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Chapter2-Resultants of Force Systems

Forces acting on a body can be analyzed using a coordinate system to quantify their effects. The forces can be represented by a single resultant force that has the same effect. Concurrent forces intersect at a point, while non-concurrent forces are parallel. Varignon's theorem states the effect of the whole is equal to the sum of the effects of its components, and is used to find the location of a resultant. A couple is comprised of two parallel, non-collinear forces that are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

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353 views

Chapter2-Resultants of Force Systems

Forces acting on a body can be analyzed using a coordinate system to quantify their effects. The forces can be represented by a single resultant force that has the same effect. Concurrent forces intersect at a point, while non-concurrent forces are parallel. Varignon's theorem states the effect of the whole is equal to the sum of the effects of its components, and is used to find the location of a resultant. A couple is comprised of two parallel, non-collinear forces that are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

Uploaded by

Iana Leyno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Forces are analyzed in a number of ways;

it is common approach to establish a coordinate


system to quantify the forces and their effects in a
system or body. Since it is customary to assign the axes,
the analysis may be coplanar (two-dimensional) or
non-coplanar (three-dimensional).

A system of forces may be represented by a resultant


force which has the same effect as the system.
Forces on
an object
Equivalent
Resultant
Force

2N

4N

3N

2N
6N

1N
6N

3N

3N
Resultant =0

The resultant force, much like any other force, has


magnitude and direction. The geometric sum of the
forces will yield the resultant.

Coplanar Force Systems analyze forces acting


on a body by taking their components along two
designated axes.
A force system can be identified into two main types:
concurrent
non-concurrent.

Concurrent Forces are forces whose lines of action


intersect at a common point. The resultant of
concurrent forces originates from the intersection.

Point of
Intersection

The resultant of concurrent forces must be defined


by magnitude and direction. Magnitude represents the
length of the vector while the direction is referred
from the defined axis.
Resultant
Force

To determine the magnitude, first take the algebraic sum of


the force components for each axis. The geometric sum (or
SRSS: square root of the sum of squares) is then computed
from these. The direction, for convention, is reckoned from
the positive x-axis.

Example 1: Find the resultant of the force system.

Example 2:
If the tension in rope AB is 100N, what is the tension
in rope BC? (Hint: The resultant of forces AB and BC is
in the direction of the boat.)

Example 3:
Two horses on opposite banks of canal pull a barge moving
parallel to the banks by means of two ropes. The tension in
these ropes are 200lb and 240lb while the angle between
them is 60 degrees. Find the
resultant pull on the barge and
the angle between each of the

ropes and the sides of the canal.

Example 4:
If the resultant force
is required to act along
the positive u-axis and
have a magnitude of
5 KN, determine the
required magnitude
of FB and its
direction .

Example 5:
Determine the magnitude
and direction of the resultant
force of the three forces acting
on ring A. If F1 = 500N and
the angle F1 makes with
the y-axis = 20 degrees.

Non-concurrent Forces are forces whose lines of


action are parallel. The resultant of parallel force has a
magnitude equal to the algebraic sum of the forces and
is located somewhere between them.
Resultant
Force

25KN/m

10KN/m
5KN
A

3m

3m

1m

B
10KN

The equivalent load of load diagrams rectangular or


uniform, triangular or uniformly varying is equal to
its area which is located at its geometric centroid.

To determine the location of the resultant, apply


Varignons Theorem which states that the effect of
the whole is equal to the sum of the effects of it
components.

Using Varignons Theorem on taking moment about point


A, the location can be found. Recall that the moment of
a force about a point or axis is simply the magnitude of
the force multiplied by its level arm or perpendicular
distance to the point.
Also, remember that,
Moment = O if:
1. The Force intersects
the axis
2. The force is parallel to
the axis

Example 6: Assuming clockwise moments to be


positive, compute for the moment of force F=450 lb
and of force P=361 lb about points A,B,C, and D.
A
F

Example 7: Find the resultant of the force system


and its location from point A.

Example 8: Find the resultant of the non-concurrent


force system, its direction and location from point A.

10KN

10KN/m

5KN
=60

A
2m

1m
10KN

1m

3m

Example 9:
The 16-ft wing of an airplane is subjected to a lift which
varies from zero at the tip to 360lb/ft at the fuselage
according to y=90x1/2, where x is measured from the
tip. Compute the resultant and its location from the
wing tip.

Example 10: Determine the resultant of three forces


acting on the dam shown and
locate its intersection
24000 lbs
with the base AB. For
good design, this intersection should occur
within the middle
third of the base.
Does it?

Example 11: Serious neck injuries can occur when a


football player is struck in the face guard of his helmet
in the manner shown, giving rise to a guillotine
mechanism. Determine the
moment of the knee force
P=50lb about a point A.
What would be the magnitude
of the neck force F so that it
gives the counterbalancing
moment about point A.

Example 12: Find the resultant of the non-concurrent


force system, its direction and location from point A.
20KN/m

10KN/m

10KN/m

A
50KN

10KN/m
B

1m

2m

1m

1.5m

80KN

1.5m

A couple is comprised of two parallel, non-collinear


forces that are equal in magnitude but oppositely
directed.
F

Moment of a Couple = F*d


d

The moment of a couple is constant


and independent of the moment
center

F
X
A

A force can be resolved into another force and a couple.

10KN

2m

2m
10KN

10KN

10KN

20KN-m

Example 13:
Replace the System of forces
acting on the frame by a
resultant, R, acting at
Point A and a couple
acting Horizontally
through B and C.

Example 14:
A couple consists of two vertical forces of 60 lb each.
One force acts up through A and the other acts down
through D. Transform the couple into an equivalent
couple having horizontal
forces acting through
E and F.

Example 15: The three-step pulley shown in the figure is


subjected to the given couples. Compute the value
of the resultant couple. Also
determine the forces acting
at the rim of the middle
pulley that are required to
balance the given system.

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