MOBILE TRACKING

SEMINAR REPORT
BY

A.SUNEEL KUMAR
(14W65A0502)

Abstract

MOBILE TRACKING is based on J2ME and PHP. In todays fast world, mobile has become
one of the important commodities of a human being. It has become a necessity rather than a
luxurious commodity. The Mobile Tracking helps to track the current location of the mobile. It is
a web application. This application tracks the mobile location in every 5 seconds in connection
with the central tower. The Mobile Tracking application will be deployed in Symbian supporting
mobile phones. This system sends the following information to the server.
1.MobileID
2.Location
3. Time at which the device was present on the above location
The users of the mobile application can get the shop details of a place by providing the location.
The application will fetch the shop information on that location and display the details on the
mobilescreen.Intheproposedsystemwehavecreated
an application by means of which we can track the movement of the mobile phone of the desired
user. Each mobile phone has a unique Id and it is this ID that sets apart a mobile phone from
othermobilephones.BymeansofthisIDcanidentify
each mobile and track the mobile phone anywhere we want.
The web application is create using PHP with MySQL as database. This serves as the Admin
panel. Admin can log in using his credentials Admin has the following functionalities
OAddnewshopdetails
oUpdateanddeletetheshopdetails
o Get the history of the mobile by tracking the location and the time
The project consist of two major components
1.MobileTrackingSoftwaredeployedinthedevice
2. Web application which serves as the Admin Panel

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are very much grateful to our Seminar Guide Smt. M.DHANA LAKSHMI,
Assoc.Prof in Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SSCE, Chilakapalem
for her help, guidance and patience .she rendered to us in the completion of our Seminar
successfully.

We are glad to express our sincere thanks and respect to our Head of the Department
Prof. G .Rajendra Kumar, for supporting us in our project.

We extend our sincere gratitude to our Principal, Dr. G Ramesh Babu who has
made the atmosphere so easy to work.

Last but not the least we thank the lab authorities and staff members of Computer
Science and Engineering Department and everyone else who extended their help and
guidance in the completion of our project.

Sincerely
Seminar Associate

A.SUNEEL KUMAR
(14W65A0502)

A seminar report on

MOBILE TRACKING

Submitted By
A.SUNEEL KUMAR
14W65A0502

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

Smt M DHANA LAKSHMI
Assoc.Prof

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

SRI SIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(ACCREDITED BY NBA, NAAC APPROVED BY AICTE & AFFILIATED TO JNTU-K)
(An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Organization)

Chilakapalem Jn., Etcherla(M),

Srikakulam(Dist.)
2013-2017
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING
SRI SIVANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(ACCREDITED BY NBA, NAAC APPROVED BY AICTE & AFFILIATED TO JNTU-K)

(An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Organization)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this seminar work entitled MOBILE TRACKING is the bonafide work carried out by
A.SUNEEL KUMAR(14W65A0502) submitted in Partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Award of
Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering, during the year 2013-2017.

Faculty In-Charge

Head of the Department

(Smt M Dhana Lakshmi)

(Prof. G .Rajendra Kumar)

Seminar Supervisor
(Smt B Govinda Lakshmi)

INDEX

CHAPTER

TOPIC

Chapter-1

introduction

PAGE NO

1-2

1.1 Network-based

1.2 Handset-based

1.3 SIM-based

1.4 WiFi

1.5 Hybrid
4
Chapter-2

Operational purpose

Chapter-3
6

Privacy

3.1 China
6
3.2 Europe

3.3 United States

References

1.Introduction

Mobile positioning technology has become an important area of research, for emergency as well as for
commercial services. Mobile positioning in cellular networks will provide several services such as,
locating stolen mobiles, emergency calls, different billing tariffs depending on where the call is
originated, and methods to predict the user movement inside a region. The evolution to locationdependent services and applications in wireless systems continues to require the development of more
accurate and reliable mobile positioning technologies. The major challenge to accurate location
estimation is in creating techniques that yield acceptable performance when the direct path from the
transmitter to the receiver is intermittently blocked. This is the Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) problem,
and it is known to be a major source of error since it systematically causes mobile to appear farther
away from the base station (BS) than it actually is, thereby increasing the positioning error.
Location Tracking Curve Method
The method proposed by us for tracking the location of a mobile telephone using curves connecting
the points where circles intersect one another, the circles radii being the distances between BSs and the
mobile telephone. The steps involved are:
a. Each base station nearer to a mobile telephone receives a predetermined signal from the mobile
telephone and calculates the distance between the mobile telephone and the base station and
the variances of time arrival of the signal at the base station;
b. A circle is drawn to have a radius being the distance and the coordinates of the base station
being the center of the circle;
c. A pair of the first and the second base stations is selected among the base stations. A several
location tracking curves connecting two intersection points between the selected circles
corresponding to the first and the second base stations are drawn. One of the location tracking
curves is selected using the variances of the first and the second base stations;
d. The steps c. and d. are repeated for the other pairs of the base stations;
e. The intersection points are obtained among the location tracking curves selected in step d. and
e. and,
The location of the mobile telephone is determined using the coordinates of the intersection points
obtained in step e.

The several location tracking curves are parts of circles with centers near to the base station with
smaller variances between the first and the second base stations. The circles formed by the location
tracking curves have the centers on a line connecting the coordinates of the first and the second base
stations. The larger variances between the variances of the first and the second base stations are
compared to the variances of the several location tracking curves, and one of the location tracking
curves is selected according to the comparison result. The location coordinates of the mobile telephone
are determined by averaging the coordinates of the intersection points obtained in step (f).

Mobile phone tracking

Mobile phone tracking refers to the ascertaining of the position of a mobile phone, whether
stationary or moving. Localization may occur either via multilateration of radio signals between
(several) radio towers of the network and the phone, or simply via GPS. To locate the phone using
multilateration of radio signals, it must emit at least the roaming signal to contact the next nearby
antenna tower, but the process does not require an active call. The Global System for Mobile
Communications is based on the phone's signal strength to nearby antenna masts
Mobile positioning, which includes location-based services that disclose the actual coordinates of a
mobile phone bearer, is a technology used by telecommunication companies to approximate the
location of a mobile phone, and thereby also its user (bearer). The more properly applied
term locating refers to the purpose rather than a positioning process. Such service is offered as an
option of the class of location-based services (LBS)

Technology
The technology of locating is based on measuring power levels and antenna patterns and uses the
concept that a powered mobile phone always communicates wirelessly with one of the closest base
stations, so knowledge of the location of the base station implies the cell phone is nearby.
Advanced systems determine the sector in which the mobile phone resides and roughly estimate also
the distance to the base station. Further approximation can be done by interpolating signals between
adjacent antenna towers. Qualified services may achieve a precision of down to 50 meters in urban
areas where mobile traffic and density of antenna towers (base stations) is sufficiently high. Rural and
desolate areas may see miles between base stations and therefore determine locations less precisely.
GSM localization is the use of multilateration to determine the location of GSM mobile phones, or
dedicated trackers, usually with the intent to locate the user.
Localization-Based Systems can be broadly divided into:

1.1Network-based

Network-based techniques utilize the service provider's network infrastructure to identify the location
of the handset. The advantage of network-based techniques (from a mobile operator's point of view) is
that they can be implemented non-intrusively without affecting the handsets. Network-based
techniques were developed many years prior to the widespread availability of GPS on handsets,
see US 5519760, issued 21 May 1996 for one of the first works relating to this.
The accuracy of network-based techniques varies, with cell identification as the least accurate
and triangulation as moderately accurate, and newer "Forward Link" timing methods as the most
accurate. The accuracy of network-based techniques is both dependent on the concentration of base
station cells, with urban environments achieving the highest possible accuracy, and the implementation
of the most current timing methods.
One of the key challenges of network-based techniques is the requirement to work closely with the
service provider as it entails the installation of hardware and software within the operator's
infrastructure. Frequently the compulsion associated with a legislative framework, such as Enhanced
9-1-1, is required before a service provider will deploy a solution.

1.2Handset-based
Handset-based technology requires the installation of client software on the handset to determine its
location.[6] This technique determines the location of the handset by putting its location by cell
identification, signal strengths of the home and neighboring cells, which is continuously sent to the
carrier. In addition, if the handset is also equipped with GPS then significantly more precise location
information is then sent from the handset to the carrier.
The key disadvantage of this technique (from mobile operator's point of view) is the necessity of
installing software on the handset. It requires the active cooperation of the mobile subscriber as well as
software that must be able to handle the different operating systems of the handsets.
Typically, smartphones,
such
as
one
based
on Symbian, Windows
Mobile,Windows
Phone, BlackBerry OS, iOS, or Android, would be able to run such software, e.g. Google Maps.
One proposed work-around is the installation of embedded hardware or software on the handset by the
manufacturers, e.g., E-OTD. This avenue has not made significant headway, due to the difficulty of
convincing different manufacturers to cooperate on a common mechanism and to address the cost
issue. Another difficulty would be to address the issue of foreign handsets that are roaming in the
network.

1.3SIM-based
Using the SIM in GSM and UMTS handsets, it is possible to obtain raw radio measurements from the
handset. Available measurements include the serving Cell ID, round-trip time, and signal strength. The
type of information obtained via the SIM can differ from what is available from the handset. For
example, it may not be possible to obtain any raw measurements from the handset directly, yet still
obtain measurements via the SIM.

1.4WiFi
Crowdsourced Wifi data can also be used to identify a handset's location. Poor performance of the
GPS-based methods in indoor environment and increasing popularity of WiFi have encouraged
companies to design new and feasible methods to carry out WiFi-based indoor
positioning. Most smartphones combine Global Positioning Systems (GPS) with Wi-Fi positioning
systems.

1.5Hybrid
Hybrid positioning systems use a combination of network-based and handset-based technologies for
location determination. One example would be some modes of Assisted GPS, which can both
use GPS and network information to compute the location. Both types of data are thus used by the
telephone to make the location more accurate (i.e., A-GPS). Alternatively tracking with both systems
can also occur by having the phone attain its GPS-location directly from the satellites, and then having
the information sent via the network to the person that is trying to locate the telephone. Services
allowing such cellphone include Google Maps. Other examples would be LTE's OTDOA and ECellID.
There are also hybrid positioning systems which combine several different location approaches to
position mobile devices by WiFi, WiMAX, GSM, LTE, IP addresses, and network environment data.

2.Operational purpose
In order to route calls to a phone, the cell towers listen for a signal sent from the phone and negotiate
which tower is best able to communicate with the phone. As the phone changes location, the antenna
towers monitor the signal, and the phone is roamed to an adjacent tower as appropriate.
By comparing the relative signal strength from multiple antenna towers, a general location of a phone
can be roughly determined. Other means make use of the antenna pattern, which supports angular
determination and phase discrimination.

Newer phones may also allow the tracking of the phone even when turned on and not active in a
telephone call. This results from the roaming procedures that perform hand-over of the phone from
one base station to another.

NEED FOR MOBILE TRACKING

devices. The ability to obtain the geo-location of the Mobile Telephone (MT) in the cellular system
allows the network operators to facilitate new services to the mobile users. The most immediate
motivation for the cellular system to provide MT position is enhanced in accident emergency services.
The positioning of the mobile user could provide services like

Emergency service for subscriber safety.

Location sensitive billing.

Cellular Fraud detection.

Intelligent transport system services.

Efficient and effective network performance and managemen

3.Privacy
Locating or positioning touches upon delicate privacy issues, since it enables someone to check where
a person is without the person's consent. Strict ethics and security measures are strongly recommended
for services that employ positioning, and the user must give an informed, explicit consent to a service
provider before the service provider can compute positioning data from the user's mobile phone.

3.1China
China has proposed using this technology to track commuting patterns of Beijing city residents.
[12]
Aggregate presence of mobile phone users could be tracked in a privacy-preserving fashion

3.2Europe
In Europe most countries have a constitutional guarantee on the secrecy of correspondence, and
location data obtained from mobile phone networks is usually given the same protection as the
communication itself

3.3United States
In the US there is no explicit constitutional guarantee on the privacy of telecommunications, so use of
location data is limited by law. Law enforcement (like the police) can obtain permission to position
phones in emergency cases where people, including criminals are missing. The U.S. Department of
Justice has argued that current laws allow them to track suspects without having probable cause to
suspect a law is being violated. In some instances, law enforcement may even access a mobile phone's
internal microphone to eavesdrop on local conversations while the phone is switched off.
A secret interpretation of The Patriot Act, confirmed to exist,has been linked to secret widespread
location tracking.
Since 2005 the Electronic Frontier Foundation has been following some U.S. cases, including USA v.
Pen Register, regarding government tracking of individuals. In In re Application of the United States
for Historical Cell Site Data, 724 F.3d 600 (5th Cir. 2013), the United States Court of Appeals for the
Fifth Circuit held that the government does not need a warrant to compel cell phone providers to
disclose historical cell site information. In United States v. Davis (2014), theUnited States Court of
Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit ruled in a criminal case that obtaining cell phone location data
"without a warrant is a Fourth Amendment violation.

3.3.1.Commercial Privacy of Location Information in the United States

The US does limit commercial use of location information under the (US) Telecommunications Act, at
47 CFR 222. The Telecommunications Act, at 47 CFR 222(f), requires consent from the subscriber,
and prohibits telecommunication common carriers from accessing location information for purposes
other than system operation without consent of the customer.Businesses such as Locaid, which provide
tracking service based on subscriber information, require mobile users' consent prior to tracking.
Recent demands from new applications require positioning capabilities of mobile telephones or other
Efficient and effective network performance and management.

References
1.

"Tracking a suspect by any mobile phone: Tracking SIM and handset". BBC News. 2005-08-03.
Retrieved2010-01-02.

2.

"Location Based Services for Mobiles: Technologies and Standards, Shu Wang, Jungwon Min and
Byung K. Yi, IEEE International Conference on Communication (ICC) 2008, Beijing, ChinaDedicated tracker
example 1: KCS Beagle

3.

Dedicated tracker example 2: TraceME Micro

4.

Dedicated tracker example 3:Trax

5.

Handset-based mobile phone tracking app example 1: MobileTrack http://www.crystalball.tv/mobilephone-tracking/

6.

ETSI TS 102 223 V9.1.0 SIM standard

7.

Ted Gibbons (25 August 2008). "Vodafone Local Zone".PC World.

8.

"Q&A on Location Data". apple.com. Apple. Retrieved2013-03-08.

9.

Pourhomayoun; Fowler (2012). "Improving WLAN-Based Indoor Mobile Positioning Using

Sparsity". Asilomar Conference on Signal Processing 2012.

10.

Declan McCullagh and Anne Broache (6 December 2006)."Roving Bug in Cell Phones Used By FBI to
Eavesdrop on Syndicate". The Chicago Syndicate -BLOG.