C - Storage Classes

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A storage class defines the scope (visibility) and life-time of variables and/or functions within a C
Program. These specifiers precede the type that they modify. There are the following storage classes
which can be used in a C Program

C - Home
auto
C - Overview
register
C - Environment Setup
static

C - Program Structure

extern

C - Basic Syntax
C - Data Types
C - Variables
C - Constants

The auto storage class is the default storage class for all local variables.
{

C - Storage Classes
C - Operators
C - Decision Making
C - Loops

int mount;
auto int month;
}

The example above defines two variables with the same storage class, auto can only be used withi
functions, i.e., local variables.

C - Functions
C - Scope Rules
C - Arrays
C - Pointers

The register storage class is used to define local variables that should be stored in a register instead o
RAM. This means that the variable has a maximum size equal to the register size (usually one word) an
can't have the unary '&' operator applied to it (as it does not have a memory location).

C - Strings

C - Structures

C - Unions
C - Bit Fields

register int

miles;

The register should only be used for variables that require quick access such as counters. It should als
be noted that defining 'register' does not mean that the variable will be stored in a register. It means that
MIGHT be stored in a register depending on hardware and implementation restrictions.

C - Typedef
C - Input & Output
C - File I/O
C - Preprocessors
C - Header Files
C - Type Casting
C - Error Handling

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The static storage class instructs the compiler to keep a local variable in existence during the life-time o
the program instead of creating and destroying it each time it comes into and goes out of scope
Therefore, making local variables static allows them to maintain their values between function calls.

The static modifier may also be applied to global variables. When this is done, it causes that variable
scope to be restricted to the file in which it is declared.

In C programming, when static is used on a class data member, it causes only one copy of that membe
to be shared by all objects of its class.

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C - Storage Classes

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_storage_classes.htm

C - Recursion

#include <stdio.h>

C - Variable Arguments

/* function declaration */
void func(void);

C - Memory Management
C - Command Line Arguments

C Programming Resources
C - Quick Guide
C - Useful Resources

Selected Reading
Developer's Best Practices
Effective Resume Writing

static int count = 5; /* global variable */

main()
{
while(count--)
{
func();
}
return 0;
}
/* function definition */
void func( void )
{
static int i = 5; /* local static variable */
i++;

Computer Glossary
Who is Who

printf("i is %d and count is %d\n", i, count);

}

You may not understand this example at this time because I have used function and global variables
which I have not explained so far. So for now let us proceed even if you do not understand it completel
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
i
i
i
i
i

is
is
is
is
is

6 and count is 4
7 and count is 3
8 and count is 2
9 and count is 1
10 and count is 0

The extern storage class is used to give a reference of a global variable that is visible to ALL the program
files. When you use 'extern', the variable cannot be initialized as all it does is point the variable name at
storage location that has been previously defined.

When you have multiple files and you define a global variable or function, which will be used in other file
also, then extern will be used in another file to give reference of defined variable or function. Just fo
understanding, extern is used to declare a global variable or function in another file.

The extern modifier is most commonly used when there are two or more files sharing the same globa
variables or functions as explained below.
First File: main.c
#include <stdio.h>
int count ;
extern void write_extern();
main()
{
count = 5;
write_extern();
}
Second File: support.c
#include <stdio.h>
extern int count;

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C - Storage Classes

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http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_storage_classes.htm

void write_extern(void)
{
printf("count is %d\n", count);
}
Here, extern keyword is being used to declare count in the second file where as it has its definition in the
first file, main.c. Now, compile these two files as follows:
$gcc main.c support.c
This will produce a.out executable program, when this program is executed, it produces the following
result:
5

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