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Computer Science XII

This document provides an overview of the topics covered in 5 units for a programming in C++ course. It includes discussions of data types, control structures, functions, arrays, structures, object-oriented programming concepts like classes and inheritance, pointers, data structures like stacks and queues, database concepts, SQL, Boolean algebra, and basic concepts of communication and networking.

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Sudhakar R
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72 views

Computer Science XII

This document provides an overview of the topics covered in 5 units for a programming in C++ course. It includes discussions of data types, control structures, functions, arrays, structures, object-oriented programming concepts like classes and inheritance, pointers, data structures like stacks and queues, database concepts, SQL, Boolean algebra, and basic concepts of communication and networking.

Uploaded by

Sudhakar R
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 1: PROGRAMMING IN C++

REVIEW: C++ covered In Class -XI,


Defining a symbol name using type def keyword and defining a macro using #define
directive; Need for User defined data type;
Structures:
Defining a Structure, Declaring structure variables, Accessing structure elements,
Passing structure to Functions as value and reference argument/parameter, Function
returning structure, Array of structures, passing an array of structure as an argument/ a
parameter to a function;

Object Oriented Programming:


Concept of Object Oriented Programming – Data hiding, Data encapsulation, Class
and Object, Abstract class and Concrete class, Polymorphism (Implementation of
polymorphism using Function overloading as an example in C++); Inheritance,
Advantages of Object Oriented Programming over earlier programming methodologies,
Implementation of Object Oriented Programming concepts in C++:
Definition of a class, Members of a class - Data Members and Member Functions
(methods), Using Private and Public visibility modes, default visibility mode (private);
Member function definition: inside class definition and outside class definition using
scope resolution operator (::); Declaration of objects as instances of a class; accessing
members from object(s), Array of type class, Objects as function arguments - pass by
value and pass by reference;

Constructor and Destructor:


Constructor: Special Characteristics, Declaration and Definition of a constructor,
Default Constructor, Overloaded Constructors, Copy Constructor, Constructor with
default arguments;
Destructor: Special Characteristics, Declaration and definition of destructor;
Inheritance (Extending Classes): Concept of Inheritance, Base Class, Derived Class,
Defining derived classes, protected visibility mode; Single level inheritance, Multilevel
inheritance and Multiple inheritance, Privately derived, Publicly derived and Protectedly
derived class, accessibility of members from objects and within derived class(es);

Data File Handling:


Need for a data file, Types of data files – Text file and Binary file;
Basic file operations on text file: Creating/Writing text into file, Reading and
Manipulation of text from an already existing text File (accessing sequentially);

Binary File: Creation of file, Writing data into file, Searching for required data from file,
Appending data to a file, Insertion of data in sorted file, Deletion of data from file,
Modification of data in a file; Implementation of above mentioned data file handling in
C++; Components of C++ to be used with file handling:
Header file: fstream.h; ifstream, ofstream, fstream classes; Opening a text file in in, out,
and app modes;
Using cascading operators for writing text to the file and reading text from the file; open
(), get(), put(), getline() and close() functions; Detecting end-of-file (with or without
using eof() function);
Opening a binary file using in, out, and app modes; open(), read(), write() and close()
functions; Detecting end-of-file (with or without using eof() function); tellg(), tellp(),
seekg(), seekp() functions

Pointers:
Declaration and Initialization of Pointers; Dynamic memory allocation/deallocation
operators: new, delete; Pointers and Arrays: Array of Pointers, Pointer to an array (1
dimensional array), Function returning a pointer, Reference variables and use of alias;
Function call by reference.
Pointer to structures: Deference operator: *, ->; self referencial structures;

UNIT 2: DATA STRUCTURES

Arrays:
One and two Dimensional arrays: Sequential allocation and address calculation; One
dimensional array: Traversal, Searching (Linear, Binary Search), Insertion of an element
in an array, deletion of an element from an array, Sorting (Insertion, Selection, Bubble
sort), concatenation of two linear arrays, merging of two sorted arrays;

Two-dimensional arrays: Traversal, Finding sum/difference of two NxM arrays


containing numeric values, Interchanging Row and Column elements in a two
dimensional array;
Stack (Array and Linked implementation of Stack): Operations on Stack (PUSH and
POP) and its Implementation in C++, Converting expressions from INFIX to POSTFIX
notation and evaluation of Postfix expression;
Queue: (Circular Array and Linked Implementation): Operations on Queue (Insert and
Delete) and its Implementation in C++.

UNIT 3: DATABASES AND SQL

Database Concepts:
Relational data model: Concept of domain, tuple, relation, key, primary key, alternate
key, candidate key; Relational algebra: Selection, Projection, Union and Cartesian
product;
Structured Query Language: General Concepts: Advantages of using SQL, Data
Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language;

Data types: NUMBER, CHARACTER, DATE;


SQL commands: CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE,
UPDATE...SET..., INSERT, DELETE; SELECT, DISTINCT, FROM, WHERE, IN,
BETWEEN, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY;
SQL functions: SUM, AVG, COUNT, MAX and MIN;
Note: Implementation of the above mentioned commands could be done on any SQL
supported software.

UNIT 4: BOOLEAN ALGEBRA

Binary-valued Quantities, Boolean Variable, Boolean Constant and Boolean


Operators: AND, OR, NOT; Truth Tables; Closure Property, Commutative Law,
Associative Law, Identity law, Inverse law, Principle of Duality, Idem potent Law,
Distributive Law, Absorption Law, involution law, DeMorgan’s Law and their
applications;
Obtaining Sum of Product (SOP) and Product of Sum (POS) form from the Truth
Table, Reducing Boolean Expression (SOP and POS) to its minimal form, Use of
Karnaugh Map for minimization of Boolean expressions (up to 4 variables);
Basic Logic Gates (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR) and their use in circuits.

UNIT 5: COMMUNICATION AND NETWORK CONCEPTS

Evolution of Networking: ARPANET, Internet, Interspace;


Different ways of sending data across the network with reference to switching
techniques; Data Communication terminologies: Concept of Channel, Baud, Bandwidth
(Hz, KHz, MHz) and Data transfer rate (bps, kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps);
Transmission media: Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, infrared, radio link,
microwave link and satellite link.

Network devices: Modem, RJ45 connector, Ethernet Card, Hub, Switch, Gateway;
Different Topologies- Bus, Star, Tree; Concepts of LAN, WAN, MAN;

Protocol: TCP/IP, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), PPP, Level-Remote Login (Telnet),
Internet, Wireless/Mobile Communication, GSM, CDMA, WLL, 3G, SMS, Voice mail,
Application Electronic Mail, Chat, Video Conferencing;
Network Security Concepts: Cyber Law, Virus threats and prevention, Firewall,
Cookies, Hacking; WebPages; Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), eXtensible
Markup Language (XML); Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP); Domain Names; URL;
Protocol Address; Website, Web browser, Web Servers; Web Hosting.

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