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Home (http://www.qubole.com/) > Hive Function Cheat Sheet

Hive Function Cheat Sheet

(http://qubole2.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/hive-function-cheatsheet.pdf)

Hive Function Meta commands

SHOW FUNCTIONS lists Hive functions and operators
DESCRIBE FUNCTION [function name] displays short description
of the function
DESCRIBE FUNCTION EXTENDED [function name] access extended
description of the function

Types of Hive Functions

UDF is a function that takes one or more columns from a row as
argument and returns a single value or object. Eg: concat(col1, col2)
UDTF takes zero or more inputs and and produces multiple
columns or rows of output. Eg: explode()
Macros a function that users other Hive functions.

Hive Function Cheat Sheet

Date Functions
Mathematical Functions
String Functions
Collection Functions
UDAF
UDTF
Conditional Functions
Functions for Text Analytics

How To Develop UDFs

package org.apache.hadoop.hive.contrib.udf.example;

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import java.util.Date;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.UDF;
@Description(name = "YourUDFName",
value = "_FUNC_(InputDataType) - using the input datatype X argument, "+
"returns YYY.",
extended = "Example:\n"
+ " > SELECT _FUNC_(InputDataType) FROM tablename;")
public class YourUDFName extends UDF{
..
public YourUDFName( InputDataType InputValue ){
..;
}
public String evaluate( InputDataType InputValue ){
..;
}
}

How To Develop UDFs, GenericUDFs, UDAFs, and UDTFs

public class YourUDFName extends UDF{
public class YourGenericUDFName extends GenericUDF {..}
public class YourGenericUDAFName extends AbstractGenericUDAFResolver {..}
public class YourGenericUDTFName extends GenericUDTF {..}

How To Deploy / Drop UDFs

At start of each session:

ADD JAR /full_path_to_jar/YourUDFName.jar;

CREATE TEMPORARY FUNCTION YourUDFName AS 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.contrib.udf.example.

At the end of each session:

DROP TEMPORARY FUNCTION IF EXISTS YourUDFName;

Date Functions
The following built-in date functions are supported in hive:
Return
Ty p e

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N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

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Ty p e

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N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

string

from_unixtime(bigint unixtime[,
string format])

Converts the number of seconds from unix

epoch (1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC) to a string
representing the timestamp of that moment
in the current system time zone in the
format of 1970-01-01 00:00:00

bigint

unix_timestamp()

Gets current time stamp using the default

time zone.

bigint

unix_timestamp(string date)

Converts time string in format yyyy-MM-dd

HH:mm:ss to Unix time stamp, return 0 if
fail: unix_timestamp(2009-03-20 11:30:01) =
1237573801

bigint

unix_timestamp(string date,
string pattern)

Convert time string with given pattern to

Unix time stamp, return 0 if fail:
unix_timestamp(2009-03-20, yyyy-MM-dd)
= 1237532400

string

to_date(string timestamp)

Returns the date part of a timestamp string:

to_date(1970-01-01 00:00:00) =
1970-01-01

int

year(string date)

Returns the year part of a date or a

timestamp string: year(1970-01-01
00:00:00) = 1970, year(1970-01-01) = 1970

int

month(string date)

Returns the month part of a date or a

timestamp string: month(1970-11-01
00:00:00) = 11, month(1970-11-01) = 11

int

day(string date)
dayofmonth(date)

Return the day part of a date or a timestamp

string: day(1970-11-01 00:00:00) = 1,
day(1970-11-01) = 1

int

hour(string date)

Returns the hour of the timestamp:

hour(2009-07-30 12:58:59) = 12,
hour(12:58:59) = 12

int

minute(string date)

Returns the minute of the timestamp

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Return
Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

int

second(string date)

Returns the second of the timestamp

int

weekofyear(string date)

Return the week number of a timestamp

string: weekofyear(1970-11-01 00:00:00) =
44, weekofyear(1970-11-01) = 44

int

datediff(string enddate, string

startdate)

Return the number of days from startdate to

enddate: datediff(2009-03-01, 2009-02-27)
=2

string

date_add(string startdate, int

days)

Add a number of days to startdate:

date_add(2008-12-31, 1) = 2009-01-01

string

date_sub(string startdate, int

days)

Subtract a number of days to startdate:

date_sub(2008-12-31, 1) = 2008-12-30

timestamp

from_utc_timestamp(timestamp,
string timezone)

Assumes given timestamp ist UTC and

converts to given timezone (as of Hive 0.8.0)

timestamp

to_utc_timestamp(timestamp,
string timezone)

Assumes given timestamp is in given

timezone and converts to UTC (as of
Hive 0.8.0)

Mathematical Functions

The following built-in mathematical functions are supported in hive; most return NULL when the argument(
are NULL:

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R e t u r n Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

BIGINT

round(double a)

Returns the rounded BIGINT value of the double

DOUBLE

round(double a, int d)

Returns the double rounded to d decimal places

BIGINT

oor(double a)

Returns the maximum BIGINT value that is

equal or less than the double

BIGINT

ceil(double a), ceiling(double

a)

Returns the minimum BIGINT value that is equa

or greater than the double

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R e t u r n Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

double

rand(), rand(int seed)

Returns a random number (that changes from

row to row) that is distributed uniformly from 0
to 1. Speciying the seed will make sure the
generated random number sequence is
deterministic.

double

exp(double a)

Returns ea where e is the base of the natural

logarithm

double

ln(double a)

Returns the natural logarithm of the argument

double

log10(double a)

Returns the base-10 logarithm of the argument

double

log2(double a)

Returns the base-2 logarithm of the argument

double

log(double base, double a)

Return the base base logarithm of the

argument

double

pow(double a, double p),

power(double a, double p)

Return ap

double

sqrt(double a)

Returns the square root of a

string

bin(BIGINT a)

Returns the number in binary format

string

hex(BIGINT a) hex(string a)

If the argument is an int, hex returns the

number as a string in hex format. Otherwise if
the number is a string, it converts each
character into its hex representation and
returns the resulting string.

string

unhex(string a)

Inverse of hex. Interprets each pair of

characters as a hexidecimal number and
converts to the character represented by the
number.

string

conv(BIGINT num, int

from_base, int to_base),
conv(STRING num, int
from_base, int to_base)

Converts a number from a given base to

another

double

abs(double a)

Returns the absolute value

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R e t u r n Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

int double

pmod(int a, int b)
pmod(double a, double b)

Returns the positive value of a mod b

double

sin(double a)

Returns the sine of a (a is in radians)

double

asin(double a)

Returns the arc sin of x if -1<=a<=1 or null

otherwise

double

cos(double a)

Returns the cosine of a (a is in radians)

double

acos(double a)

Returns the arc cosine of x if -1<=a<=1 or null

otherwise

tan(double
a)

tan(double a)

Returns the tangent of a (a is in radians)

double

atan(double a)

Returns the arctangent of a

double

degrees(double a)

Converts value of a from radians to degrees

double

radians(double a)

Converts value of a from degrees to radians

int double

positive(int a), positive(double

a)

Returns a

int double

negative(int a),
negative(double a)

Returns -a

oat

sign(double a)

Returns the sign of a as 1.0 or -1.0

double

e()

Returns the value of e

double

pi()

Returns the value of pi

String Functions
The following are built-in String functions are supported in hive:

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R e t u r n Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

int

ascii(string str)

Returns the numeric value of

the rst character of str

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R e t u r n Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

string

concat(string|binary A,
string|binary B)

Returns the string or bytes

resulting from concatenating
the strings or bytes passed in
as parameters in order. e.g.
concat(foo, bar) results in
foobar. Note that this function
can take any number of input
strings.

array<struct<string,double>>

context_ngrams(array<array>,
array, int K, int pf)

Returns the top-k contextual

N-grams from a set of
tokenized sentences, given a
string of context.
See StatisticsAndDataMining fo
more information.

string

concat_ws(string SEP, string A,

string B)

Like concat() above, but with

custom separator SEP.

string

concat_ws(string SEP, array)

Like concat_ws() above, but

taking an array of strings. (as o
Hive 0.9.0)

int

nd_in_set(string str, string

strList)

Returns the rst occurance of

str in strList where strList is a
comma-delimited string.
Returns null if either argument
is null. Returns 0 if the rst
argument contains any
commas. e.g. nd_in_set(ab,
abc,b,ab,c,def) returns 3

string

format_number(number x, int
d)

Formats the number X to a

format like #,###,###.##,
rounded to D decimal places,
and returns the result as a
string. If D is 0, the result has
no decimal point or fractional
part. (as of Hive 0.10.0)

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R e t u r n Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

string

get_json_object(string
json_string, string path)

Extract json object from a json

string based on json path
specied, and return json strin
of the extracted json object. It
will return null if the input json
string is invalid.NOTE: The json
path can only have the
characters [0-9a-z_], i.e., no
upper-case or special
characters. Also, the keys
*cannot start with numbers.*
This is due to restrictions on
Hive column names.

boolean

in_le(string str, string

lename)

Returns true if the string str

appears as an entire line in
lename.

int

instr(string str, string substr)

Returns the position of the rs

occurence of substr in str

int

length(string A)

Returns the length of the strin

int

locate(string substr, string

str[, int pos])

Returns the position of the rs

occurrence of substr in str afte
position pos

string

lower(string A) lcase(string A)

string

lpad(string str, int len, string

pad)

Returns str, left-padded with

pad to a length of len

string

ltrim(string A)

Returns the string resulting

from trimming spaces from the
beginning(left hand side) of A
e.g. ltrim( foobar ) results in
foobar

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R e t u r n Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

array<struct<string,double>>

ngrams(array<array >, int N,

int K, int pf)

Returns the top-k N-grams from

a set of tokenized sentences,
such as those returned by the
sentences() UDAF.
See StatisticsAndDataMining fo
more information.

string

parse_url(string urlString,
string partToExtract [, string
keyToExtract])

Returns the specied part from

the URL. Valid values for
partToExtract include HOST,
PATH, QUERY, REF, PROTOCOL,
AUTHORITY, FILE, and
USERINFO. e.g.
parse_url(http://facebook.com
/path1/p.php?k1=v1&
k2=v2#Ref1, HOST) returns
facebook.com. Also a value of
a particular key in QUERY can
be extracted by providing the
key as the third argument, e.g.
parse_url(http://facebook.com
/path1/p.php?k1=v1&
k2=v2#Ref1, QUERY, k1)
returns v1.

string

printf(String format, Obj

args)

Returns the input formatted

according do printf-style forma
strings (as of Hive 0.9.0)

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R e t u r n Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

string

regexp_extract(string subject,
string pattern, int index)

Returns the string extracted

using the pattern. e.g.
regexp_extract(foothebar,
foo(.*?)(bar), 2) returns bar.
Note that some care is
necessary in using predened
character classes: using \s as
the second argument will
match the letter s; s is
necessary to match whitespace
etc. The index parameter is th
Java regex Matcher group()
method index. See docs/api
/java/util/regex/Matcher.html
for more information on the
index or Java regex group()
method.

string

regexp_replace(string
INITIAL_STRING, string
PATTERN, string
REPLACEMENT)

Returns the string resulting

from replacing all substrings in
INITIAL_STRING that match the
java regular expression syntax
dened in PATTERN with
instances of REPLACEMENT, e.g
regexp_replace(foobar,
oo|ar, ) returns fb. Note
that some care is necessary in
using predened character
classes: using \s as the second
argument will match the letter
s; s is necessary to match
whitespace, etc.

string

repeat(string str, int n)

Repeat str n times

string

reverse(string A)

Returns the reversed string

string

rpad(string str, int len, string

pad)

Returns str, right-padded with

pad to a length of len

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R e t u r n Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

string

rtrim(string A)

Returns the string resulting

from trimming spaces from the
end(right hand side) of A e.g.
rtrim( foobar ) results in
foobar

array<array>

sentences(string str, string

lang, string locale)

Tokenizes a string of natural

language text into words and
sentences, where each
sentence is broken at the
appropriate sentence boundar
and returned as an array of
words. The lang and locale ar
optional arguments. e.g.
sentences(Hello there! How ar
you?) returns ( (Hello, there
(How, are, you) )

string

space(int n)

Return a string of n spaces

array

split(string str, string pat)

Split str around pat (pat is a

regular expression)

map<string,string>

str_to_map(text[, delimiter1,
delimiter2])

Splits text into key-value pairs

using two delimiters. Delimiter
separates text into K-V pairs,
and Delimiter2 splits each K-V
pair. Default delimiters are ,
for delimiter1 and = for
delimiter2.

string

substr(string|binary A, int
start) substring(string|binary
A, int start)

Returns the substring or slice o

the byte array of A starting
from start position till the end
of string A e.g. substr(foobar,
4) results in bar

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R e t u r n Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

string

substr(string|binary A, int
start, int len)
substring(string|binary A, int
start, int len)

Returns the substring or slice o

the byte array of A starting
from start position with length
len e.g. substr(foobar, 4, 1)
results in b

string

translate(string input, string

from, string to)

Translates the input string by

replacing the characters
present in the from string with
the corresponding characters i
the to string. This is similar to
the translatefunction
in PostgreSQL. If any of the
parameters to this UDF are
NULL, the result is NULL as we
(available as of Hive 0.10.0)

string

trim(string A)

Returns the string resulting

from trimming spaces from
both ends of A e.g. trim( fooba
) results in foobar

string

upper(string A) ucase(string
A)

Returns the string resulting

from converting all characters
of A to upper case e.g.
upper(fOoBaR) results in
FOOBAR

Collection Functions
The following built-in collection functions are supported in hive:

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Return
Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

int

size(Map)

Returns the number of elements in the map type

int

size(Array)

Returns the number of elements in the array type

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Return
Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

array

map_keys(Map)

Returns an unordered array containing the keys of the

input map

array

map_values(Map)

Returns an unordered array containing the values of the

input map

boolean

array_contains(Array,
value)

Returns TRUE if the array contains value

array

sort_array(Array)

Sorts the input array in ascending order according to the

natural ordering of the array elements and returns it (as
of version 0.9.0)

Built-in Aggregate Functions (UDAF)

The following are built-in aggregate functions are supported in Hive:
Return
Ty p e

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N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

bigint

count(*), count(expr),
count(DISTINCT expr[,
expr_.])

count(*) Returns the total number of retrieved

rows, including rows containing NULL values;
count(expr) Returns the number of rows for which
the supplied expression is non-NULL;
count(DISTINCT expr[, expr]) Returns the number
of rows for which the supplied expression(s) are
unique and non-NULL.

double

sum(col), sum(DISTINCT col)

Returns the sum of the elements in the group or the

sum of the distinct values of the column in the
group

double

avg(col), avg(DISTINCT col)

Returns the average of the elements in the group or

the average of the distinct values of the column in
the group

double

min(col)

Returns the minimum of the column in the group

double

max(col)

Returns the maximum value of the column in the

group

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Return
Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

double

variance(col), var_pop(col)

Returns the variance of a numeric column in the

group

double

var_samp(col)

Returns the unbiased sample variance of a numeric

column in the group

double

stddev_pop(col)

Returns the standard deviation of a numeric column

in the group

double

stddev_samp(col)

Returns the unbiased sample standard deviation of

a numeric column in the group

double

covar_pop(col1, col2)

Returns the population covariance of a pair of

numeric columns in the group

double

covar_samp(col1, col2)

Returns the sample covariance of a pair of a

numeric columns in the group

double

corr(col1, col2)

Returns the Pearson coecient of correlation of a

pair of a numeric columns in the group

double

percentile(BIGINT col, p)

Returns the exact pth percentile of a column in the

group (does not work with oating point types). p
must be between 0 and 1. NOTE: A true percentile
can only be computed for integer values. Use
PERCENTILE_APPROX if your input is non-integral.

array

percentile(BIGINT col,
array(p1 [, p2]))

Returns the exact percentiles p1, p2, of a column

in the group (does not work with oating point
types). pi must be between 0 and 1. NOTE: A true
percentile can only be computed for integer values.
Use PERCENTILE_APPROX if your input is
non-integral.

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N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

double

percentile_approx(DOUBLE
col, p [, B])

Returns an approximate pth percentile of a numeric

column (including oating point types) in the group.
The B parameter controls approximation accuracy at
the cost of memory. Higher values yield better
approximations, and the default is 10,000. When the
number of distinct values in col is smaller than B,
this gives an exact percentile value.

array

percentile_approx(DOUBLE
col, array(p1 [, p2]) [, B])

Same as above, but accepts and returns an array of

percentile values instead of a single one.

array

histogram_numeric(col, b)

Computes a histogram of a numeric column in the

group using b non-uniformly spaced bins. The
output is an array of size b of double-valued (x,y)
coordinates that represent the bin centers and
heights

array

collect_set(col)

Returns a set of objects with duplicate elements

eliminated

Built-in Table-Generating Functions (UDTF)

Normal user-dened functions, such as concat(), take in a single input row and output a single output row.
contrast, table-generating functions transform a single input row to multiple output rows.
R e t u r n Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

inline(ARRAY<STRUCT[,STRUCT]>)

Explodes an array of structs into a table (as of

Hive 0.10)

Explode

explode() takes in an array as an input and

outputs the elements of the array as separate
rows. UDTFs can be used in the SELECT
expression list and as a part of LATERAL VIEW.

Conditional Functions

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N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

if(boolean testCondition, T
valueTrue, T valueFalseOrNull)

Return valueTrue when testCondition is true,

returns valueFalseOrNull otherwise

COALESCE(T v1, T v2, )

Return the rst v that is not NULL, or NULL if

all vs are NULL

CASE a WHEN b THEN c [WHEN d

THEN e]* [ELSE f] END

When a = b, returns c; when a = d, return e;

else return f

CASE WHEN a THEN b [WHEN c

THEN d]* [ELSE e] END

When a = true, returns b; when c = true,

return d; else return e

Functions for Text Analytics

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R e t u r n Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

array<struct<string,double>>

context_ngrams(array<array>,
array, int K, int pf)

Returns the top-k contextual

N-grams from a set of
tokenized sentences, given a
string of context.
See StatisticsAndDataMining fo
more information.N-grams are
subsequences of length N
drawn from a longer sequence
The purpose of the ngrams()
UDAF is to nd the k most
frequent n-grams from one or
more sequences. It can be use
in conjunction with the
sentences() UDF to analyze
unstructured natural language
text, or the collect() function to
analyze more general string
data.

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R e t u r n Ty p e

N a m e ( S i g n a t u re )

Example

array<struct<string,double>>

ngrams(array<array>, int N,
int K, int pf)

Returns the top-k N-grams from

a set of tokenized sentences,
such as those returned by the
sentences() UDAF.
See StatisticsAndDataMining fo
more information.Contextual
n-grams are similar to n-grams
but allow you to specify a
context string around which
n-grams are to be estimated.
For example, you can specify
that youre only interested in
nding the most common
two-word phrases in text that
follow the context I love. You
could achieve the same result
by manually stripping
sentences of non-contextual
content and then passing them
to ngrams(), but
context_ngrams() makes it
much easier.

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They continue to deliver of new features and revisit the ones that we
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