GSM Radio Network Features
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Dynamic BTS Power Control
03813-LZU 108 3704 Uae Rev E
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GSM Radio Network Features
BTS Power Control, Performance Gain
BTS power control will reduce the number of mobiles
experiencing a very low C/I ratio
In addition BTS power control:
Saves battery in the BTS (if the power supply to the BTS
has been cut off and the BTS is operating on battery power)
Reduces the risk of bad speech quality due to MS
receiver saturation
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GSM Radio Network Features
GSM Radio Network Features
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General
Dynamic BTS Power Control is performed for Traffic channels
(TCHs) as well as for Stand alone dedicated control channels
(SDCCHs).
Power control of the SDCCHs is enabled with the switch
SDCCHREG.
All time slots on the BCCH frequency are transmitted on full power,
i.e. there is no Power Control of these time slots.
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GSM Radio Network Features
MS distribution
C/I Distributions
FHOP+BTSPC
FHOP+BTSPC+DTX
FHOP
Nothing
C/I
Acceptable C/I
FHOP
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Acceptable C/I
no FHOP
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GSM Radio Network Features
GSM Radio Network Features
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BTS Power Control
BTS output power
MS received power
Maximum
allowed
power level
Minimum
allowed
power level
Regulation area
BTS output power
Path loss
MS received power
Base station output power (dashed) and MS signal strength (solid) versus path loss.
Quality is not taken into account.
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GSM Radio Network Features
BTS Power Control
Example of BTS output power versus
rxqual SS is not taken into account
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GSM Radio Network Features
GSM Radio Network Features
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AMR Power Control
Separate regulation targets for MS/BTS Power Control
Only for AMR FR
AMR terminals use less power
AMR codec can handle the increased bit error
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GSM Radio Network Features
BTS Power Control, Measurement Procedure
Measurement report is sent
each SACCH period
(every 0.480 sec.)
th
g
en
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al
n
sig ality
ink
n l nk qu
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i
Do wn l
Do
Full
set 100 samples
12 samples
Sub set
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GSM Radio Network Features
GSM Radio Network Features
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BTS Power Control, Measurement Procedure
DL quality
DL signal strength
BTS power level used
DL DTX indicator
BSC
BTS power order
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GSM Radio Network Features
BTS Power Control, Consists of Four Stages
Preparation of
input data
Filtering of
measurements
Every SACCH period
Calculation of
power order
Send power order
(REGINTDL)
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GSM Radio Network Features
GSM Radio Network Features
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Step 1: Preparation of input data
Compensation for Frequency Hopping
SSTCH = SSM - (BSPWR-BSTXPWR +2*PLused ) / Nf
Compensation for down regulation
SS_COMP = SS TCH + 2* PLused
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GSM Radio Network Features
Step 2: Filtering of signal strength measurements
SSFILTERED (k) = b * SS_COMP(k) + a * SSFILTERED (k-1)
If SS_COMP(k) < SSFILTERED (k-1) then
L = SSLENDL else
L = SSLENDL * UPDWNRATIO / 100
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GSM Radio Network Features
GSM Radio Network Features
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Step 2: Filtering and compensation of quality
measurements
Q_COMP = RXQUAL_dB + 2*Plused
RXQUAL_dB is the measured quality transformed to C/I (in dB)
according to a nonlinear mapping
QFILTERED (k) = b * Q_COMP(k) + a * QFILTERED (k-1)
If Q_COMP(k) < QFILTERED (k-1) then
L = QLENDL else
L = QLENDL * UPDWNRATIO / 100
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GSM Radio Network Features
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Relations due to non-linear rxqual to C/I mapping
QDESDL [dtqu]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
rxqual
C/I [dB]
23
19
17
15
13
11
Example: If QDESDL = 35 then SIR = 15+(13-15)*0,5 = 14 dB
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GSM Radio Network Features
GSM Radio Network Features
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Step 3: Calculation of power order
pui = i * (SSDESDL - SS FILTERED) + i * (QDESDL_dB - QFILTERED)
i = 1,2
QDESDL_dB is QDESDL expressed in C/I (in dB)
(pathloss compensation)
1 = LCOMPDL / 100
1 = QCOMPDL / 100
(quality compensation)
(pathloss compensation)
2 = 0.3
(quality compensation)
2 = 0.4
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GSM Radio Network Features
Step 3: Calculation of power order (AMR FR)
pui =
i * (SSDESDLAFR - SS FILTERED) +
i * (QDESDLAFR_dB - QFILTERED)
i = 1,2
QDESDLAFR_dB is QDESDLAFR expressed in C/I (in dB)
1 = LCOMPDL / 100
(pathloss compensation)
(quality compensation)
1 = QCOMPDL / 100
(pathloss compensation)
2 = 0.3
2 = 0.4
(quality compensation)
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GSM Radio Network Features
GSM Radio Network Features
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Conversion of output data
The two power orders are calculated simultaneously and the one with
the highest value (minimum down regulation) is used:
pu = max(pu1 ,pu2 )
The power order is converted to PLused representation and transmitted
to the BTS:
PLused = Int(-pu/2 ) [0..15]
where PLused is the power level. PLused = 0 represents full power and
PLused = 15 represents 30 dB down regulation.
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GSM Radio Network Features
If the BSC does not receive the Measurement result from a BTS, the
power regulation is inhibited for that connection. At the same time the
REGINTDL counting is suspended. When a Measurement result is
received again, power regulation and REGINTDL counting are
resumed.
The signal strength filter will not be updated when signal strength
results (measured in the Measurement report) are missing. This means
that the output from the signal strength filter is held until the next value
is received.
Missing quality values in the Measurement report are set to the worst
possible value. This means that missing quality values are interpreted as
rxqual =7.
If information about the BTS power level used is missing in the
Measurement report, the missing values are set to the latest calculated
power order.
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GSM Radio Network Features
GSM Radio Network Features
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Power order constraints
Dynamic power range limitation is applied if the unconstrained power
order is outside the dynamic range:
If the unconstrained power order is higher than BSPWRT,
the power order is set equal to zero.
The lowest allowed power order is given by the maximum of
a
BSPWRT - minimum output power for the BTS
-30
BSTXPWR - BSPWRMIN
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GSM Radio Network Features
Handover power boost
The coding of the handover command is NOT as robust as for
speech coding.
Handover command should therefore always be sent on maximum
power in order to maximize the handover performance.
With Handover power boost, the handover command is sent by the
BSC/BTS to the MS on highest possible output power.
When the handover power boost is triggered, normal regulation is
inhibited until the MS has received the handover command.
The BTS ignores all BTS or MS power orders sent by the BSC in
the serving cell until the MS has acknowledged the handover
command.
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GSM Radio Network Features
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GSM Radio Network Features
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Regulation procedure
When a TCH connection is set up, in some situations maximum
nonfigurative output power is always used, for example at:
assignment of a TCH.
assignment failure or handover failure.
intra-cell handover and subcell change.
inter-cell handover.
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GSM Radio Network Features
Multislot configuration
If the channel is a main channel in a multislot configuration, the
difference between the computed power order and the previous power
order must exceed a hysteresis of two dB before a new power order is
sent.
BTS power regulation on bi-directional channels is done independently
of the other channels.
For uni-directional channels BTS Power Control is activated without
starting normal power regulation. No Measurement reports will be
received for uni-directional channels. Instead the BTS power value of
the main channel is distributed to the uni-directionals in the multislot
configuration.
In a multislot configuration only the main channel is affected by the
handover power boost.
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GSM Radio Network Features
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GSM Radio Network Features
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Interactions with other features
The desired regulation performance can be achieved through a well balanced
combination of the following
the BTS Power Control parameters SSDESDLAFR, SSDESDL and
QDESDLAFR and QDESDL that set the limits for how close to the noise floor
(how low rxlev) and how high in interference (how high rxqual) down
regulation can be performed.
the quality compensation factor QCOMPDL and the path loss compensation
factor LCOMPDL
the intra-cell handover area defined by QOFFSETDL and QOFFSETDLAFR
the threshold triggering bad quality urgency handovers, QLIMDL and
QLIMDLAFR
the lengths of the locating quality filter QLENSD and the power control quality
filter, QLENDL.
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GSM Radio Network Features
Frequency Planning aspects
In order to utilize BTS Power Control in an optimum way, it is
preferable to use a dedicated BCCH band
In a network with tight reuse and if the BCCH carriers are allocated in
a continuous band, it is beneficial to use a more aggressive setting
than the recommended, e.g. by increasing QCOMPDL to 65
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GSM Radio Network Features
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GSM Radio Network Features
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Static behavior of the recommended parameter setting
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GSM Radio Network Features
Aggressive parameter setting towards quality
This setting is rather aggressive, also towards signal
strength and down regulation. Only parameter QDESDL
has been changed compared to recommended setting
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GSM Radio Network Features
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GSM Radio Network Features
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Aggressive regulation towards low rxlev
MSs with low signal strength also get down regulated
in case of good quality.
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GSM Radio Network Features
Moderate parameter setting
Only parameter QDESDL has been changed
compared to recommended setting
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GSM Radio Network Features
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GSM Radio Network Features
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Moderate parameter setting, more aggressive towards
down regulation.
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GSM Radio Network Features
Moderate parameter setting with path loss compensation
factor LCOMPDL set to10.
This results in a very aggressive behavior towards down regulation.
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GSM Radio Network Features
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GSM Radio Network Features
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Value ranges and default values
Default
value
Rec. value
SSDESDL
QDESDL
-70
20
-90
30
SSDESDLAFR
QDESDLAFR
LCOMPDL
QCOMPDL
-70
20
70
30
-90(3)
40(3)
5
55
Value
range
-110 to 47
0 to 70
-110 to 47
0 to 70
0 to 100
0 to 100
REGINTDL
1 to 10
SSLENDL
3 to 15
QLENDL
SDCCHREG
8
OFF
3
ON
1 to 20
ON, OFF
BSPWRMIN
BSTXPWR
-20
-20
UPDWNRATIO
STEPLIMDL
200
OFF
300
OFF
-20 to +50
0 to 80
100 to
700
ON, OFF
Parameter name
03813-LZU 108 3704 Uae Rev E
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Unit
dBm
dtqu
dBm
dtqu
%
%
SACCH
periods
SACCH
periods
SACCH
periods
dBm
dBm
%
GSM Radio Network Features
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Coefficients for the exponential filters used
Filter length L
Filter coefficient a
Filter length L
Filter coefficient a
0.1000
16
0.8660
0.3162
17
0.8733
0.4642
18
0.8799
0.5623
19
0.8859
0.6310
20
0.8913
0.6813
21
0.8962
0.7197
22
0.9006
0.7499
23
0.9047
0.7743
24
0.9085
10
0.7943
25
0.9120
11
0.8111
26
0.9152
12
0.8254
27
0.9183
13
0.8377
28
0.9211
14
0.8483
29
0.9237
15
0.8577
30
0.9261
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GSM Radio Network Features
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