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C++ Function Call by Reference PDF

Call by reference method of passing arguments to a function copies the reference of an argument into the formal parameter. Inside the function, the reference is used to access the actual argument used in the call. To pass the value by reference, argument reference is passed to the functions just like any other value.

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259 views

C++ Function Call by Reference PDF

Call by reference method of passing arguments to a function copies the reference of an argument into the formal parameter. Inside the function, the reference is used to access the actual argument used in the call. To pass the value by reference, argument reference is passed to the functions just like any other value.

Uploaded by

Dibyendu Ghosh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2/22/2015

C++functioncallbyreference
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Thecallbyreferencemethodofpassingargumentstoafunctioncopiesthereferenceofanargument
intotheformalparameter.Insidethefunction,thereferenceisusedtoaccesstheactualargumentused
inthecall.Thismeansthatchangesmadetotheparameteraffectthepassedargument.
Topassthevaluebyreference,argumentreferenceispassedtothefunctionsjustlikeanyothervalue.
So accordingly you need to declare the function parameters as reference types as in the following
functionswap(),whichexchangesthevaluesofthetwointegervariablespointedtobyitsarguments.
//functiondefinitiontoswapthevalues.
voidswap(int&x,int&y)
{
inttemp;
temp=x;/*savethevalueataddressx*/
x=y;/*putyintox*/
y=temp;/*putxintoy*/

return;
}
Fornow,letuscallthefunctionswap()bypassingvaluesbyreferenceasinthefollowingexample:
#include<iostream>
usingnamespacestd;
//functiondeclaration
voidswap(int&x,int&y);
intmain()
{
//localvariabledeclaration:
inta=100;
intb=200;

cout<<"Beforeswap,valueofa:"<<a<<endl;
cout<<"Beforeswap,valueofb:"<<b<<endl;
/*callingafunctiontoswapthevaluesusingvariablereference.*/
swap(a,b);
cout<<"Afterswap,valueofa:"<<a<<endl;
cout<<"Afterswap,valueofb:"<<b<<endl;

return0;
}
Whentheabovecodeisputtogetherinafile,compiledandexecuted,itproducesthefollowingresult:
Beforeswap,valueofa:100
Beforeswap,valueofb:200
Afterswap,valueofa:200
Afterswap,valueofb:100

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