Introduction

Welcome to the F2833x - Tutorial

Welcome to the Texas Instruments TMS320F28335 Tutorial. This material is intended to be used
as a student guide for a series of lessons and lab exercises dedicated to the TMS320F28335
Digital Signal Controller. The series of modules will guide you through the various elements of
this device, as well as train you in using Texas Instruments development tools and additional
resources from the Internet.
The material should be used for undergraduate classes at university. A basic knowledge of
microprocessor architecture and programming microprocessors in language C is necessary. The
material in Modules 1 to 10 shall be used in one semester, accompanied by lab exercises in
parallel. Each module includes a detailed lab procedure for self study and guidance during the lab
sessions.
The experimental lab sessions are based on the Texas Instruments Peripheral Explorer Board
(TI part number: TMDSPREX28335). A 32K code-size limited version of the software design
suite Code Composer Studio that is bundled with the Peripheral Explorer Board is used for the
development of code examples.
Modules 11 to 19 of the series go deeper into details of the TMS320F28335. They cover more
advanced subjects and can be seen as an optional series of lessons.

Module 1: Introduction

Digital Signal Controller

TMS320F28335
Texas Instruments Incorporated
European Customer Training Centre &
University of Applied Sciences Zwickau

1-1

DSP2833x - Introduction

1-1

Module Topics

Module Topics
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................1-1
Welcome to the F2833x - Tutorial ...........................................................................................................1-1
Module Topics..........................................................................................................................................1-2
CD ROM Structure ...............................................................................................................................1-3
Template Files for Laboratory Exercises .................................................................................................1-4
What is a Digital Signal Controller? .......................................................................................................1-6
A typical micro processor block diagram ............................................................................................1-7
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) of a microprocessor..........................................................................1-9
The Desktop PC: a Microcomputer ................................................................................................1-11
The Microcontroller: a single chip computer.....................................................................................1-12
The MSP430 a typical micro controller ..........................................................................................1-13
A Digital Signal Processor.................................................................................................................1-14
The Sum of Product Equation .....................................................................................................1-15
A SOP executed by a DSP .................................................................................................................1-17
A Digital Signal Controller ................................................................................................................1-18
DSP Competition ...................................................................................................................................1-19
Texas Instruments DSP/DSC Portfolio ...............................................................................................1-20
TMS320F28x Roadmap .........................................................................................................................1-21
TMS320F28x Application Areas ............................................................................................................1-22
TMS320F28x Block Diagram ................................................................................................................1-23

1-2

DSP2833x - Introduction

CD ROM Structure

CD ROM Structure
Chapter 1: Introduction to Microprocessor, MCU and DSP
Chapter 2: TMS320F28335 Architecture
Chapter 3: Software Development Tools
Chapter 4: Fixed Point, Floating Point or both?
Chapter 5: Digital Input/Output
Chapter 6: Understanding the F28335 Interrupt System
Chapter 7: Control Actuators and Power Electronics
Chapter 8: Sensor Interface - Analogue to Digital Converter
Chapter 9: Communication I: Serial Communication Interface
Chapter 10: Communication II: Serial Peripheral Interface
Chapter 11: Communication III: Controller Area Network (CAN)
Chapter 12: Communication IV: Inter Integrated Circuit
Chapter 13: Communication V: Multi Channel Buffered SerialPort
Chapter 14: Internal FLASH Memory and stand alone control
Chapter 15: Boot loader and Field update
Chapter 16: FLASH Application Program Interface (API)
Chapter 17: IQ-Math and floating point hardware
Chapter 18: Digital Motor Control
Chapter 19: Digital Power Supply

DSP2833x - Introduction

1-3

Template Files for Laboratory Exercises

Template Files for Laboratory Exercises

All modules are accompanied by laboratory exercises. For some of the modules template files are
provided with the CD (lab template files), for other modules the students are expected to
develop their own project files out of previous laboratory sessions. In these cases the lab
description in the textbook chapter explains the procedure. A 2nd group of project files (solution
files) provides a full solution directory for all laboratory exercises. This group is intended to be
used by teachers only. Instead of a single zip-file for the whole CD-ROM we decided to use
separate archive files for the individual modules. This gives the teacher the opportunity to select
parts of the CD to be used in his classes.
The zip-files should be extracted to a working directory of your choice. However, the textbook
assumes that the files are located in: C:\DSP2833x\Labs for group #1 and
C:\DSP2833x\solution for group #2. When extracted, a subfolder named with the exercise
number will be added.

The laboratory exercises are:

Lab3:
Beginners project
Lab4_1: Numbering Systems
Lab4_2: Numbering Systems
Lab5_1: Digital Output
Lab5_2: Digital Output
Lab5_3: Digital Input
Lab5_4: Digital Input / Output
Lab5_5: Digital Input / Output
Lab6:

- basic features of Code Composer Studio

- fixed-point multiply operation
- floating-point multiply (hardware and software)
- 4 LEDs binary counter-sequence
- 4 LEDs blinking knight-rider
- read 4 bit hexadecimal encoder and display value
- speed control of binary counter by hex-encoder
- additional start/stop push-buttons

Core Timer 0 and Interrupts - add a hardware timer to Lab5_1 and use an interrupt
service routine (hardware time base framework)

Lab7_1:
Lab7_2:
Lab7_3:
Lab7_4:
Lab7_5:

Pulse Width Modulation

- generate a single ePWM output signal
3 Phase PWM
- generate a phase shifted set of 3 ePWM signals
variable Pulse Width
- generate a 1 kHz signal with variable pulse width
dual complementary PWM - generate a pair of complementary PWM signals
dual channel modulation
- independent modulation of pulse width at ePWMA
and ePWMB
Lab7_6: Dead Band Generator
- generate a dead band delay on ePWMA and ePWMB
Lab7_7: Chopper Mode Unit
- split the active pulse phases in a series of high
frequency pulses
Lab7_8: Trip Zone Protection
- switch off power lines in case of an over current
Lab7_9: Sinusoidal Signal
- use ePWM to generate sinusoidal signals (class D
audio amplifiers)
Lab7_10:Capture Unit
- use a capture unit to measure a 1 kHz - signal
Lab7_11: Radio Remote Control Unit - use a capture unit to receive and decode an infrared
radio remote control unit (RC5-code)

1-4

Lab8_1: ADC dual conversion

Lab8_2: ADC and control

- convert two analogue input voltages

- speed control of binary counter by ADCINA0

Lab9_1: SCI - transmission

- send text message F28335 UART is fine!

DSP2833x - Introduction

Template Files for Laboratory Exercises

Lab9_2: SCI transmit interrupts

Lab9_3: SCI transmit FIFO
Lab9_4: SCI receive and transmit
Lab9_5: SCI remote control

- use of SCI transmit interrupt services

- use of SCI FIFO for transmission
- wait for message Texas and answer with
Instruments
- control speed of binary counter by SCI message

Lab11_1: CAN Transmission

- periodic transmission of a binary counter at 100 kbit/s

and Identifier 0x1000 0000 (extended mode).
Lab11_2: CAN - Reception
- Receive Identifier 0x1000 0000 at 100 kbit/s and
display the 2 least significant bits of the message at 2
LEDs.
Lab11_3:CAN Transmit & Receive - merger of Lab11_1 and Lab11_2
Lab11_4:CAN Interrupt
- use of CAN interrupts to receive messages
Lab11_5:CAN Error Handling
- use of CAN error interrupts
Lab11_6:CAN Remote Transmit Request use of CAN transmit requests
Lab12_1:I2C Temperature Sensor
Lab12_2:I2C Temperature Sensor
Lab12_3:I2C Temperature Sensor
Lab12_4:I2C Temperature Sensor

- use of TMP101 in 9 bit resolution mode

- use of TMP101 in 12 bit resolution mode
- use of I2C FIFO registers for TMP101
- use of I2C Interrupt System

Lab13_1:McBSP and SPI

- use of audio codec AIC23B to generate a single

sinusoidal tone
- use of audio codec AIC23B to generate a stereo
sinusoidal tone
- Lab13_2 plus McBSP interrupt system
- Write and Read to an SPI EEPROM AT25256

Lab13_2:McBSP and SPI

Lab13_3:McBSP - Interrupts
Lab13_4:McBSP SPI Emulation
Lab 14_1: Standalone FLASH
Lab 15_1: SCI - Boot loader

- change Lab6 to run directly from FLASH after power

ON.
- download control code before start

Lab16_1: FLASH API

- update FLASH while the control code is running

Lab17:

- code a digital low-pass filter in IQ-Math, generate a 2

KHz square wave signal, sample the signal with the
Analogue Digital Converter and calculate the lowpass filter.
- Labs are based on Texas Instruments Digital Motor
Control Kit (part number: TMDS2MTRPFCKIT);
see laboratory descriptions, which are included in the
software part of this kit.
- Labs are based on Texas Instruments Digital Power
Experimenters Kit (part number
TMDSDCDC2KIT); see laboratory descriptions,
which are included in the software part of this kit.

IQ-MATH

Lab18: Digital Motor Control

Lab19: Digital Power Supply

DSP2833x - Introduction

1-5

What is a Digital Signal Controller?

What is a Digital Signal Controller?

First we have to discus some keywords that are quite often used when we speak about digital
control or computing in general. The TMS320F28335 belongs to a group of devices that is called
a Digital Signal Controller (DSC). In computing, we use words like Microprocessor,
Microcomputer or Microcontroller to specify a given sort of electronic device. When it
comes to digital signal processing, the preferred name is Digital Signal Processors (DSP).
To begin with, let us introduce some terms:

Microprocessor (P)

Micro Computer

Microcontroller (C)

Digital Signal Processor (DSP)

Digital Signal Controller (DSC)

1. what is a microprocessor?
microprocessor (P, mp):
Central Device of a multi chip Micro Computer System
Two basic architectures:
Von Neumann- Architecture
Harvard Architecture
Von Neumann - Architecture:
Shared memory space between code and data
Shared memory busses between code and data
Example: Intels x86 Pentium Processor family
Harvard Architecture:
Two independent memory spaces for code and data
Two memory bus systems for code and data
A P needs additional external devices to operate properly

1-2

Microprocessors are based on a simple sequential procedural approach: Read next machine code
instruction from code memory, decode instruction, read optional operands from data memory,
execute instruction and write back result. This series of events runs in an endless manner. To use
a P one has to add memory and additional external devices to the Microprocessor.

1-6

DSP2833x - Introduction

What is a Digital Signal Controller?

A typical micro processor block diagram

Microprocessor block diagram
code
memory

Microprocessor

input
module

Central
Processing Unit
CPU

output
module

process

process

Control Unit

data
memory

1-3

A typical microprocessor block diagram is shown above. As can be seen from slide 1-3, the
microprocessor consists of two parts the control unit and the central processing unit (CPU). It
operates on input signals, reads operands from data memory, writes results back in data memory,
and updates output modules. All computing is based on machine code instructions, which are
sequentially stored in code memory. The microprocessor reads these instructions one after each
other into its control logic.
The execution flow of a piece of machine code instructions follows a certain sequence, shown in
the following slide. Life of a micro processor is quite boring; it never goes off the beaten track
unless it loses its power supply. The sequence is always:
1. Address the next entry in code memory
2. Read (or fetch) the next machine instruction from this very address
3. Look, whats up (decode that instruction and prepare next activities
4. Select one of five next steps:
Read an input and compute it
Read an entry from data memory and compute it
Do an internal operation, which does not require an information exchange
Write a result back in data memory
Update an output channel with a result of a previous computation
5. Calculate the next code memory address and return to step #1.

DSP2833x - Introduction

1-7

What is a Digital Signal Controller?

Microprocessor execution flow

program counter (PC) in control unit addresses
first (next) instruction in code memory
instruction read (fetch) from code memory
into microprocessors instruction register (IR)
decode instruction & do 1 of 5:

read input
& compute

read data mem

& compute

internal
operation

update
output

write data
memory

increment program counter

1-4

The hearth of a micro processor is its Central Processing Unit (CPU). To keep it simple, we just
look at a very basic structure of a CPU. Today a micro - processor is really one of the most
complex integrated circuits.

CPU of a microprocessor
CPU =

Consists of:

read data and instruction from memory

write data into memory

Instruction decoder:

few internal memory cells (Register) for operands

calculation unit: Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
instruction register (IR) and instruction decoder
address unit

Address unit:

Central Processing Unit

analyses current instruction and controls subsequent actions of

other modules

Register:

store data for instantaneous instruction and computation

Note: today's microprocessors have a much finer granularity and

sometimes parallel units. However, the basics are still the very
same.

1-5

1-8

DSP2833x - Introduction

What is a Digital Signal Controller?

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) of a microprocessor

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) of a microprocessor
calculates arithmetical and / or logical functions:
At least:
arithmetical :
logical:

Addition (ADD)
Negation (NEG)
Conjunction (AND)

typical:
arithmetical:

Subtraction (SUB)
Multiplication (MUL)
logical:
Comparison (CMP)
Disjunction (OR)
Antivalence (EXOR)
miscellaneous: Right- and Left Shift (ASR,ASL)
Rotation (ROL, ROR)
Register-Bit-Manipulation (set, clear, toggle, test)

a ALU is able to process two binary values with equal length (N)
N-Bit ALU with N = 4,8,16,32 or 64

most ALUs process Fixed Point Numbers

A few ALUs, used especially in Digital Signal Processors and

desktop processors, are capable to operate on Floating Point
Numbers or on both formats.
1-6

An ALU performs the arithmetic and logic operations that the micro - processor is capable of. A
minimal requirement for an ALU is to perform ADD, NEG and AND. Other operations shown in
the slide above, improve the performance of a specific micro - processor. A virtual ALU could
look like this:

Example: a simple ALU structure

A, B, Y:
Internal register
F:
Functional code
C:
Carry Bit
N:
Negative Bit
Z:
Zero - Bit

ALUs are also available

as standalone ICs:
SN 74 LS 181
1-7

DSP2833x - Introduction

1-9

What is a Digital Signal Controller?

The Intel 80x86: the legacy microprocessor

History (1984): Microprocessor Intel 80x86
Address Unit
- Memory Manager
- logical / physical
address

Execution - Unit
- CPU
- ALU
- Register

Bus - Unit

address

- Bus Control
- Address & Data Bus
Interface
- Instruction Queue

control/
status
data

Instruction Unit
- Decode Instruction
- Operation Queue

1-8

The Intel 8086 can be considered to be the veteran of all microprocessors. Inside this processor
four units take care of the sequence of states. The bus-unit is responsible for addressing the
external memory resources using a group of uni - directional digital address signals, bi-directional
data lines and control and status signals. Its purpose is to fill a first pipeline, called the
instruction queue with the next machine instructions to be processed. It is controlled by the
Execution unit and the Address-Unit.
The Instruction unit reads the next instruction out of the Instruction queue decodes it and fills a
second queue, the Operation queue with the next internal operations that must be performed by
the Execution Unit.
The Execution Unit does the real work; it executes operations or calls the Bus Unit to read an
optional operand from memory.
Once an instruction is completed, the Execution Unit forces the Address Unit to generate the
address of the next instruction. If this instruction was already loaded into the Instruction queue,
the operational speed is increased. This principle is called a cache.
We could go much deeper into the secrets of a Microprocessor; eventually you can book another
class at your university that deals with this subject much more in detail, especially into the pros
and cons of Harvard versus Von-Neumann Machines, into RISC versus CISC, versions of
memory accesses etc.
For now, let us just keep in mind the basic operation of this type of device.

1 - 10

DSP2833x - Introduction

What is a Digital Signal Controller?

The Desktop PC: a Microcomputer

When we add external devices to a microprocessor, we end up with the set - up for a computer
system. We need to add external memory both for instructions (code) and data to be computed.
We also have to use some sort of connections to the outside world to our system. In general, they
are grouped into digital input/outputs and analogue input/outputs.

2. our Desktop PC is a?
2. Microcomputer

Microcomputer = microprocessor (P) + memory +

peripherals
Example: your Desktop -PC

Code - Memory

Data - Memory
Memory Bus

Clock

Timer/Counter

Microprocessor

Peripheral Bus

Digital In

Digital In

Analogue In

Analogue Out
1-9

microcomputer - peripherals
Peripherals include:
Digital Input / Output Lines
Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC)
Digital to Analogue Converter (DAC)
Timer / Counter units
Pulse Width Modulation ( PWM) Output Lines
Digital Capture Input Lines
Network Interface Units:
Serial Communication Interface (SCI) - UART
Serial Peripheral Interface ( SPI)
Inter Integrated Circuit ( I2C) Bus
Controller Area Network (CAN)
Local Interconnect Network (LIN)
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Local / Wide Area Networks (LAN, WAN)
Graphical Output Devices
and more

1 - 10

DSP2833x - Introduction

1 - 11

What is a Digital Signal Controller?

The Microcontroller: a single chip computer

As technology advances, we want the silicon industry to build everything that is necessary for a
microcomputer into a single piece of silicon, and we end up with a microcontroller (C). Of
course nobody will try to include every single peripheral that is available or thinkable into a
single chip because nobody can afford to buy this monster-chip. On the contrary, engineers
demand a microcontroller that suits their applications best and for (almost) nothing. This leads
to a huge number of dedicated microcontroller families with totally different internal units,
different instruction sets, different number of peripherals and internal memory spaces. No
customer will ask for a microcontroller with an internal code memory size of 16Mbytes, if the
application fits easily into 64Kbytes.
Today, microcontrollers are built into almost every industrial product that is available on the
market. Try to guess, how many microcontrollers you possess at home! The problem is you
cannot see them from outside the product. That is the reason why they are also called
embedded computer or embedded controller. A sophisticated product such as the modern car
is equipped with up to 80 microcontrollers to execute all the new electronic functions like
antilock braking system (ABS), electronic stability program (ESP), adaptive cruise control
(ACC), central locking, electrical mirror and seat adjustments, etc. On the other hand a simple
device such as a vacuum cleaner is equipped with a microcontroller to control the speed of the
motor and the filling state of the cleaner. Not to speak of the latest developments in vacuum
cleaner electronics: the cleaning robot with lots of control and sensor units to do the housework
with a much more powerful C of course.
Microcontrollers are available as 4, 8, 16, 32 or even 64-bit devices, the number giving the
amount of bits of an operand that are processed in parallel. If a microcontroller is a 32-bit type,
the internal data memory is connected to the core unit with 32 internal signal lines.

3. System on Chip
3. Microcontroller (C, MCU)
Nothing more than a Microcomputer as a single
silicon chip!
All computing power AND input/output channels that
are required to design a real time control system are
on chip
Guarantee cost efficient and powerful solutions for
embedded control applications
Backbone for almost every type of modern product
Over 200 independent families of C
Both P Architectures (Von Neumann and
Harvard) are used inside Microcontrollers
1 - 11

1 - 12

DSP2833x - Introduction

What is a Digital Signal Controller?

The MSP430 a typical micro controller

3. Example: Microcontroller MSP430

Texas Instruments MSP430

von-Neumann architecture all program, data memory
and peripherals share a common bus structure.
1 - 12

There are hundreds of types of micro controllers in the highly competitive market of embedded
systems. They all have their pro and cons. Depending on the application area, budget limitations
and on project requirements one has to decide, which one is the best suited one. The slide above
shows a block diagram of one of the most power effective micro controllers in the market the
MSP430. It comes with integrated memory blocks FLASH for non - volatile storage of code
sequences and RAM to store variables and results. It is equipped with internal analog and digital
peripherals, communication channels.

DSP2833x - Introduction

1 - 13

What is a Digital Signal Controller?

A Digital Signal Processor

A Digital Signal Processor is a specific device that is designed around the typical mathematical
operations to manipulate digital data that are measured by signal sensors. The objective is to
process the data as quickly as possible to be able to generate an output stream of new data in
real time.

4. Digital Signal Processor

A Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is:
Similar to a microprocessor (P), e.g. core
of a computing system
Additional Hardware Units to speed up
computing of sophisticated mathematical
operations:
Additional Hardware Multiply Unit(s)
Additional Pointer Arithmetic Unit(s)
Additional Bus Systems for parallel access
Additional Hardware Shifter for scaling
and/or multiply/divide by 2n
1 - 13

What are typical DSP algorithms?

An equation, called Sum of Products (SOP) is
the key element in most DSP algorithms:
Algorithm

Equation

Finite Impulse Response Filter

Infinite Impulse Response Filter

Convolution

Discrete Fourier Transform

Discrete Cosine Transform

1 - 14

1 - 14

DSP2833x - Introduction

What is a Digital Signal Controller?

The Sum of Product Equation

We wont go into the details of the theory of Digital Signal Processing now. Again, look out for
additional classes at your university to learn more about the maths behind this amazing part of
modern technology. I highly recommend it. It is not the easiest topic, but it is worth it. Consider a
future world without anybody that understands how a mobile phone or an autopilot of an airplane
does work internally a terrible thought.
To begin with, let us scale down the entire math-s into one basic equation that is behind almost
all approaches of Digital Signal Processing. It is the Sum of Products- formula. A new value y
is calculated as a sum of partial products. Two arrays data and coeff are multiplied as pairs
and the products are added together. Depending on the data type of the input arrays we could
solve this equation in floating point or integer mathematics. Integer is most often also called
fixed - point maths (see Chapter 2).
In contrast to its predecessor the TMS320F28335 is both a floating-point and also fixed-point
device, so we can use the best of both worlds. To keep it simple for now, lets stay with fixed point mathematics first. In chapter 2 we will discuss the pros and cons of fixed point versus
floating point DSPs a little bit more in depth.
In a standard ANSI-C we can easily define two arrays of integer input data and the code lines that
are needed to calculate the output value y:

Doing a SOP with a P

3

y = data[i ] * coeff [i ]
i =0

Task : use a Desktop - PC and code the equation into

any common C-compiler system, e.g. Microsoft Visual
Studio 2008
A C-Code Solution would probably look like:
#include <stdio.h>
int data[4]={1,2,3,4};
int coeff[4]={8,6,4,2};
int main(void)
{
int i;
int result =0;
for (i=0;i<4;i++)
result += data[i]*coeff[i];
printf("%i",result);
return 0;
}
1 - 15

DSP2833x - Introduction

1 - 15

What is a Digital Signal Controller?

If we look a little bit more in detail into the tasks that needs to be solved by a standard processor
we can distinguish 10 steps. Due to the sequential nature of this type of processor, it can do only
one of the 10 steps at one time. This will consume a considerable amount of computing power of
this processor. For our tiny example, the processor must loop between step 3 and step 10 a total of
four times. For real Digital Signal Processing the SOP procedure is going to much higher loop
repetitions forcing the standard processor to spend even more computing power.

6 Basic Operations of a SOP

3

y = data[i ] * coeff [i ]
i =0

What will a Pentium be forced to do?

1. Set a Pointer1 to point to data[0]

2. Set a second Pointer2 to point to coeff[0]

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Read data[i] into core

Read coeff[i] into core
Multiply data[i]*coeff[i]
Add the latest product to the previous ones
Modify Pointer1
Modify Pointer2

9. Increment I;
10. If i<3 , then go back to step 3 and continue

Steps 3 to 8 are called 6 Basic Operations of a DSP

A DSP is able to execute all 6 steps in one single machine
cycle!
1 - 16

SOP machine code of a P

Address
M-Code
Assembly - Instruction
10:
for (i=0;i<4;i++)
00411960
C7 45 FC 00 00 00 00 mov
dword ptr [i],0
00411967
EB 09
jmp
main+22h (411972h)
00411969
8B 45 FC
mov
eax,dword ptr [i]
0041196C
83 C0 01
add
eax,1
0041196F
89 45 FC
mov
dword ptr [i],eax
00411972
83 7D FC 04
cmp
dword ptr [i],4
00411976
7D 1F
jge
main+47h (411997h)
11:
result += data[i]*coeff[i];
00411978
8B 45 FC
mov eax,dword ptr [i]
0041197B
8B 4D FC
mov ecx,dword ptr [i]
0041197E
8B 14 85 40 5B 42 00 mov edx,dword ptr[eax*4+425B40h]
00411985
0F AF 14 8D 50 5B 42 00 imul edx,dword ptr[ecx*4+425B50h]
0041198D
8B 45 F8
mov eax,dword ptr [result]
00411990
03 C2
add
eax,edx
00411992
89 45 F8
mov dword ptr [result],eax
00411995
EB D2
jmp
main+19h (411969h)
1 - 17

1 - 16

DSP2833x - Introduction

What is a Digital Signal Controller?

A SOP executed by a DSP

If we apply the SOP-task to a Digital Signal Processor of fixed-point type the ANSI-C code looks
identical to the standard processor one. The difference is the output of the compilation! When you
compare slide 19 with slide 17 you will notice the dramatic reduction in the consumption of the
memory space and number of execution cycles. A DSP is much more appropriate to calculate a
SOP in real time! Ask your professor about the details of the two slides!

Doing a SOP with a DSP

3

y = data[i ] * coeff [i ]
i =0

Now: use a DSP-Development System and code

the equation into a DSP C-compiler system, e.g.
Texas Instruments Code Composer Studio
C-Code Solution is identical:
int data[4]={1,2,3,4};
int coeff[4]={8,6,4,2};
int main(void)
{
int i;
int result =0;
for (i=0;i<4;i++)
result += data[i]*coeff[i];
printf("%i",result);
return 0;
}
1 - 18

DSP-Translation into machine code

Address
0x8000
0x8001
0x8003
0x8005
0x8006
0x8007
0x8009
0x800A
0x800B

MCode
Assembly Instruction
FF69
SPM 0
8D04 0000R
MOVL XAR1,#data
76C0 0000R
MOVL XAR7,#coeff
5633
ZAPA
F601
RPT
#1
564B 8781
|| DMAC ACC:P,*XAR1++,*XAR7++
10AC
ADDL ACC,P<<PM
8D04 0000R
MOVL XAR1,#y
1E81
MOVL *XAR1,ACC

Example: Texas Instruments TMS320F28335

Space : 12 Code Memory ; 9 Data Memory
Execution Cycles : 10 @ 150MHz = 66 ns
1 - 19

DSP2833x - Introduction

1 - 17

What is a Digital Signal Controller?

A Digital Signal Controller

Finally, a Digital Signal Controller (DSC) is a new type of microcontroller, where the processing
power is delivered by a DSP a single chip device combining both the computing power of a
Digital Signal Processor and the embedded peripherals of a single chip computing system.
For advanced real time control systems with a high amount of mathematical calculations, a DSC
is the first choice.
Today there are only a few manufacturers offering DSCs. Due to the advantages of DSCs for
many projects, a number of silicon manufacturers are developing this type of controller.
This tutorial is based on the Texas Instruments TMS320F28335, a 32-bit floating point Digital
Signal Controller (DSC).

5. Digital Signal Controller (DSC)

Digital Signal Controller (DSC)
recall: a Microcontroller(MCU) is a single chip
Microcomputer with a Microprocessor(P) as core
unit.
Now: a Digital Signal Controller(DSC) is a single chip
Microcomputer with a Digital Signal Processor(DSP)
as core unit.
By combining the computing power of a DSP with
memory and peripherals in one single device we
derive the most effective solution for embedded real
time control solutions that require lots of math
operations.
DSC Example: Texas Instruments C2000 DSC family.
1 - 20

Note: Some manufacturers, like Infineon and Renesas, still call their DSCs microcontrollers.
This is because most target applications are typically regarded as microcontroller sockets and
many engineers are unfamiliar with the term DSC.
TI also recently changed the naming of the C2000 line from DSC to microcontroller.

1 - 18

DSP2833x - Introduction

DSP Competition

DSP Competition
There are only a few global players in the area of DSP and DSC. As you can see from the next
slide (for more details, go to: www.fwdconcepts.com ), Texas Instruments is the absolute leader
in this area. A working knowledge of TI-DSP will help you to master your professional career.

DSP Market Share in 2006

6%

12%

9%

Agere
14%

Analog Devices
Freescale
Texas Instruments
Other

59%

Total Revenue: 7635 Million US-$

Source: www.forwardconcepts.com
1 - 21

With such expertise in DSPs, it is only natural that the lessons TI has learned and technologies
developed for DSPs trickle down also to TIs microcontrollers. As the leader in DSP Texas
Instruments microcontrollers will also challenge the market!

DSP Market Areas in 2006

4,6

3,2 2,8

8
Wireless
Consumer
9,1

Multipurpose
Computer
Wireline
Automotive
72,3

Relative

Source: www.forwardconcepts.com
1 - 22

DSP2833x - Introduction

1 - 19

Texas Instruments DSP/DSC Portfolio

Texas Instruments DSP/DSC Portfolio

Texas Instruments Portfolio

Arm-Based

Microcontrollers
16-bit
MCU

32-bit
Real-time

MSP430

C2000

Ultra-Low
Power

Fixed &
Floating Point

Up to 25MHz
Flash
1KB to 256KB

32-bit
ARM

DSP

ARM+

ARM + DSP

DSP

ARM9
Cortex A-8

C64x+ plus
ARM9/Cortex A-8

C647x, C64x+,
C55x

Industry Std
Low Power

Industry-Std Core,
High-Perf GPP

Industry-Std Core +
DSP for Signal Proc.

Leadership DSP
Performance

Up to 150MHz

Up to 100MHz

Accelerators

4800 MMACs/
1.07 DMIPS/MHz

24,000 MMACS

Flash
32KB to 512KB

Flash
8KB to 256KB

MMU

MMU, Cache

Up to 3MB
L2 Cache

Analog I/O, ADC

LCD, USB, RF

PWM, ADC,
CAN, SPI, I2C

USB, ENET,
ADC, PWM, HMI

USB, LCD,
MMC, EMAC

Measurement,
Sensing, General
Purpose

Motor Control,
Digital Power,
Lighting

Host Control,
general purpose,
motor control

Linux/WinCE
User Apps

Linux/Win +
Video, Imaging,
Multimedia

Comm, WiMAX,
Industrial/
Medical Imaging

$0.49 to $9.00

$1.50 to $20.00

$2.00 to $8.00

$8.00 to $35.00

$12.00 to $65.00

$4.00 to $99.00+

Stellaris
Cortex M3

VPSS, USB,
EMAC, MMC

1G EMAC, SRIO,
DDR2, PCI-66

1 - 23

The DSP / DSC portfolio of Texas instruments is split into three major device families, called
Microcontroller, ARM-based and DSP.
The C64x branch is the most powerful series of DSP in computing power. There are floating
point as well as fixed point devices in this family. The application fields are image processing,
audio, multimedia server, base stations for wireless communication etc.
The C55x family is focused on mobile systems with very efficient power consumption per MIPS.
Its main application area is cell phone technology.
The C2000 group is dedicated to Digital Signal Control (DSC), as you have learned from the
first slides and is a very powerful solution for real time control applications. This group is
accompanied at the two ends by a 16-bit Microcontroller group (MSP430) and 32-bit series of
ARM-core based microcontrollers (Cortex M3, Cortex A-8 or ARM9).
The next slide summarizes the main application areas for the 3 Texas Instruments families of
DSP.

1 - 20

DSP2833x - Introduction

TMS320F28x Roadmap

Texas Instruments TMS320 DSP/DSC

Dedicated families and sub-families to
support different market needs
C2000

C5000

C6000

Lowest Cost

Efficiency

Performance &
Ease-of-Use

Control Systems
Motor Control
Storage
Digital Control Systems
Power Supply Control

Best MIPS per

Watt / Dollar / Size
Wireless phones
Internet audio players
Digital still cameras
Modems
Telephony
VoIP

Multi Channel and

Multi Function App's
Comm Infrastructure
Wireless Base-stations
DSL
Imaging
Multi-media Servers
Video
1 - 24

TMS320F28x Roadmap
For the C2000 family we can distinguish between two groups of devices: a 16-bit group, called
TMS320C24x and a 32-bit group, called TMS320C28x.

TMS320C2000 DSC Family

1 - 25

DSP2833x - Introduction

1 - 21

TMS320F28x Application Areas

The next Slide 1-26 illustrates the latest developments in the 32-bit real-time controller family
C28x:

C2000 32-bit Real-Time Controller

Next Gen
Production

C2834x

Sampling
200-300MHz
196-516kB SRAM
External ADC
Low Active Power

F2833x
Development

100-150MHz
128-512kB Flash
52-68kB SRAM

Future

Higher Performance
Connectivity
Safety Enhancements

PERFORMANCE

F2823x
F281x
F280x

Next Gen
F2803x

Fixed Point

Performance
Memory
Connectivity

F2802x

(100-176 Pins)
60 150 MHz
32 512kB Flash
3Ph PWM/QEP
12-bit, 2 SH ADC
(Up to 12.5 MSPS)
CAN, McBSP
UART, SPI

Next Gen
60MHz
Control Law
Accelerator
32-128kB Flash
CAN, LIN

40-60MHz
16-64kB Flash
Analog Comp

Low Power
Small Package

TIME

100+ Code Compatible Devices

1 - 26

TMS320F28x Application Areas

Versatile C000 Application Areas
E-bike

Digital Motor Control

Renewable Energy
Wind Power Inverters

Power Tools

Solar Power Inverters

White Goods

Industrial Drives &

Motion Control

Lighting

Digital Power
DC/DC
Converters

LED Street Lighting

C2000

Uninterruptable
Power Supplies
Auto HID

Telecom / Server
AC/DC Rectifiers

Radar / Collision
Avoidance
Laser Ranging
Power Line
Communication

Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Medical Oxygen
Concentrators

LED TV
Backlighting

Optical
Networking

Electric Power Steering

RFID Readers

Automotive

Precision Sensing & Control

1 - 27

1 - 22

DSP2833x - Introduction

TMS320F28x Block Diagram

TMS320F28x Block Diagram

TMS320C28x DSC Block Diagram

Code security

TMS320F28335
68 KB
RAM

512 KB
Flash

Boot ROM
18 PWM
(6 HRPWM)

Memory Bus

6 CAP

DMA

C28xTM 32-bit DSC

32x32-bit
Multiplier
32-bit
Timers (3)
Real-Time
JTAG

RMW
Atomic
ALU
32-bit
FloatingPoint Unit

2 QEP

Peripheral Bus

Interrupt Management

12-bit ADC
88 GPIO
16/32-bit
EMIF
SPI
3 SCI
2 McBSP
IC
2 CAN

1 - 28

DSP2833x - Introduction

1 - 23

TMS320F28x Block Diagram

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1 - 24

DSP2833x - Introduction