Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
1 +, 1 +

01 ' 5

The Right to Information, The Right to Live

Step Out From the Old to the New

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

Jawaharlal Nehru

IS 2571 (1970): Code of practice for laying in-situ cement

concrete flooring [CED 5: Flooring, Wall Finishing and
Roofing]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

! > 0 B

BharthariNtiatakam

Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen

is : 2571 - 1970
(Reaffirmed 2001
1996))
( Reaffirmed

Indian

Standard

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR LAYING

IN-SITU CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING
(

First Revision )

Sixth Reprint FEBRUARY

UDC

69.025.331.3

0
BUREAU
MANAK

Gr 7

OF
BHAVAN,

1999

: 69.001.3

Copyright 1971
INDIAN

STANDARDS

9 BAHADUR
SHAH
NEW DELHI
110002

ZAFAR

MARG

November 1971

Is ; 2571.1970

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR LAYING
IN-SITU CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING
(

First Revision)

Flooring and Plastering Sectional Committee, BDC 5

Refkesenting

Chairman

DireFe;;r

SHRI 0. P. &TAL

General

of Posts & Telegraphs,

New

Members
National Rubber Manufacturers Ltd, Calcutta
Da D. BANERJEE
Da M. L. BHAWK ( Ahrmte )
National Test House, Calcutta
,$HRI A. K. BHATTACHARYYA
J.,ALA
G. C. DAS ( Affernnte)
Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, Army Headquarters
SHRXS. K. BOSE
MAJ D. D. SHARMA ( Alternate )
Arcoy Industries, Ahmedabad
SHRI DINESHA. CHOK~HI
SHRI RA;;~~L A. CHOKSHI ( Alternatf )
MECHANICAL Mmlstry of Railways
DEPUTY
ENGINEER, INTEGRAL COACH
FACTORY,PERAMBUR
DEY~TY DIRECTOR ( ARCH ),
RESEARCH,DESIGNS
ANDSTANORGANIZATION,
DARDS
LUCKNOW ( Alternate )
Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute, Nasik
DIRECTOR
R~SEARCE~
OFFICER, MATERIAL
TESTING
DIVISION( Alternate )
The Concrete Association of India, Bombay
SHRI
P. K. DOCTOR
Oxy-Chloride Flooring Products Ltd, Bombay
SHRI
N. HARXLAL
Da PRANLALPATEL ( Alternate)
Modern Tiles & MarbIe, New Delhi
SHRI
S. C. KAPOOR
SHRI A. C. KA~OOR (Alternate)
Burmah-Shell Oil Storage & Distributing Co of India
SIXRIM. R. MALYA
Ltd, Bombay
DR B. S. B~ssr ( Ahnate )
Central
Builders Association, New Delhi
SHRI HAZARI LAL MARWAH
The Institution of Engineers ( India), Calcutta
SHRI T. R. MEHANDRU
Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR), Roorkee
DR
MOHAN RAI
SHRI
R. K. JAIN ( Ahmate)
Coromandel Prodorite Pvt Ltd, Madras
SHRI
M.
V. MURUGAPPAN
SHRI R. SRINIVASAN( Abemale )
( Continued an page 2 )

BUREAU
MANAK

OF
BHAVAN,

INDIAN

STANDARDS

9 BAHADUR
SHAH
NEW DELHI
110002

ZAFAR

MARG

ISr2571-1970
(Continuedfrom

page 1 )

Members

RePresenting

India Linoleums Ltd, 24 Parganas ( West Bengal )

SHRI H. M. NANDKEOLYAR
The Bhor Industries Ltd, Bombay
SHRI RAMAN M. PATEL
SHRI J. M. SHROFF( Alternate )
National Buildings Organization, New Delhi
DR A. V. R. RAO
SHRI 0. P. RATRA ( Alternate )
Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals
SHRI G. S. SAVKAR
Bureau of Public Enterprises ( Ministry of Finance )
SHRI L. G. SELVAM
SHRI T. M. VARUGHESE( Alternate )
Indian Institute of Architects, Bombay
SHRI G. C. SHARMA
SUPERINTENDING
ENGINEER(PLAN- Public
Works
Department,
Government
of
Tamil Nadu
NINOAND DESIGN CIRCLE)
DEPUTYCHIEF ENGINEER( BUILDINC?) ( Altematc )
SU;PE~~JIN~
SuR~i3v0R OF Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
SURVEYOROF WORKS I TO SSW
I ( Alternate )
Director General, IS1 ( Ex-ojicio Member )
SHRI D. AJITHA SIMHA,
Director ( Civ Engg )
Secretary
SHRI L. RAMACHANDRA
RAO
Deputy Director (Civ Engg ), IS1

IS:2571-1970

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR LAYING
IN-SITU CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING

( First Revision)
0.

FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision)

was adopted by the Indian
Standards
Instit.ution on 19 December
1970, after the draft finalized
by the Flooring and Plasterin? Sectional Committee had been approved
by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
0.2 In-situ cement cencrete flooring consists essentially of rich cement concrete, and pnssesses good wearing properties and facility of easy cleaning
and maintenance
which make it suitable for use in houses, offices, schools,
hospitals and light industrial buildings.
Depending upon the amount of
loadmg and the degree of wear sesistance needed, the floor finish has to be
laid in various thicknesses and a careful selection has to be made regarding
mix proportions,
panel srzes and number of layers.
Also the laying
operations have to ensure the proper bonding of the finish to the base or
sub-floor.
This code provides necessary guidance
in the selection of
materials and laying and finishing of cement concrete flooring for obtaining
satisfactory performance.
This standard which was first published in 1963
is now being revised taking into account the experience
gained in the
concrete flooring work for the past few years.
0.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to
international
co-ordination
among the standards and practices prevailing
in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field
This has been met by deriving assistance from B. S.
in this country.
CP204 : 1965 ZU-situ floor finishes, issued
by the British
Standards
Institution.
0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement
of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, ex_
pressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance
The number
of significant
places retained in the
with IS : 2-1960*.
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified valie in
this standard.
____.._._
.*Rules
for rounding off numerical values (revised).
3

lsr2!57l-1970
l.sGoPE
1.1 This standard covers laying and finishing of in-h
cement concrete
flooring for non-industrial
and light industrial buildings.
Heavy duty
floors and acid and ~alkali resisting floor finishes are not dealt with in
this standard.
2. TERMbiOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this standard,
2.1 General

the following definitions shall apply.

T&s

2.1.i Base Cmcre& -.The

topping is laid.

layer of concrete on which the cement concrete

2.1.2 Luitance - A thin layer, consisting essentially of fine cement particles, which often forms a scum on the surface of freshly laid concrete.
This layer may be formed by excessive surface trowelling of concrete
immediately after it has-been laid.
2.13 Sub-bawcrete is laid.

The prepared surface on ground on which

2.1.4 Sab-&ors - The prepared

which the floor finish is laid.
2.2 Toolm ind

surface of structural/suspended

base confloor on

Acceasoric?a

22.1 &reed Ships - Temporary narrow strips of wood or steel laid on the
sub-base or base concrete or sub-floor to act as guides-for dividing the area
to he paved into panels.
23.2 Scmd& BoardA straight-edged
wooden scantling
used for
It is moved with a sawing action, the two ends
floating a plane surface.
( if necessary ) resting on screed strips or guides set at the correct height.
23

site oper+onm

23.1 Scrteding -Bringing

of screeding hoard.
3. NECESSARY

the floor to a true and even surface by means

INFORMATION

3.1, For the efficiZnt planning and execution of the tiork, detailed information with regard to the following is necessary:
a) Purpose for which the floor is to be used;
b) Floor area to be covered;

IS : 2571-1970

4
4

Location and size of openings

to be left out;
Details

of the sub-base

and ducts, drainage

outlets,

if any,

or sub-floor;

e>

Type of soil in the sub-base

and any seepageproblem;

f-1 Specific requirements, if any, regarding the colour and appearance

of the finished surface and of aggregates to he llsed;
Whether
EC)
h) Slope to

skirtings are required;

be provided

and

in the floor finish.

3.2 All the information stated in 3.1 shall be made available by the appropriate authority
responsible for the construction
of the whole building
to those who are entrusted with the work of laying cement concrete floor
finish before the work is started.
Necessary drawings and instructions for
preparatory work shall also be given where required.
3.3 Arrangements
shall also be made for the proper exchange of information between those engaged in laying the floor finish and all others
whose work will affect or will be affected.
4. MATERIALS

4.1 Cement IS:

269-1967*

4.2

Aggregates

Cement used for the floor finish work shall conform

or to IS : 455-1967t
or IS : 1489-1967$.

to

4.2.1 Aggregates for cement concrete flooring mix shall conform to the
requirements
of IS : 383-19635.
The aggregate
crushing
value, when
determined in accordance with IS : 2386 ( Part IV)-196311 shall not exceed
30 percent.

4.2.1.1
Coarse aggregate - The grading of graded coarse aggregate for
cement concrete flooring mix shall be within the limits given in Table 1.
The coarse aggregate shall generally be of the following sizes:
a) Base concrete ( lean cement
concretf! or lime concrete )

Graded

from 40 mm and below

b) Cement concrete topping of

thickness 40 mm and above

Graded

from 16 mm and below

c) Cement concrete topping

thickness 25 mm

Graded

from 12.5 mm and below

of

*Specification

for ordinary,

tSpecificajibn

for portland

blast-furnace

rapid-hardening

$Specification

for portland

pozzolana

and low heat portland

cement

(w&d).

slag cement (second r&ion ).

citicnt

&Specification for coarse and fine aggregates

( Second revision in 1970 ).
llM&hods of test for aggregatu for concrete

( revised).
from natural sources for concrete (reoi,rd).

: Part IV Mechanical proper&.

I9 1w71* 1970
Graded

d) Under-layer of cement conCrete topping in two layers

TABLE 1

from 12.5 mm and below

COARSE AGGBBGATE
( Chi.r~ 4.2.1.1 )

1s SIEM

PERCENTAGEPASSINGFOR GRADED AGQREGATE OF

NOMNAL SIZE
-h--------__
20 mm
16 mm
125 mm

DESIONA~ON
r--e4Omm

mm
40
20

95 to 100

100

30 to 70

95 to 100
-

10 to 35

25 to 55

30 to 70

40 to 85

0 to 5
-

oto 10
-

oto10
-

0 to 10
-

16

125
10
475
1.36

100
90 to 100

100
-

90 to 100

4.2.1.2
Fine aggregateThe grading of fine aggregate for cement
mncrete flooring mix shall be within the limits of one of the two zones
given in Table 2. The fine aggregate shall be described as fine aggregate of the grading zone into which it falls.
TABLE

FINE AGGREGATE

PERCENTAGEBY WEIGHT PASSINOIS Sravu

-----.----~~_~_~
Grading Zone 1
Grading Zone 2

IS SIEVE DESIGNATION
mm
10

100

100

475

90-100

236
1.18

60-95

75-100

30-70

55-90

600~micron

15-34

35-59

300-micron

5-20

8-30

150-micron

O-10

O-10

90-100

4.3 Water:Water used shall be clean and free from oil, acid, alkali,
Generally potable water will be suitable.
In
organic or vegetable matter.
case of doubt the quality of water should be analysed to ascertain conformity with 4.3 of IS : 456-l 964*.

*t&de of practice for plain and reinforced concrete ( ~econd~visivn).

6

ls: 2571-1970
51 DESiGN CONSIDERATIONS
5.1 Types of Floor Finish and Thicknesses - The floor finish shall be
laid according to any of the specifications
given in Table 3, depending
upon the expected load and wear on the floor and the fact whether the
topping is to be laid monolithic with the base or separately on a set and
hardened base.
In either case special precautions are necessary to ensure
good bond between the topping and the base.
5.1.1 Monolithic Floor Finish ( Finish Types I and IV) - In case of monolithic construction
even a small thickness of topping is sufficient because of
strength imparted to it by the b&se concrete and such type of finish is quite
suitable as a moderately strong and economical floor finish ( finish Type I )
with good wearing quality.
5.1.1.1
On structural/suspended
slabs, monolithic
construction
of
floor finish (finish Type IV ) is fundamentally
more reliable form of
construction from the point of view of bond development and consequently
better wearing properties but this type of construction presents difficulties
in construction
if a close surface tolerance is to be obtained; it is difficult
Moreover as
to obtain proper levels in the smaller thickness of topping.
the finish in such type of construction will be completed much in advance
of the remaining building work it is likely to be damaged or discoloured
due to subsequent building operations;
this can, however, be avoided tg
some extent by covering the finished surface with a 75 mm thick layer of
sand which can be removed after all the building operations are over and
Further when the surface of monolithic topping
floor is ready to be used.
k damaged, its repairs cause difficulties as there is a risk of either the
structural slab being weakened while picking up the surface for repairs,
or the level of floor is likely to be raised to accommodate
extra thickness
required while repairing the surface with a fresh non-monolithic
topping.
Another disadvantage in this type of construction
from practical point of
view is that the time available on any day to the workmen for laying the
finish monolithic with the structural slab is very much restricted.
The
advantage of monolithic topping is that the thickness required is less than
in case of bonded finish thus reducing the materials and the load on the
structure and the cost.
This type of flooring can form a durable and
economical floor finish provided the limitations given above are taken into
account and suitably prQvided for.
5.1.2 Bonded Floor Finish ( Fink
Tyfw II, III, V and VI) - In the case of
bonded construction
where floor finish is laid separately over a set and
hardened base, the topping has to be laid to a greater thickness and the
methods of laying have to be adjusted in such a way as to produce good
bond between the topping and the base, failing which the difference in
composition
between the base and the topping
and the change
in
temperature
and moisture
content
will cause cracking,
curling and
7

$912571- 1970
warping of the floor finish.
The bond between the topping and the base
in this type of construction
can never be as perfect as in the case of
monolithic construction
and there may be slight lifting of floor finish at
corners
of different panels.
In
case of bonded floor finish laid on
structural slabs, the greater thickness of topping also adds to the weight.
of the structure.
5.1.2.1
The advantage of this type of construction is that, as the base
concrete or structural floor is laid much in advance and topping is laid
after all the building operations are over, there is no danger of surface of
the floor finish being damaged
or discoloured
due to other building
operations.
Where this type of finish is laid on structural slabs a very
close surface tolerance can be obtained and there is no dilficulty in
in the finished floor surface
obtaining
proper
levels and gradients
because
of greater
thickness
of topping.
This type of finish is also
suitable where floor finish is to be laid on old concrete or for repairing old
floor finishes.
5.1.2.2
Where very dense and smooth surface is desired, the topping
in this type of finish can be laid in two layers ( finish Types III and VI ).
The under-layer
consisting of a leaner mix is first laid separately
on
hardened base and the wearing layer of very stiff and richer mix, but of
the thickness smaller than that of the under-layer is bonded to the green
concrete of under-layer and finished smooth.
5.1.3 In case of bonded finish on structural
slabs where it is not
possible to obtain proper levels within the thickness of topping, a cushioning layer of about 50 to 75 mm thick lime concrete
is laid and well
Lime concrete
layer may also hc
compacted over the structural slab.
necessary to obtain a level surface over structural floors other than that ot
concrete or for embedding fixtures like pipes, etc.
This will, however, add
to the dead weight of the structure.
5.2 Mix Proportions - Mix proportions for the lo se concrete and the
topping for different types of floor finish shall 5e as specified in Table 3.
NOTE - So far the practice had been to use. 1 : 2 : 4 cement concrete for topping for
bonded finish, but this mix is being increasingly replaced these days by 1
because it gives much better workability and finish.

: 21: 3& mix

5.3 Durability - Concrete floors possess good durability and resistance

to abrasion and wear depending upon the following factors:
a) Choice of aggregate
Hard tough aggregate is essential for
good durability
as well as abrasion
resistance.
b) Water-cement
ratio
Provided the flooring is fully compacted, the
lower
the water-cement
ratio
the greater
the durability
and wear resistance; a lower watercement
ratio
compatible
with
workability is, therefore, essential.

IS : 2571- 1970

c) Density of flooring

Durability is increased in accordance

with the degree of density of finish,
consequently the flooring shall be
well compacted.
The staining on the
floor surface that may result from
absorption of oils is reduced by
increasing the density of floor finish.

d) Curing

Adequate curing is very essential to

ensure good wear resistance.

5.4 Resistance to Attack by Ckemical Reagents - Concrete flooring

is slowly attacked by acids, vegetable oils, fats, sugar solutions and various
other agents; prolonged exposure to these reagents will bring about gradual
deterioration.
5.5 slipperiness
- The slipperiness of concrete flooring depends mainly
upon the surface treatment; when highly polished this type of floor finish
is likely to be slippery. A trowel-finished floor is reasonably non-slip.
Non-slip surfaces may be obtained by trowelling the floor surface or by
providing non-slip inserts.
5.5.1 Floor finish over ramps, stairs and other simil.ar situations, specially if they are liable to get wet, shall be finished in chequered pattern to
make them non-slip.
5.6 Surface Hardening
Solutions - It is not necessary, generally, to
apply any further treatment to the cement concrete floor topping but
dusting may be reduced by the application of one of the surface hardening
solutions of sodium silicate, magnesium silica-fluoride or zinc silica-fluoride
or proprietary materials consisting mainly of one or more of these
compounds. These treatments are likely to need renewal at intervals of
one year. Where proprietary materials are to be used, advice should be
obtained from the manufacturers.
The treatment may be given as
described in Appendix A.
5.7 Size of Panels -Floor

finish shall be divided into suitable panels

so as to reduce the risk of cracking. Size of the panel is governed by the
thickness of floor finish, the type of construction ( monolrthic or bonded
construction ), local conditions of temperature, humidity and the season in
which flooring is laid. For floor finish laid in exposed situations or in hot
and dry climates, the size of the panels shall be smaller as compared to the
floor finish laid in less exposed situations or in cold and humid climates;
the size of panels for integral floor finish can be larger than that of floor
finish laid separately on the hardened base. Generally, no dimension of a
panel shall exceed 4 m in case of floor finish laid monolithically with the
base concrete and 2 m in case of floor finish laid separately on a hardened
base; length of a panel shall not exceed 14 times its breadth.
9

TABLE
TYPE

(1)

REco

SUB-BASE

(2)

SPECIFICATIONS
FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE
FLOOR
FINISHESi
( Clorucs 5.1, 5.2, 5.9, 8.1, 8.2,8.2.4,
9.1,9.2 and 9.3 )
TOPPINO
BASE CONCRETE
L-c----TM
r
Mix Proportion
Minimum
Mix Proportion
i
En&E
Thickness
mm
mm
(6)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MMENDED

A.

lhoroughly consolidated ground covered with 100 to 150

mm well rammed
( preferably coarse )
sand

100

IA

100 mm thick hard

core of dell consolidated ary brick or
stone
aggregate
blinded with MOORUM
(disintegrated
rock )
coarse sand, laYi
over well rammed
sand filling of 100
mm thick

100

IB

Stone
ballast ( 40
mm graded aggregates ) mixed with
locally
available
yellow or red soil or
soft MOORUMin
1 : 1 proportion shall
be compacted
to
about
300
mm
thickness and thosaturated
roughly

100

Concrete

Flooring

Laid Over Ground

20

Cement concrete 1 : 2 SeeFig. 1A. Cement

concrete
toppmg
to 3 ( cement : stone
shall be laid monoof size
aggregate
lithic
with
the
base
475 mm and below
concrete (see also
by volume )
5.1.1 and 8.1)

do

25

do

20

In places such as gmconcrete

Cement
rages where wheel1:2:4
(cement:
ed traffic comes into
fine aggregate : Cocontact
with the
stone aggrearse
flooring the sub-base
gateofsize 125mm
shall have a hard
and below by VOcore over the well
lume )
rammed sand filling.
The cement concrete topping shall
be laid monolithic
with the base concrete (see Fig. 1B)
concrete In the regions havCement
ing expansive soils
I:2 to 3(cement:
like the black cotton
stone aggregate of
soil the sub-base
size 4.75 mm and
shall be laid as dubelow by volume )
cribed ( see Note ).
The topping shall
be laid monolithic
with the base concrete ( ICCFig. 1C )

Cement
concrete
1:4:8
(cement:
fine aggregate : coarse ( stone aggregate
of40 mm and below
by volume )

ts

T-3

I
g??y&

bit

@NCnaTN

c
Mu P&L7

mm
(3)
R.

(4)

TOPPINO
*

Minimum
Thicknau
mm

Mix Proportion

Floor Topping Laid Over Stnsoturul/Suapendad

25

(7)

(6)

(5)

15

!?

REcoluMEND ED SPBU?'ICATZONSFOR DDWBRBNT TYPBS OF CBMBNT

coBERBTB FLOOR lmulsms-CoRkl

Sl&a

concrete
Cement
1:2to3(cement:
stone aggregate of
size 475 mm and
below by volume)

See Fig. 3.
Cement
concrete
shall be Ia%:
_
finished
thic with the strucFor
tural slab.
purpose
this
topping shall
the
be laid
immediately after the StNCtural
concrete has
enough
stiffened
(but is still green )
to allow for the
workmen to tread
over it by placing
planks
(see
Ulso
5.1.1 and 9.1)

TopSee Fig. 4A.

Cement
concrete
ping shall be laid
1 :2*:3f(cement:
over the
fine aggregate : co- directly
_
specially
prepared
arse stone
surface of set and
gate ofsize 12aEZ
hardened
strucand below by votural
slab ( see
lume )
also 5.1.2 and 9.2 )

VI

Under-layer-mfyt
COllCRU!

6 (cement
: iin:
aggregate
: COarsC
stone
aggregate of
size 12.5 mm and
below by volume )

Wearing
layer-15

VII

56 to 75

Lime concrete

same as for
VorVI

SW Fig. 4B. Undcrlayer shall be laid

directly
over
the
specially
prepared
surface of set and
StRlChardened
tural slab. Wearing layer shall then
be laid
over the
green surface
of
under-layer
and
monolifinished
thic with it ( SM
also 5.1.2 and 9.2 )

Wearing
layer-cemcnt concrete 1:2
to 3 ( cement : stone
of size
aggregate
475 mm and below
by volume )
See Fig. 5. Cushioning
layer of lime
concrete
shall be
laid over the pre
surface of
pared
structural /suspended slab.
Cement
concrete
topping
shall be laid as for
V or VI (see also
5.X.3
and
9.3).
Lime concrete shall

Up: 2571.1970
BASE

CONCRETE
CEMENT
CONCRETE
TOPPING
LAID
MONOLITHICALLY
WITH
THE
BASE
CONCRETE

L SAND

F ILLING

1A WITHOUT

HARD

CORE

SUB-BASE

MAR0 CORE OF DRY BRICX

OR STONE
BALlAS
BASE
CONCRETE
CEMENT
CONCRETE
TOPPING
LAID

18 WITH
EMENT

HARD

CONCRETE

BASE

CORE

SUB-BASE

TOPPING

CONCRETE

%%%-E
BALLAST
VELLOW
OR RED
SOFT
MOORUM

20

t4?i?6
SOIL

WITH
OR

1C SUB-BASE
FOR
HAVlNG EXPANSIVE

lr

e CONSOLIOATEO
GROUND

REGIONS
SOIL

All dimenaiom in millimetrca.

Fro. 1

MONOLITHIC
FLOORFINISH( OVER GROUND
)
14

Br2S71-1970
WEARING LAYER OF CEMENT
CONCRETE MIX 1:2 TO 3
FINISHED MONOLITHICALLY
WllH UNDER-LAYER

L CONSOLlOAlEO GROUND -I
SAND FILLING

SAND FILLING

1
BASE CONCRETE

BASE CONCRETE
2A Topplng

Laid in Single
FIG.

2B Topping

Layer

Laid in Two

Layers

BONDED FLOOR FINISH OVER GROUND

CEMENT CONCRETE TOPPING
FINISHED MONOLITHICALLY
WITH THE STRUCTURAL
SLAB

1
15mm

LSTRUCTURAL
FIG.

SLAB

FLOOR FINISH LAID

MONOLITHICALLY WITH THE

STRUCTURAL SL.AB
WEARING LAYER OF CEMENT
CONCRETE MIX 1:2 TO 3
FINISHED MONOLITHICALLY
WITH UNDER-LAYER
m

L STRUCTURAL
4A Topping
FIG.

Laid In Single

Layer

SLAB

hNDER-LAYER
OF
CEMENT CONCRETE
MIX 1:3:6
4B Topping

Laid in Two

Layers

BONDED FLOOR FINISH OVER STRUCTURAL SLAB

15

ISt2571-1970
CEMENT

CONCRETE

TOPPING

LIME
CONCRETE
CUSHIONING
LAYER

I- 25

LSTRUCTURAL

5A

TOPPING

-CEMENT

LAID

IN

SLAB

SI?lGLE

CONCRETE

LAYER

TOPPING

-UNDER-LAYER
OF
CEMENT
CONCRETE

CUSHIONING

58

TOPPING

LAID

All dimensions
FIG.

LAVER

IN

TWO

LAYERS

in millimetrcs.

FLOOR FINISHON STRUCTURAL SLAB LAID OVER

LAYER ix LYME CONCRETE
16

CUSHIONING

IS t 2571.1970
5.7.1 The joints

skirtings.

in the floor finish shall extend through the borders and

If the skirting is laid monolithic with the flooring, a border

of about 300 mm width must be provided alround the floor.

The width
of border provided around the floor when the skirting is not monolithic
with floor finish shall not exceed 450 mm.
5.7.2 Construction
joints between
bays
placed over any joints in the base concrete.

of the

floor finish should

be

5.8 Protection Agahst Dampness - The layer of sand provided under

the base concrete will generally
serve the purpose
of damp-proofing
required for ordinary floors under normal conditions.
However, in more
severe conditions, where it is expected that the dampness may find its way
on the top of the floor in the course of usage of floor, a more effective
damp-proof treatment shall be given underneath the floor by either of the
methods given bdow:
a) Laying the base concrete in two layers of thickness not less than
75 mm each and painting the top of the lower layer with two
coats of hot bitumen of the industrial grade 85125 conforming to
IS : 702-1961* applied at the rate of ,1*5 kg/m2. The surface of
the lower layer shall be finished smooth while laying the concrete
The bitumen shall be
so that bitumen can be applied uniformly.
applied after the concrete has set and is sufficiently hard.
b) Sandwiching a waterproofing membrane, such as bituminous felt
in the base concrete laid in two layers of thickness 75 mm each,
The surface of the lower layer shall be finished smooth while
laying the concrete so as to provide an even surface and thus
prevent damage to the surface of waterproofing membrane.
5.8.1 Where. it is expected that the dampness may find its way from the
surrounding walls,. the same shall also be effectively damp-proofed up to at
least 150 mm above the level of the base or sub-floor, and the damp-proof
treatment below the floor shall be extended
over the walls.
Basement
floors shall be damp-proofed
according to recommendations
of IS : 16091966t.
5.8 Finish Over StairsThe mix for finish over stairs shall be the same
as for topping specified in 5.1 ( see aho Table 3 ). Risers shall be finished
with the minimum
thic ness necessary td give an even surface to the
structural
concrete.
For this purpose, 6 mm thick mortar finish will
generally be sufficient, but thickness up to 10 mm may be provided where
Thickthe surface of the structural concrete is found to be very uneven.
ness of the finish at treads shall be not less than 20 mm for monolithic
finish, and not less than 40 mm for finish laid over the Ylardened
concrete.
-*Specification for industrial bitumen ( revised).

t&de of practice for laying damp-proof treatment using bitumen felts (first rruirien).
17

IS I 2571.1970
6. PROGRAMME

fi
OF WORE

6.1 Before the flooring

have been completed:

work is taken

completion
a>The
services affecting

IN RELATION

TO FLOOR

up, the following

operations

FINISH
should

of all pieliminary
operations, such as laying of
the schedule of commencement
and completion

of flooring; and
Plastering
all the inside walls, ceilings and outside walls, and
fixing of door frames in place.. All heavy work in the room may
be completed.

6.2 The sub-floor or base shall be finished to a reasonably true plane surface
to a level which is lower than the level of the finished floor by the depth
occupied by the thickness of the topping.
The desired slope may be
provided, where possible, in the base or sub-floor.
6.3 Before the floor finish work is started, all points or level for the finished
surface shall be marked out.
Wherever slope in finished floors is desired,
points of level and outlets shall he correctly marked and outlet openings
made beforehand.
7. PREPARATORY

WORK

7.1 Handling
and Storage of Materials
- Clean and dry storage shall
be provided at the site for all the materials.
Cement shall not be stored
in open.
The materials shall be stored in accordance
with IS: 48821967*.
7.2 Mixing

of Materials

7.2.1 The aggregate

and cement shall be thoroughly
and efficiently
mixed.
Mixing shall be done using a mechanical mixer.
Manual mixing
may be permitted when Lhe quantity
of concrete mixed is small.
The
concrete shall be as stiff as possible and the amount of water added shall
be minimum
necessary to give just sufficient plasticity
for laying and
compacting.
For improving
the workability
of the mix, thorough mixing
rather than addition of more water shall be resorted to. Thorough+nixing
will improve the workability
even for a very stiff mix and thus facilitate
High water-cement
ratio will increase the drying shrinkage
hetter finish.
and decrease the strength, water-tightness
and abrasive resistance of the
concrete.
7.2.2 The mix shall be used in the work within
addition of water for its preparation.

half-an-hour

*Recommendations on stacking and storage of construction materials at site.

18

of the

IS t 2571- 197Q
8. LAYING

CONCRETE

FLOORING

8.1 Floor Finish Laid Monolithically

( Finish Types I, IA and IS, Table 3 )
8.1.1
that
then
than
as a

Preparation

ON GROUND
with

the

Base

Concrete

?f Sub-base

8.1.1.1
The ground or earth filling shall be thoroughly
compacted
so
there are no loose pockets left anywhere
in the whole area.
This shall
bc covered with clean sand well consolidated
to a thickness
of not less
100 mm. Great cart is necessary
in the preparation
of the sub-base,
settlement
in the sub-base may cause the failure of the whole floor.

8.1.1.2
In situations,
such as garrages
where
wheeled
traffic comes
into contact
with the flooring,
sub-base
shall consist of well compacted
sand layer of 100 mm thick
and an additional
100 mm thick
well
compacted
hard core of dry brick or stone ballast ( 40 mm size ) blinded
with MOORUA4
( disintegrated
rock ) or coarse sand.
8.1.1.3
In the cast of expansive
soils, like black cotton soil, stone
ballast ( 40 mm graded aggregates
) mixed with locally available
yellow or
red soil or soft MOORUM
in 1 : 1 proportion
shall bc compacted
to about
300 mm thickness
and thoroughly
saturated
with water.
This surface
should
bc further
covered
with another
200 mm thick layer of soft
MOORUM
or cinder or sand and compacted
properly
before laying the
Special care is necessary
in consolidation
of the ground
as
base conr-ete.
otherwise
the settlement
of sub-base
may cause cracking
of the whole
floor.
8.1.2 Laying the BaseThe area to be paved
shall be divided
into
This shall be
suitable panels keeping in view the limits specified
in 5.7.
done by fixing screed
strips,
the depth
of which shall be equal to the
combined
thickness
of the base concrete
and the topping.
Before being
laid in position the screed strip shall preferably
be coated with a thick coat
of lime wash so as to prevent
them from sticking to the concrete
deposited
in the panels.
8.1.2.1
Before placing
the base concrete,
the sub-base
shall be pro_
perly wetted.
The concrete
shall then be deposited
between
the screed
tamped
and the surface scrccded
uniformly
below the
strips, thoroughly
desired finished grade of flooring to accommodate
the required
thickness
of
Any slope desired
in the floor finish shall be given in the base
topping.
The surface
shall not be finished
smooth
but kept rough to
concrete.
provide adequacc- bond for the topping.
8.1.3 Laying the Toppiq - On the clean,. srecn
surfat e of the base
concrete,
the topping
shall be placed in posltlon
as soon as possible but
generally
not later than tmw or three hours of laying the ba$e coucr(te
deprnding
upon
the temperature
and the atmospheric
collditions.
1hC
basz concrete
at the time of laying the topping
shall be still green but

19

'IS:2571
-1970
sufficiently
firm
on its surface.

to enable

the workmen

to work

over it by placing

planks

8.1.3.1
The concrete
mix for the topping
shall be deposited
on the
base concrete
in the screecl strips already laid and thoroughly
compacted
Glass or aluminium
strips may be provided
for
to the finished thickness.
effective
separation
of panels and to provide straight edges and corners for
The mix for the topping
the panels where good workn-znship
is required.
shall bc stiff enough
to prevent
accumulation
of any excess water
or
laitance
on the surface.
If water or laitance
ri\es to the surface
when
consolidatin::
( whit-II indicates that too much of water has been used in the
preparation
of co:l:~t~
) the concrete
should preferably
be scraped
and
replaced
by a fi-csll u:lx.
If it is desired
to absorb surplus water for any
reason,
it should
IX mopped
up; it should on no account
be absorbed
by
spreading
dry crmcnt.
The toppi,g shall then be floated
with a wooden
float to rencler the surface
even and after the surface is slightly hardened,
it shall IX finished smooth as described
in 8.1.3.2.
8.1.3.2 Finishiq
the surface - r2fter
the concrete
has
been
fully
compacted
it shall bc finished
by trowelling
or floating.
Finishing
operations shall start shortly after the compaction
of concrete and shall bc spread
over the period of one to six hours depending
upon the temperature
and
atmospheric
conditiona.
The surface
shall be trowelled
three
times at
intervals
so as to produce
a uniform
and hard surface.
The satisfactory
resistance
of floor to wear depends
largely
upon
the care with which
trowelling
is carried out.
The object of trowelling
is to produce
as hard
and close knit a surface as possible.
The time interval allowed between
successive
trowelling5
is every important.
Immediately
after laying
only:
just sufficient
troweilili ,y shall be done to give a level surface.
Excessive
trowelling
in the ca&sr stages shall bc avoided as this tends to work a layer
rich in cement
to tile surface.
Sometime,
after the first trowelling,
the
duration
depcncliug
upon the tcmpcrature,
atmospheric
conditions
and the
rate of set of cement
u$ed, the surface shall be retrowelled
to close any
pores in the smfacc, a~1 to bring to surface and scrap off any excess water
in concrete
or laitance
( it shall not be trowelled
back into the topping).
The final trowclliua
shall IX do:le well before the concrete
has become
too
hard but at sucll a timr that considerable
pressure is required
to make any
Trowelling
of a rich mix of dry cement and fine
impression
on the surface.
aggregate
on to the surface shall not be permitted.
8.1.4 The base concrete
and the topping
shall be laid in alternate
panels,
the i:ltermcdiate
panels
being filled in after one to t\ro days
dependin,?
upon
the temperature
and
atmospheric
conditions.
The
screed strip? sholl!cl IX removed
the next day after the concrete
has been
deposited
in t!l;, panels and the e?ges of panels shall be examined
for any
honeycombing
or undulation
which,
if found, shall be repaired
straight
and smooth by cement mortar.
If the intermediate
panels are not to be
filled the next day the screed strips shall then be cleaned
and put back
20

1St2571-1970
against the edges of panels till the concrete in the alternate panels is to be
deposited.
When the concrete is being deposited in the alternate panels
When the concrete is being compacted
the screed strips shall be removed.
in new panels, care shall be taken to avoid damage to the panels already
laid.
If glass or aiuminium strips are provided for effective separation of
panels the base concrete and the topping may be laid in all the panels
simultaneously.
8.2 Floor Finish Laid
Separately
( Finish Type II, Table 3 )
8.2.1 Preparation of Sub-base - The
cribed in 8.1.1.1,8.1.1.2
and 8.1.1.3.

on

Hardened

sub-base

Concrete

shall be prepared

Base
as des-

8.2.2 Laying the Base Concrete - The base concrete may be deposited in
the whole area at a stretch.
Before placing the concrete the sub-base shall
be properly wetted and rammed.
The concrete shall then be deposited
betlveen the forms, where necessary, thoroughly tamped and the surface
finished level with the top edges of the forms. The surface of base concrete
shall be left rough to provide adequate bond for the topping.
Two or
three hours after the concrete has been laid in position, the surfice shall be
brushed_$th
a hard brush to remove any scum or laitance and swept
clean so that the coarse aggregate is exposed.
8.2.3 Laying the Topping-Bet&e
the operation for laying the topping
Started the surface of base concrete shall be thoroughly cleaned of all
dirt, loose particles, caked mortar droppings, and laitance,
if any, by
scrubbing with coir or steel wire brush.
Where the concrete has hardene,d
so much that roughening of surface by wire brush is not possible, the entire
surface shall be roughened by chipping or hacking.
Before laying the
topping, the surface shall b c soaked with water, at least for twelve hours
and surplus water shall be removed by mopping immediately
before the
topping i5 laid in position.
1s

8.2.3.1
The scrzed strips sha!l be fixed over the base concrete dividing
it into suitable panels as recommended
in 5.6.
The screed strips shall be
so arranged that the joints, if any, in the base concrete shall coincide with
Before placing the concrete mix for topping,
the joints in the topping.
neat cement slurry shall be thoroughly brushed into the prepared surface
of the base concrete just ahead of the finish.
The topping shall then be
laid, very thoroughly tamped, struck off level and the furface floated with
a woode:i float.
The surface shall be tested with th? straight-edge
and
masons spirit-level to detect any inequalities in the surface which, if any,
shall be made .good immediately.
The finish shall bc laid in alternate
panels as dcscrlbed
in 8.1.4 for topping laid monolithic with the base
concrete.
8.2.3.2
Finishing the surfke - The surface shall be fininshed as given
in 8.1.3.2.
21

IS : 25711197Q
8.2.4 Laying the To#ting in Two Lawyers- Where the topping is to be l&d
in two layers to obtain very smooth and dense finish ( see Finish Type III,
Table 3 ), the sub-base, base concrete and under-layer of topping shall be
laid as described in 8.2.1 to 8.2.3 with the exception that the surface of the
concrete in the under-layer of topping shall not be finished smooth with a
trowel but left rough after tamping it and levelling it with screed board.
8.2.4.1
The top 15 mm thick wearing layer of mix 1 : 2 to 3 cement
concrete ( depending upon the quality of finish and abrasive resistance
desired ) of consistency stiffer than that of under-layer concrete shall then
be immediately laid over the rough but green surface of under-layer,
and
thoroughly tamped, struck off level, and the surface floated with wooden
float.
The surface shall then be tested with a straight-edge
and masons
spirit-level to detect any undulation in the surface which, if any, shall be
made good immediately.
The surface shall then be finished smooth in
accordance+ with 8.1.3.2.
9. LAYING

FLOOR

TOPPING

ON SUSPENDED

9.1 Floor Topping Laid Monolithically

pended Slab ( Finish Type IV, Table 3 )

with

SLABS
the

Structural/Sus-

9.1.1 The form-work for structural slab shall be erected to the finished
thickness of floor finish.
Structural, concrete shall be deposited in the.
forms, thoroughly consolidated
and surface finished below the top edge of
the form to accommodate
the required thickness of the topping_ Any slope
required in the floor finish shall be given in the structural concrete itself,
and any laitance or scum shall be brushed away from thr surface of
concrete when it is still green. The surface shall not be finished smooth but
kept rough to provide an adequate bond for the topping.
4
9.1.2 On the green surface of the str&tural
concrete, topping shall be
placed in position immediately
after the structural concrete has stiffened
enough ( but is still plastic ) to allow for the workmen to tread over it by
placing planks.
Laitance
and foreign matter, if any, shall hc removed
before the topping is placed in position.
The topping shall bc thoroughly
campacted and screeded to the finished grade.
The mix for the structural
concrete as well as the topping shall be as stiff as possible consistent with
workability so as to prevent accumulation
of excess of water or laitance on
the surface.
The topping shall then be floated with a wooden float to
render the surface even.
After the surface is lightly hardened, it shall be
finished in accordance with 8.1.3,2.
9.2 Floor Topping Laid Directly
over the Hardened
Suspended Slab ( Finish Types V and VI, Table 3 )

Structural/

9.2.1 Preparation of Surface of Structural/SusperzdedSIab - When the toppirlg

is to be laid separately but directly over the structural slab without any
22

IS : 2571.1970

cukhionihg layer, the structural concrete, 3 to 4 hours after its laying in the
forms, shall be thoroughly brushed with a coir or steel wire brush to
remove any scum or laitance and swept clean to expose the coarse aggregates and leave the surface rough.
9.2.2 Laying To#Gng -Before
the operation
of laying the topping is
started the surface of structural slab shall be thoroughly cleaned of the
dirt, loose particles, cake mortar droppings and laitance, if any, by scrubbing with coir or steel wire brush.
Where the concrete has hardened so
much that roughening of surface by wire brush is not possible, the entire
surface shall be roughened by chipping or hacking.
9.2.3 The screed strips shall then be fixed over the structural
slab
dividing it into suitable panels as recommended
in 5.7.
Immediately
before depositing the concrete for the topping, neat cement slurry shall be
thoroughly brushed into the prepared surface of the structural slab, just
ahead of the finish.
The topping shall then be laid, thoroughly tamped,
struck off level and surface floated with a wooden float.
The surface shall
then be tested with a straight-edge
and masons spirit-level to detect any
inequalities and undulations in surface which, if any, shall be made good
immediately,
The finish shall be laid in alternate panels as described
in 8.1.4 and other laying and finishing operations shall be done as in 8.2.3
and 8.2.4 depending upon whether the topping is to be laid in single or
two layers.
9.3 Floor
(Table3)

Topping

Laid

oyer Cushioning

Layer

of Lime

Concrete

9.3.1 Preparing the Sub-Joor- Before laying the lime concrete, the surface
of sub-floor shall be thoroughly cleaned of dirt, loose particles and laitance
( in case of RCC slabs ) by scrubbing with steel wire brushes.
The surface
shall then be thoroughly cleaned and soaked with water overnight and
surplus water removed by mopping immediately
before lime concrete
is laid in position.
On the clean damp surface of sub-floor, lime concrete
shall then be evenly spread between forms, if necessary,
thoroughly
In the preparation and laying of lime concrete the
tamped and levelied.
relevant provisions of IS : 2541-1965*
shall, as far as possible, be followed.
9.3.2 Laying the Top&kg - Before laying the topping, surface of lime
concrete shall be thoroughly cleaned and prepared as recommended
for
base concrete
in 8.2.2
and 8.2.3.
Immediately
before spreading
the
concrete for topping, the surface shall be brushed with a thin layer of neat
cement slurry.
The topping whether in single or two layers shall then be
laid as given in 8.2.3 and 8.2.4.
10. FLOOR

FINgSH OVER

STAIRS

concrete has set, the form-work for

and landings shall be struck, laitance removed and the
-*code of practice for use of lime concrete in buildings.

10.1
risers

Risers- After the structural

of stairs

23

IS : 2571~ 1970
surface of risers left rough to provide adequate bond for the finish.
risers shall then be finished with 1 : 3 cement mortar ( see 5.9 ).
10.2 Treads - Finishing to landings and stair treads shall be carried
as described for flooring in 9.1 and 9.2.

The
ovt

Il. CURING
11.1 Immediately after the flooring surface is finished it shall bc protected
from rapid drying by erecting barriers against wind or draught and strong
sunlight.
As soon as the surface has hardened
sufficiently
to prevent
damage to it, it shall be kept continuously moist for at least fifteen days by
means of wet gunny bags, 50 mm thick layers of dxmp sancl spread over
the surface or pooling water on the surface.
During this period the
flooring shall not be exposed to any traffic.
Regular traffic on the floor
should be allowed only after 28 days.
12. INSPECTION AND TESTING

12.1 Adhesion to the Base or Sub-floor-The

adhesion
between
topping and the base may be examined by tapping the surface \\ith the end
of a rod or a hammer.
A hollow sound indicates poor adhesion.
12.2 Loss of adhesion does not necessarily mean that the floor finish
is unsuitable except when it is accompanied
by visible curling ot the edges
of panels or cracks.
Occasionally
there is no lipping but the panel edges
are noticeably higher than the centres of panels.
In these circumstances
the flooring may deflect and break under the loads likely to be imposed in
use and must be considered unsuitable.
Where the flooring is considered
to be unsatisfactory,
the topping concrete
and any loo>e concrete in
the base ,concrete shall be cut out and the base concrete keyed suficiently to allow a sound renewal to be made.
It is prcfcrabic
a;ld \vill
probably
be necessary,
owing to the possible loosening
of adjacent
work by vibration,
to renew the whole of the panel or paltcls where
such defects occur.

APPENDIX
( Clause 5.6 )

SURFACE TREATMENT TO CEMENT CONCRETE

FLOOR TOPPING
A-l.

CLEANING THE SURFACE

A-l.1 The top surface of the concrete should bc clean ant1 free from
grease or oil to enable the hardening solutions to pcnctrate.
Sweeping to
24

removedust and dirt may be adequate only in some cases of new floors
and additional cleaning may be necessary. The top surf&e shall be wetted
with water and scrubbed with coir or steel wire brush and thoroughly
cleaned by washing with clean water. The floor should be allowed to dry
so that the hardening solution can be absorbed into the surface.
Ar2. TREATMENTS
A-2.1 Sodium Silicate-Asolution containing one art by volume of
sodium silicate and four to six parts of water shoulx be spread evenly
over the concrete top surface with a mop or soft brush. Any excess
material should be wiped off and the floor allowed to dry. After the
floor has been washed with clean water, a second coat, containing one
part of sodium silicate to three or four parts of water, should be applied,
and this should be allowed. to dry similarly. A third coat may be applied
after washing if the floor .isstill porous. After drying, the floor should be
washed with hot clean water. Effective results are obtained if the treatment is appiied seven to ten days after the end of curing.

-The crystals of magnesium s&o-fluoride or of

A-2.2 Silk-Fluoride
zinc silica-fluoride should be dissolved in water at the rate of Cl g/cm* for
the first coat and @2 g/cm for subsequent coats. Three coats are usually
applied at 24 hour intervals. .There IS no need to wash the top surface oi
the floor between coats, but it is advisable to wash with clean water after
the final treatment.
A-2.5 Dry&g OH rpd Surface Sealerm -Drying
oils, either neat or
thiied with turpentiue or white spirit, or surkce sealer+ may be applied
to the top surf&e by brushing. Any excess should be wiped off about two
hours tier applicatson.
112.4 Calcium chloride shall not be used with high ahunina cement.

25

BUREAU

OF INDIAN

STANDARDS

Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
Telephones: 323 0131, 323 3375, 323 9402
Fax :91113234062,
91113239399.
91113239382
Telegrams : Manaksanstha
(Common to all Offices)
Central Laboratory:

Telephone

Plot No. 2019, Site IV, Sahibabad

Regional

Industrial

Area, SAHIBABAD

201010

Offices:

: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002

: l/l4 CIT Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA700054

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Eastern

8-77 00 32

Northern

: SC0

335-336,

Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH

160022

337 86 62
60 38 43

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tWestern : Manakalaya, E9 Behind Marol Telephone Exchange, Andheri (East),
Southern

MUMBAI

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400093

Branch Offices:
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Nurmohamed

Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD

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BANGALORE 560058
Gangotri

Complex,

5th Floor, Bhadbhada

Kalaikathir

Buildings. 670 Avinashi

Savitri Complex.

751001

116 G. T. Road, GHAZIABAD

55 40 21
40 36 27

Road, COEMBATORE 641037

Road, FARlDABAD

550 13 48
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Road, T. T. Nagar, BHOPAL 462003

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380001

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201001

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500001

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37 29 25

208005

21 68 76

Seth Bhawan, 2nd Floor. Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Kishore Road,
LUCKNOW 226001

23 89 23

Patliputra

26 23 05

Industrial

Estate, PATNA 800013

T. C. No. 14/1421. University

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
NIT Building, Second
Institution

of Engineers

P. 0. Palayam,
695034

Floor. Gokulpat Market, NAGPUR 440010

( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, PUNE 411005

Sales Office is at 5 Chowringhee

CALCUTTA 700072
tSales

6 21 17

Approach,

Office is at Novelty Chambers.

52 51 71
32 36 35

P. 0. Princep Street,
27 10 85

Grant Road, MUMBAl

*Sales Office is at F Block, Unity Building, Narashimaraja

BANGiALORE 560002

400007

Square,

309 65 28
222 39 71

Printed al New India Printing Press, Khurja, India