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Nomenclature For A Typical Xy Plot (Review)

This document provides an overview and examples of plotting functions in MATLAB, including: 1. Plotting a function y=8x^3 from -1 to 1 with tick spacings of 0.25 and 2 on the x and y axes respectively. 2. Using the legend command to automatically generate legends for multiple plots. 3. Applying the hold command to overlay multiple plots on the same axes. 4. Demonstrating the use of log scales to properly display variations over wide ranges that are not visible on rectangular scales. 5. Highlighting key properties of logarithmic plots including restrictions on negative/zero values and unevenly spaced tick marks within decades.

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Caio Morales
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29 views

Nomenclature For A Typical Xy Plot (Review)

This document provides an overview and examples of plotting functions in MATLAB, including: 1. Plotting a function y=8x^3 from -1 to 1 with tick spacings of 0.25 and 2 on the x and y axes respectively. 2. Using the legend command to automatically generate legends for multiple plots. 3. Applying the hold command to overlay multiple plots on the same axes. 4. Demonstrating the use of log scales to properly display variations over wide ranges that are not visible on rectangular scales. 5. Highlighting key properties of logarithmic plots including restrictions on negative/zero values and unevenly spaced tick marks within decades.

Uploaded by

Caio Morales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nomenclature for a Typical xy Plot (Review)

Example

Problem T5.2-7, Page 238


3
y
=
8
x
Write a program that plots the function
for
1 x 1 with a tick spacing of 0.25 on the x-axis

and 2 on the y-axis.

Solution

Plot the function y = 8 x for 1 x 1 with a tick spacing


of 0.25 on the x-axis and 2 on the y-axis.
3

x=-1:0.01:1;
y=8*x.^3;
plot(x,y),set(gca,'xtick',-1:0.25:1,'ytick',-8:2:8)
xlabel('x'),ylabel('y')

gca: Get Current Axes

Labeling Curves and Data


The legend command automatically obtains from the
plot the line type used for each data set and displays a
sample of this line type in the legend box next to the
string you selected.
The following script file plots two functions with the
corresponding legends (see next slide).
x = 0:0.01:2;
y = sinh(x);
z = tanh(x);
plot(x,y,x,z,--),xlabel(x), ...
ylabel(Hyperbolic Sine and Tangent), ...
legend(sinh(x),tanh(x))

Application of the legend Command

Application of the hold Command


x = -1:0.01:1;
y1 = 3+exp(-x).*sin(6*x);
y2 = 4+exp(-x).*cos(6*x);
plot((0.1+0.9i).^(0:0.01:10)),hold
plot(y1,y2),gtext('y2 versus y1'),gtext('Imag(z) versus Real(z)')

Why Use Log Scales?


Rectilinear scales
cannot properly
display variations
over wide ranges.
Next plot shows the
missing information
for the x-range of
0.1 to 10.

Rectangular Plot

Why Use Log Scales? (cont.)


A log-log plot can
display wide
variations in data
values.
This plot shows the
same information as
in the last plot for the
small x-range of 0.1
to 10.

Logarithmic Plot

Logarithmic Plots
1. You cannot plot negative
numbers on a log scale,
because the logarithm of a
negative number is not
defined.
2. You cannot plot the number 0
on a log scale, because log10
0 = ln 0 = . You must
choose an appropriate small
number (e.g. 0.01) as the
lower limit on the plot.

Logarithmic Plots (cont.)


3. The tick-mark labels on
a log scale are the
actual values being
plotted; they are not the
logarithms of the
numbers.
For example, the range of
x values in this plot is from
101 = 0.1 to 102 = 100.

0.1

100

Logarithmic Plots (cont.)


4. Gridlines and tick marks
within a decade are
unevenly spaced.
If 8 gridlines or tick marks
occur within the decade,
they correspond to values
equal to 2, 3, 4, . . . , 8, 9
times the value
represented by the first
gridline or tick mark of the
decade.

2 x101

3 x101

4 x101

Logarithmic Plots (cont.)


5. Equal distances on a
log scale correspond to
multiplication by the
same constant (as
opposed to addition of
the same constant on a
rectilinear scale).

For example, all numbers that differ by a factor of 10 are separated


by the same distance on a log scale. That is, the distance between
0.2 and 2 is the same as the distance between 3 and 30. This
separation is referred to as a decade or cycle.

Types of Logarithmic Plots


1. Use the loglog(x,y) command to have both
scales logarithmic.
2. Use the semilogx(x,y) command to have the
x scale logarithmic and the y scale rectilinear.
3. Use the semilogy(x,y) command to have the
y scale logarithmic and the x scale rectilinear.
The appropriate command depends on which axis must have a log
scale.

Example y = 25e0.5 x , y = 40(1.7) x and

y = 15 x 0.37

Exponential and Power Functions Plotted on Log Scales


x1 = 0:0.01:3;
y1 = 25*exp(0.5*x1); y2 = 40*(1.7.^x1);
x2 = logspace(-1,1,500); y3 = 15*x2.^(0.37);
subplot(1,2,1),semilogy(x1,y1,x1,y2, '--'),...
legend ('y = 25e^{0.5x}', 'y = 40(1.7) ^x'), ....
xlabel('x'),ylabel('y'),grid on
subplot(1,2,2),loglog(x2,y3),legend('y = 15x^{0.37}'), ...
xlabel('x'),ylabel('y'), grid on

y = 25e0.5 x
120
110
100
90

y1

80
70
60
50
40
30
20

0.5

1.5
x1

2.5

Interactive Plotting in MATLAB


The interactive plotting environment in MATLAB is a set of
tools for:
Creating different types of graphs,
Selecting variables to plot directly from the Workspace Browser,
Creating and editing subplots,
Adding annotations such as lines, arrows, text, rectangles, and
ellipses, and
Editing properties of graphics objects, such as their color, line weight,
and font.

For details, see textbook pages 241-246.

The Figure and Plot Editor Toolbars

The Figure Editor Toolbars (Cont.)


The Plot View interface includes the following three
panels associated with a given figure.
The Figure Palette: Use this to create and arrange

subplots, to view and plot workspace variables, and to add


annotations.
The Plot Browser: Use this to select and control the
visibility of the axes or graphics objects plotted in the figure,
and to add data for plotting.
The Property Editor: Use this to set basic properties of
the selected object and to obtain access to all properties
through the Property Inspector.

Exercise
Create the following plot:
>> t=1:0.1:100;
>>y=sin(t);
>>plot(t,y)
Use the Plot View tools to:
a) Add labels to the axes
b) Change the color and thickness of the plot
c) Generate and save the m-file for the modified plot

Exercise (Cont.)

5. File > Generate Code.


The result is a function file (createfigure.m) that can be
executed in the Command Window as:
>> t=0:.1:10;
>> y=sin(t);
>>createfigure(t,y)

3. Click on the graph


to activate the
window for
color/thickness

1. Click on the
axes to activate
the window for
labeling

2. Click on the
tabs to
add/change the
axes labels

4. Click on the
available options
to change
color/thickness

Surface Plots (3D) Example


The following shows how to
generate the surface plot of the
function z = xe [(x y 2)2+y 2] , for
2 x 2 and 2 y 2, with a
spacing of 0.1.
[X,Y]= meshgrid(-2:0.1:2);
Z = X.*exp(-((X-Y.^2).^2+Y.^2));
mesh(X,Y,Z),xlabel(x) ,...
ylabel(y) zlabel(z)

Test Your Understanding


P. 232: T5.2-2 through T5.2-5
P. 238: T5.2-6
P. 250: T5.4-1

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