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Project Report-Seismic Sensor

This document describes a seismic sensor circuit that detects vibrations using a piezo element. The vibrations are amplified by an IC TL071 operational amplifier and used to trigger a NE555 timer IC in monostable mode. This activates an alarm with an LED and buzzer. The circuit aims to monitor restricted areas and could be modified to connect to a seismograph to detect earthquake intensities. It was created by three electronics students at their institution.

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shantanukotkar91
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246 views

Project Report-Seismic Sensor

This document describes a seismic sensor circuit that detects vibrations using a piezo element. The vibrations are amplified by an IC TL071 operational amplifier and used to trigger a NE555 timer IC in monostable mode. This activates an alarm with an LED and buzzer. The circuit aims to monitor restricted areas and could be modified to connect to a seismograph to detect earthquake intensities. It was created by three electronics students at their institution.

Uploaded by

shantanukotkar91
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEISMIC SENSOR

Shantanu V Kotkar
Class: SE B
Branch: Electronics
Roll no.: 0912101

Sohil S Shah
Class: SE B
Branch: Electronics
Roll no.: 0912108

Suraj D Kothari
Class: SE B
Branch: Electronics
Roll no.: 0912110

Abstract:
The Seismic Sensor is an electronic sensor device
which detects mechanical vibrations caused by
movements of animals and human beings. It uses IC
TL071 to amplify the input signal and IC NE555 in
the monostable mode to activate the buzzer.

In the circuit, IC TL071is wired as a differential


amplifier with both its inverting and non-inverting
inputs tied to the negative rail through a resistive
network.

IC-555:

Introduction:
The IC-TL071 is an operational amplifier which is
used in this circuit because of its high input
impedance and low noise susceptibility.
The IC-NE555 is a timer which can be used for
various purposes because of the simplicity of its
operation. In this circuit it is used in its monostable
mode to receive input from the amplifier and activate
the buzzer.

The IC-555 is an electronic timer. The two primary


versions are bipolar design and CMOS equivalent.
These differences primarily affect the amount of
power they require and their maximum frequency of
operation. They are pin-compatible and functionally
interchangeable.

IC TL071:
The TL071 is high speed J-FET input single
operational amplifier. It incorporates a well matched,
high voltage J-FET and bipolar transistors in a
monolithic integrated circuit. In this circuit, 071 is
preferred over the traditional 741 because of its high
input impedance, low noise susceptibility and faster
slew rates.

Fig: Pin Diagram of IC-TL071

Fig:Pin diagram of IC555

Name

Purpose

GND

Ground, low level (0 V)

TRIG

OUT rises, and interval starts, when


this input falls below 1/3 VCC.

OUT

This output is driven to +VCC or GND.

A timing interval may be interrupted by


RESET
driving this input to GND.

CTRL

"Control" access to the internal voltage


divider (by default, 2/3 VCC).

THR

The interval ends when the voltage at


THR is greater than at CTRL.

DIS

Open collector output; may discharge a


capacitor between intervals.

V+, VCC

Positive supply voltage is usually


between 3 and 15 V.

The high to low voltage transition on the trigger input


causes the Flip-Flop to become set. This releases the
short circuit (created by holding of the discharge pin
low) across capacitor C1.At this point the output goes
high.
Capacitor C1 then begins to charge and the voltage
across
it
begins
to
increase.
When it reaches 2/3 V+ the Flip-Flop is reset. This
causes capacitor C1 to discharge very quickly and the
output goes low.

Fig:

Circuit Diagram of IC555 in monostable

mode

The Seismic Sensor:

Internal circuit of IC 555

This circuit can be used for detecting mechanical


vibrations caused due to movement of animals or
human beings. A piezo element is used to detect the
vibrations. It operates under the principle of
piezoelectricity. The output is displayed in the form of
blinking LEDs and a buzzer.

Monostable Operation:
In monostable mode the device produces a one
shotpulsed output. The pulse is started by taking the
trigger input from a high (V+) to a low voltage. Once
triggered the circuit remains in this state even if
triggered again during
the pulse interval.
The pulse high time is given by:
t = 1.1 x R1 x C1
Fig: Seismic Sensor circuit

transistor and the buzzer starts beeping along with


Red light indication from the second LED.

Components used:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

IC TL071
IC NE555
2 Transistors BC548
2 Resistors 100k ohm
2 Resistors 10k ohm
2 Resistors 1k ohm
1 Resistor 470k ohm
1 Resistor 470 ohm
1 Resistor 330 ohm
1 Resistor 1M ohm
1 Potentiometer 1M ohm
2 Capacitors 10u F
2 Capacitors 100u F
1 Capacitor 0.1u F
1 Capacitor 0.01u F
2 LEDs
1 Piezo element
1Piezo buzzer
1 ON-OFF Switch
1 9V supply battery

Conclusion:
The seismic sensor detects mechanical vibrations
caused due to movement of human beings/animals or
any other source.

PCB LAYOUT

Working
Applications:
The seismic sensor circuit sounds an alarm on
detection of vibrations caused due to movement of
animals or human beings.
A standard piezo sensor is used to detect vibrations
due to pressure changes. The piezo element acts as a
small capacitor having capacitance of a few
nanofarads. Like a capacitor, it can store charge when
a potential is applied to its terminals.
When the piezo element is disturbed, it discharges the
stored charge. This alters the voltage level at inputs of
IC TL071 and the output momentarily swings high
which is indicated by the green LED. This high output
triggers the switching transistor, which in turn triggers
the monostable IC NE555. The timing period of
NE555 is set to a value of around two minutes using
the 1M ohm resistor and 100u F capacitor. The high
output from the timer IC activated the second

Since this circuit activates an alarm on detection of


vibrations, it can be used to monitor restricted areas to
restrict entry of unwanted persons or animals. With
some modification and additional circuitry, this circuit
can be connected to a seismograph to detect the
intensity of tremors and earthquakes.

Acknowledgments:
We would like to thank our electronic workshop in
charge, Ms.Bhargavi Kulkarni, and all professors of
the electronics department who have helped us by
their help and advice. We would also like to thank Lab
Assistant Ms.Rashmi Gokhale, who has been
constantly there for us whenever we were in need and
helped us in whatever ways possible. We would also
like to thank all those who have contributed towards
the development of our project.

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