IJOSAT Vol.

2, Issue 2, Oct - Dec 2014

ISSN: 0976-7578 (Online)

Distributed traffic management framework

by Network parameters
1

1,2

Abstract:
This paper propose a distributed traffic
management framework, in which routers are
deployed with intelligent data rate controllers to
tackle the traffic mass. Unlike other explicit
traffic control protocols that have to estimate
network parameters in order to compute the
allowed source sending rate our fuzzy-logicbased controller can measure the router queue
size directly; hence it avoids various potential
performance problems arising from parameter
estimations while reducing much consumption
of computation and memory resources in
routers. As a network parameter, the queue size
can be accurately monitored and used to
proactively decide if action should be taken to
regulate the source sending rate, thus increasing
the resilience of the network to traffic
congestion. The communication Quality of
Service is assured by the good performances of
our scheme such as max-min fairness, low
queuing delay and good robustness to network
dynamics.

1. INTRODUCTION:
Data Network traffic management can
prevent a network from severe congestion and
degradation in throughput delay performance.
Traffic congestion control is one of the effective
approaches to manage the network traffic.
Historically TCP is a widely deployment
congestion control protocol that tackles the
Internet traffic.
As an alternative, a class of explicit
congestion control protocols has been proposed
to signal network traffic level more precisely by
using multiple bits. Examples are the XCP [6],
RCP [11], JetMax [12] and MaxNet [13]. These
protocols have their controllers reside in routers
and directly feed link information back to
sources so that the link bandwidth could be

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efficiently utilized with good scalability and

stability in high BDP networks.
JetMax and MaxNet signal network
congestion by providing the required fair rate or
the maximum link price, and then the final
sending rate is decided by sources according to
some demand functions or utility functions.
XCP feeds back the required increment or
decrement of the sending rate, while RCP
directly signals sources with the admissible
sending rate according to which source space
their throughput.
There are some explicit protocols that
appear to compute the sending rates based solely
on the queue size, but in fact they still need to
estimate the number of active flows in a router
and this consumes CPU and memory resources.
The ER allocation algorithms in ATM networks
also share the same problems because they need
to evaluate the link bandwidth and/or the
numbers of active Virtual Circuits.
The perspective of network and service
management the aforementioned congestion
control approaches have QoS problems in that
they cannot guarantee a certain level of
performance under some situations due to design
drawbacks. There are many different approaches
to improve QoS. fuzzy logic control has been
widely applied in industrial process control and
showed extraordinary and mature control
performance in accuracy, transient response,
robustness and stability.
The contributions of our work lie in:
1. Using fuzzy logic theory to design an
explicit rate-based traffic management
scheme for the high-speed IP-networks.
2. The application of such a fuzzy logic
controller using less performance
parameters while providing better
performances than the existing explicit
traffic control protocols.

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International Journal of Science And Technology

IJOSAT Vol. 2, Issue 2, Oct - Dec 2014

3. The design of a Fuzzy Smoother

mechanism that can generate relatively
smooth flow throughput.
4. The capability of our algorithm to
provide max-min fairness even under
large network dynamics that usually
render many existing controllers
unstable.

2. TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLE AND MODELING:
We consider a backbone network
interconnected by a number of geographically
distributed routers, in which hosts are attached
to the access routers which cooperate with the
core
routers
to
enable
end-to-end
communications. Congestion occurs when many
flows traverse a router and cause its IQSize to
exceed the buffer capacity thus making it a
bottleneck in the Internet. The receiver then
sends this value back to the source via an ACK
(ACKnowledgment) packet, and the source
would update its current sending rate
accordingly.

ISSN: 0976-7578 (Online)

3. THE INTELRATE
CONTROLLER DESIGN:
In order to remove the steady state error,
we choose the integration of e(t) as the other
input of the controller, i.e. g (e (t)) = f e (t)
dt. The aggregate output is y (t) = ui (t
i). Under heavy traffic situations, the
IntelRate controller would compute an
allowed sending rate ui(t) for flow i
according to the current IQSize so that q(t)
can be stabilized around q0. In our design,
IQSize q(t) is the only parameter each router
needs to measure in order to complete the
closed-loop control.

3.1 Linguistic Description and Rule Base:

We define the crisp inputs e(t), g(e(t))
and output u(t) with the linguistic variables e1
(t), g1 (e (t)) and u1 (t), respectively. There aren
N(N = 1, 2, 3, . . .) LVs (Linguistic Values)
assigned to each of these linguistic variables.

3.2

Our IntelRate controller employs the

isosceles triangular and trapezoid-like functions
as its MFs (Membership Functions). To
determine how much a rule is certain to a current
situation our controller applies the Zadeh AND
logic [46] to perform the inference mechanism.

3.3
Fig. 1. The IntelRate closed-loop control system.

The following assumptions for the

remainder of this paper pertain.
1 Every source requests a desired sending
rate from the network according to its
application.
2 A destination always has enough buffer
space to receive data from its source.
3 The propagation delay and the queuing
delay along the data path are the two
dominant components.
4 The queuing discipline of routers is
FIFO (First-In-First-Out).
5 Long-lived flows with infinitely long
files are used to approximate the greedy
behavior of a source when active.

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Membership
Function,
Fuzzification and Reference:

Defuzzification:

For the defuzzification algorithm, the

IntelRate controller applies the COG (Center of
Gravity) method to obtain the crisp output.

3.4

Design Parameters:

From our design above, one can see there

are different parameters which ultimately will
affect the performance of our traffic controller.
Below are the discussions of some important
design issues we have experienced. Some of
them were determined via our extensive
experiments.

3.5

The Control Procedure:

The new field in the packet congestion

header that we need to support our controller
algorithm for the operation principle mentioned
in Section II. As discussed we need to include in
the congestion header a new field called
req_rate to carry the desired sending rate from
the source and which will be continuously

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International Journal of Science And Technology

IJOSAT Vol. 2, Issue 2, Oct - Dec 2014

ISSN: 0976-7578 (Online)

updated by the allowed sending rate when the

packet passes each router.

4. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
The capability of the IntelRate controller is
demonstrated by performance evaluations
through a series of experiments. We will first
describe the simulated network and performance
measures of a case study in Section A. Section B
demonstrates the system robustness upon large
network changes. Queueing jitter control and the
effect of short-lived traffic will be discussed in
Sections C and D. Section E evaluates the
bandwidth utilization and packet loss rate of the
IntelRate controller. Finally, Section F discusses
the choices of some design parameters. For the
following evaluation, we choose N = 9, m = 8
and the delay of TBO10ms, while B = 10*q0
and d = 50ms using the design principles.

4.1 Simulated Network:

The single bottleneck network in Fig. 6
is used to investigate the controller behavior of
the most congested router. We choose Router 1
as the only bottleneck in the network, whereas
Router 2 is configured to have sufficiently high
service rate and big buffer B so that congestion
never happens there.

Fig 7: Flow throughput dynamics.

5. CONCLUSION
A novel traffic management scheme, called
the IntelRate controller, has been proposes to
manage the Internet congestion in order to
assure the quality of service for different service
applications. The controller is designed by
paying attention to the disadvantages as well as
the advantages of the existing congestion control
protocols. As a distributed operation in
networks, the IntelRate controller uses the
instantaneous queue size alone to effectively
throttle the source sending rate with max-min
fairness. Unlike the existing explicit traffic
control protocols that potentially suffer from
performance problems or high router resource
consumption due to the estimation of the
network parameters the IntelRate controller can
overcome those fundamental deficiencies.

6. REFERENCES
[1] M. Welzl, Network Congestion Control:
Managing Internet Traffic. John Wiley & Sons
Ltd., 2005.

Fig. 6. Simulation network.

4.2 Queuing Jitter Control

One main source of the network latency
oscillations comes from the dynamics of
queuing delay in the routers. In most cases,
whenever the queue size is out of control or
oscillating too much, the queuing jitter
performance degrades.

[2] R. Jain, Congestion control and traffic

management in ATM networks: recent advances
and a survey, Computer Networks ISDN Syst.,
vol. 28, no. 13, pp. 17231738, Oct. 1996.
[3] V. Jacobson, Congestion avoidance and
control, in Proc. 1988 SIGCOMM, pp. 314
329.
[4] V. Jacobson, Modified TCP congestion
avoidance algorithm, Apr. 1990.
[5] K. K. Ramakrishnan and S. Floyd,
Proposals to add explicit congestion
notification (ECN) to IP, RFC 2481, Jan. 1999.

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International Journal of Science And Technology

IJOSAT Vol. 2, Issue 2, Oct - Dec 2014

[6] D. Katabi, M. Handley, and C. Rohrs,

Congestion control for high bandwidth-delay
product networks, in Proc. 2002 SIGCOMM,
pp. 89 102.
[7] S. H. Low, F. Paganini, J.Wang, et al.,
Dynamics of TCP/AQM and a scalable
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[8] S. Floyd, High-speed TCP for large
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[9] W. Feng and S. Vanichpun, Enabling
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[10] M. M. Hassani and R. Berangi, An
analytical model for evaluating utilization of
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[11] N. Dukkipati, N. McKeown, and A. G.
Fraser, RCP-AC congestion control to make
flows complete quickly in any environment, in
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[12] Y. Zhang, D. Leonard, and D. Loguinov,
JetMax: scalable max-min congestion control
for high-speed heterogeneous networks, in
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[13] B. Wydrowski, L. Andrew, and M.
Zukerman, MaxNet: a congestion control
architecture for scalable networks, IEEE
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[14] Y. Zhang and M. Ahmed, A control
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INFOCOM, vol. 4, pp. 28312835.
[15] Y. Zhang and T. R. Henderson, An
implementation and experimental study of the
explicit control protocol (XCP), in Proc. 2005
IEEE INFOCOM, vol. 2, pp. 10371048.

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[16] J. Pu and M. Hamdi, Enhancements on

router-assisted congestion control for wireless
networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol.
7, no. 6, pp. 22532260, June 2008.
[17] F. Abrantes, J. Araujo, and M. Ricardo,
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[18] L. Benmohamed and S. M. Meerkov,
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[19] Y. Hong and O. Yang, Design of adaptive
PI rate controller for besteffort traffic in the
Internet based on phase margin, IEEE Trans.
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[20] W. Hu and G. Xiao, Design of congestion
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16.

Miss V.Vijaya is a
student of Vizag
institute
of
Technology,
Vishakhapatnam,.
Presently he is
pursuing his M.Tech
[Computer Science Engineering] from this
college and he received his B.Tech , Vizag
institute of Technology affiliated to JNT
University, Kakinada in the year 2012. Her
area of interest includes Information
Security and Object oriented Programming
languages, all current trends and techniques
in Computer Science.

__________________________________________________
International Journal of Science And Technology

IJOSAT Vol. 2, Issue 2, Oct - Dec 2014

ISSN: 0976-7578 (Online)

Mr.SK,Shaffiulilah well
known
Author
and
excellent
teacher
Received M.Tech (CSE)
from Gitam university is
working as Assistant
Professor a, Department of CSE, M.Tech
Computer science engineering , Vizag Institute
of Engineering and Technology, He is an active
member of ISTE. .He has 7 years of teaching
experience in various engineering colleges. To
his credit couple of publications both national
and international conferences . His area of
Interest includes information security,Cloud
Computing flavors of Unix Operating systems
and other advances in computer Applications.

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International Journal of Science And Technology