Steel
Glass

MODERN PERIOD

INDUSTRIAL PERIOD
CONCRETE DEVELOPMENT:
1756 - British Engineer, John Smeaton made
the first modern concrete
(hydraulic
cement) by adding
pebbles as a course
aggregate &
mixing powered brick into the
cement
1824 - Joseph Aspdin invented Portland cement
1849 - Joseph Monier invented Reinforced
Concrete, and patented in 1867

Page 6 of 8

University of Santo Tomas

College of Architecture
Physical Properties of Building Materials

BRICK

PLASTIC

Type ordinary brick

Type high-strength plastic fabric

Ingredient burned clay

Ingredients long chain of molecules

Strength cheap, strong in compression

Strength flexible, lightweight, long lasting,


strong in compression & tension

Weaknesses heavy, weak in tension


Applications walls of early skyscrapers and
tunnels, domes

Weaknesses expensive
Applications tent structures, inflatable roofs

CONCRETE
ALUMINUM

Type fine-grained concrete

Type aluminum alloy

Ingredient cement, water, small stones

Ingredients aluminum w/ magnesium &


copper

Strength cheap, fireproof & weatherproof,


molds any shape, strong in compression

Strength lightweight, doesnt rust, strong in


compression & tension

Weaknesses cracks
changes, weak in tension

Weaknesses expensive

Applications early arch bridges & domes

Applications
skyscrapers skin

airplane

wings,

boats,

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with

temperature

University of Santo Tomas

College of Architecture
REINFOCED CONCRETE
Type fine-grained concrete with high-strength
steel
Ingredient steel bars hidden in concrete
Strength low-cost, fireproof & weatherproof,
molds any shape, strong in compression &
tension
Weaknesses can cracks as it cools & hardens
Applications bridges, dams, domes, buildings
STEEL
Type high-strength steel
Ingredient iron with a touch of carbon
Strength one of the strongest materials used
in construction, strong in compression & tension
Weaknesses rusts, loses
extremely high temperature

strength

in

Applications cables in suspension bridges,


buildings

CAST IRON
Type cast iron
Ingredient iron with lots of carbon
Strength molds to any shape, strong in
compression
Weaknesses weaker than steel in tension,
breaks without warning
Nothing Follows

Applications arch bridges, cannons, domes

Page 8 of 8

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