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Answer Key HW3

1) This document contains an answer key for homework problems involving calculus concepts such as limits, derivatives, critical points, concavity, and sketching graphs. 2) The problems cover a range of calculus topics including finding derivatives, applying the first and second derivative tests, solving optimization problems, and determining intervals of increasing/decreasing/concavity for functions. 3) The detailed solutions provide work showing calculations of derivatives up to the second order, setting expressions equal to critical values, applying tests, and summarizing the key features of functions in tables to aid in graph sketching.

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Arlan Rodrigo
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252 views

Answer Key HW3

1) This document contains an answer key for homework problems involving calculus concepts such as limits, derivatives, critical points, concavity, and sketching graphs. 2) The problems cover a range of calculus topics including finding derivatives, applying the first and second derivative tests, solving optimization problems, and determining intervals of increasing/decreasing/concavity for functions. 3) The detailed solutions provide work showing calculations of derivatives up to the second order, setting expressions equal to critical values, applying tests, and summarizing the key features of functions in tables to aid in graph sketching.

Uploaded by

Arlan Rodrigo
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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ANSWER KEY - HOMEWORK # 3

1
x2$sin K0
f x Kf 0 x 1
1.) By definition, f ' 0 = lim = lim = lim x$sin =0
x/0 x K0 x/0 x x/0 x
Thus f ' 0 exists and f ' 0 = 0
2.) Note that since f x is an even differentiable function, f ' x is an odd function. Also, the second
derivative of f x exists for certain values of x. And since f ' x is odd, then f '' x must be even.
Now g x = x$f x2 0 g' x = x$f ' x2 2 x Cf x2 = 2 x2$f ' x2 Cf x2
g'' x = 2 x2$f '' x2 2 x Cf ' x2 2 x Cf ' x2 2 x = 4 x3$f '' x2 C 6 x $ f ' x2
g'' K1 = 4 K1 3$f '' 1 C6 K1 $f ' 1 = K4 $f '' K1 C6$f ' K1 = K4 0 C 6 1 = 6

3.) Given f x = xa$ 1 Kx b with a, b O 0.


f ' x = xa b 1 Kx b K 1 K1 C 1 Kx b a xa K 1 = xa K 1 1 Kx b K 1 Kbx Ca 1 Kx
To find the critical numbers, set f ' x = 0. So,
a
f ' x = xa K 1 1 Kx b K 1 a K a Cb x = 0 0 x = 0, 1,
a Cb
Finally, if we evaluate at the endpoints and at the critical numbers, we get :
a b
a a a aa bb
f 0 = 0, f 1 = 0, f = 1K = O0
a Cb a Cb a Cb a Cb a C b
a
a bb
Thus the maximum value of f x on 0, 1 is
a Cb a C b
2 3
sin x Ccos x
4.) f x = . We can let H x = sin2 x $cos x3 , L x = 1 Cx Ctan 4 x
1 Cx Ctan 4 x
H ' x = sin2 x $ Ksin x3 3 x2 Ccos x3 $2sin x cos x
= 2 sin x cos x cos x3 K3 x2 sin2 x sin x3
1
L' x = 1 Cx K1/2 C4 sec2 4 x
2
L x $H ' x KH x $L ' x
f' x =
L x 2
2 K1/3 2 dy
5.) If x2/3 Cy2/3 = 1 with x, y R 0, differentiating implicitly we getx C yK1/3 =0
3 3 dx
For the pts. 1, 0 and 0, 1 on the curve, obviously the length of the line segment is 1. If x, y s 0,
dy y 1/3
then = K . Let a, b be on the curve so that a2/3 Cb2/3 = 1 a, b O 0
dx x
b 1/3
Then the tangent line to the curve at a, b has equation y = K x Ka Cb &
a
In & , we set x = 0 to solve for the y Kintercept to get :
b 1/3
y= K 0 Ka Cb 0 y = b1/3a2/3 Cb 0 y = b1/3 a2/3 Cb2/3 0 y = b1/3
a
So the y Kintercept has coordinates 0 , b1/3
Similarly, we set y = 0 in & to solve for the x Kintercept to get :
b 1/3
0= K x Ka Cb 0 x = a1/3b2/3 Ca 0 x = a1/3 b2/3 Ca2/3 0 x = a1/3
a
So the x Kintercept has coordinates a1/3 , 0
The distance between the x Kintercept and the y Kintercept is the length of the line segment in the
2 2
first quadrant. And it is given by d = 0 Ka1/3 C b1/3 K0 = a2/3 Cb2/3 = 1
Conclusion : The length of the required longest line segment is 1 and is achieved by any ordered pair
a, b with a, b R 0
1
6.) We know by the IVT that d c in 0, 1 such that f c = . We will apply the MVT on the intervals
2
0, c and c, 1 .
f c Kf 0 1/2 1 1
On the interval 0, c , d a such that f ' a = = = 0 =2 c
c K0 c 2c f' a
f 1 Kf c 1/2 1
On the interval c, 1 , d b such that f ' b = = =
1 Kc 1Kc 2 1 Kc
1 1 1
0 = 2 K2 c. Clearly a and b are distinct and C = 2 c C 2 K2 c = 2
f' b f' a f' b

7.) We know that 1, 2 is on f so that f 1 = a Cb Cc = 2 1


f ' x = 3 ax2 C2 bx Cc. And we know that f ' 1 = 3 a C2 b Cc =K2 (2)
f '' x = 6 ax C2 b. Since we have a pt. of inflection at 1, 2 , f '' 1 = 6 a C2 b = 0 3
We now have 3 equations in 3 unknowns and the solution set is : a = 4, b =K12, c = 10

8.) The illustration on the right


summarizes a possible graph
for f '' x and f x

a f x is increasing on the
following intervals :
2, 4 , 6, 9
f x is decreasing on the
following intervals :
0, 2 , 4, 6
b f x has a local minimum
at x = 2, 6
f x has a local maximum
at x = 4
d f x is concave downward
on the following intervals :
0, 1 , 3, 5 , 7, 8
f x is concave upward
on the following intervals :
1, 3 , 5, 7 , 8, 9

9.) The following are some tips in sketching the graph of a function f x by hand :
(1) Determine the domain of the function
(2) Determine the intercepts of the function
(3) Determine symmetries of the function ( if the function is even, odd, or periodic )
(4) Determine the asymptotes of the function
(5) Compute for f ' x and by using the Increasing / Decreasing Test, determine the intervals where
the graph of f x is increasing and the intervals where the graph of f x is decreasing
(6) Find the critical numbers of f x by setting f ' x = 0 or determining the values of x for which
f ' x does not exist. Determine the function values at each critical number and decide if each
critical number will yield a local maximum value or local minimum value
(7) Compute for f '' x and use the Concavity Test to determine the intervals where the graph of f x
is concave downward and the intervals where the graph of f x is concave upward
(8) Determine possible points of inflection by setting f '' x = 0 or determining the values of x for
which f '' x does not exist. Determine the function values at each possible point of inflection
(9) Set up a table to summarize all the information and use them to make a rough sketch of f x

x2 1 2 K1
Example : f x = = 1 C = 1 C x K1
x2 K1 x2 K1
(1) Domain : =! K1, 1
(2) Intercepts : 0, 0
(3) f x is an even function so we can just concern ourselves for x R 0
(4) lim f x = 1, so y = 1 is a H.A.
x /CN
lim f x = CN and since f x is even, we know that x =K1 and x = 1 are V.A.s
x/1 C
2x
(5) f ' x =K 2
For x O 0, f' x ! 0 and for x ! 0, f' x O 0 ( of course x sK1, 1 )
x2 K1
(6) The only critical number is at x = 0 and we know f 0 = 0, which is a local maximum value
2
x2 K1 K2 C 2 x 2 x2 K1 2x 8 x2 K2 x2 K1 6 x2 C2
(7) f '' x = 4
= 3
= 3
x2 K1 x2 K1 x2 K1
We notice that f '' x O 0 on KN,K1 and 1,CN and f '' x ! 0 on K1, 1
(8) There are no points of inflection
(9) We summarize all the information in a table and sketch the function
1
10.) Let f x = mxK1 C . We want to find the minimum positive value for m so that f x R 0 for
x
1
x O 0. Note that f x is differentiable for x O 0 since f ' x = m K 2 is defined. The only critical
x
1 1 1
number is at x = and when x O , f ' x O 0 so that f x is increasing on ,CN .
m m m
1 1
Also, f x is decreasing on 0, . Thus, f x has an absolute minimum at x = on the
m m
interval 0,CN . Since we want f x R 0 for positive values of x and since we have an absolute
1 1 1 1
minimum at x = , then f =m K1 C =0
m m m 1/ m
1
0 m K1 C m = 0 0 m =
4

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