Trainers Guide

INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the Trainers Guide for the TeachingEnglish - TKT Essentials course. This guide provides
course trainers with information they need to conduct a course effectively.
This guide includes:

an introduction to the course rationale intended audience, delivery methods, trainer

requirements, etc.

an overview of the course syllabus

advice to trainers on pre-course preparation

an introduction to the course materials and how to get the most out of them

a bibliography of suggested reading and weblinks.

It is strongly recommended that you read this document thoroughly before beginning to plan a
course even if you are an experienced trainer and familiar with the TKT.

THE COURSE
This course has been designed to provide teachers with an introduction to the basic theory associated with
a communicative approach to English language teaching. The course structure and content is based on
the syllabus of the Cambridge ESOL Teaching Knowledge Test (TKT). If you are not familiar with TKT,
you can find comprehensive information about the exam as well as sample tests, resources and a TKT
glossary on the Cambridge ESOL website at http://www.cambridgeesol.org/TKT/.
While the course can be used to prepare participants to take the TKT exam, it does not, at this time,
contain practice materials for TKT. Anecdotal evidence suggests many teachers who find this type of
course useful do not go on to take the test. With this in mind, the focus of the course is on providing
teachers with an introduction to methodology rather than practice for the TKT exam.

AUDIENCE
The course has been written to accommodate as wide an audience as possible. The following groups of
state or private English teachers are anticipated:

teachers who are preparing to take the TKT test either because they feel a UK accredited test
improves their prospects of promotion or because it has been recognised and credited by their
Education Department

experienced teachers who want to refresh/update their knowledge of the theory of communicative
language teaching (CLT)

experienced teachers who are not familiar with CLT and would like to gain an understanding of its
principles and practice

inexperienced teachers or teachers in pre-service training who wish to receive a basic grounding in
CLT theory in preparation for teaching practice.

According to Cambridge ESOL the test requires a minimum Council of Europe Framework (CEF) B1 level
of English proficiency (IELTS 4.0). The participants materials for the course have been written with this
minimum standard in mind.

Trainers Guide
TRAINER REQUIREMENTS
Trainers delivering this course are expected to be experienced in the delivery of teacher training and to be
familiar with the theory and practice of communicative language teaching. Obviously, knowledge of
the TKT syllabus is also valuable. If participants are intending to take the TKT exam at the end of
the course, trainers should also be familiar with the test format and the type of items that are used
(a list of reading materials about TKT is included in the final section).
The Trainer Notes have been written on the assumption that trainers have a minimum CEF level of C2
equivalent to Cambridge Proficiency Exam pass or IELTS 7.0.

COURSE MATERIALS
The course follows the TKT syllabus as specified on http://www.cambridgeesol.org/TKT/. As in the TKT
there are three modules as follows:
Module 1 - Language and background to language learning and teaching

18 units

Module 2 - Lesson planning and use of resources for language teaching

9 units

Module 3 - Managing the teaching and learning process

7 units

Each unit is intended to last approximately 90 mins, although this may vary considerably depending on the
experience of the teachers taking the course and their familiarity with communicative language teaching.
Each unit is complete in itself and units may be delivered in any order. However, the units do follow a
logical and progressive sequence, and there are occasional references within some units to earlier units. It
is therefore recommended that the unit order is followed wherever possible.
Each unit consists of two Word documents: 1) The Trainer Notes 2) The Participant Worksheets. The
materials have been designed to be off-the-shelf: provided you have both documents, you will find that
the lesson is complete and ready to deliver with very little preparation except for the odd activity which
requires cut-up cards to be created.
Of course, you may wish to do some background reading on the topic of a particular unit, but basic
explanatory notes and answers to worksheets activities are included in most units. Some units also have
links to web-based resources or background reading.
If you can obtain a copy of The TKT Course, by Mary Spratt, Alan Pulverness and Melanie Williams (CUP,
2005), you will find that this gives a short but informative overview of the theory behind each unit.

UNDERSTANDING THE TRAINER NOTES

The Trainer Notes consist of a header block listing the learning outcomes, key concepts and materials in
the lesson, followed by a detailed lesson procedure. In most cases the Trainer Notes are two or three
pages in length.

The Header Block

1) Learning outcomes brief description of the main outcomes of the unit (usually no more than
three). The outcomes have been written to reflect observable behaviours on the part of the
participants (participants will be able to describe the advantages and disadvantages of various
presentation techniques) rather than describe assumed or implicit learning (participants will be
aware of various presentation techniques).

Trainers Guide
2) Key Concepts a list of the key ideas/ ELT terms presented in the unit. For a full list of all the
concepts presented in the TKT, see the annotated glossary from Cambridge which can be
downloaded in pdf format from their website at
http://www.cambridgeesol.org/assets/pdf/tkt_glossary.pdf.
3) Materials a numbered list of the worksheets used in the unit and available in the Participant
Worksheets file. Each worksheet is marked with an icon which indicates whether an Answer sheet
is included or not (see list of icons below). Worksheets that need to be cut up prior to the lesson
have a scissors icon after them.

The Procedure
The procedure consists of a series of activities, each with a title and numbered sequentially. Each activity
is further broken down into logical steps indicated by bullet points. In writing the procedure, the course
designers have tried to strike a balance between keeping the instructions simple and concise and
providing sufficient description for the activities to be clear to an experienced trainer.
A variety of icons are used in the Trainer Notes to indicate activity timings; where worksheets are required;
and where additional information is provided or alternative activities are suggested, etc. These icons are
intended to give the trainer a visual overview of the unit and help match worksheets to activities.
Below is a list of the icons used in the Trainer Notes and their meaning:
Icon

Function

Worksheet No 1

Worksheet No 2 (plus an Answer sheet)

Worksheet that requires cutting up by teacher

Additional or background information for trainer

Tip

Activity idea or link to an external web-based resource

Alternative suggestion for activity or an idea for an activity extension
Reference to The TKT Course by Mary Spratt et al, CUP, 2005
Approx activity time: 5 -10 mins
Approx activity time: 10 20 mins
Approx activity time: 20 30 mins
Approx activity time: 30 mins +

Background information and Tips placed in a box with orange shading.

Trainers Guide
UNDERSTANDING THE PARTICIPANT WORKSHEETS
The Participant Worksheets are quite straightforward. All the worksheets for a unit are kept in a single
Word file typically around 3-6 worksheets in a unit with a few exceptions.
Each worksheet has a title and is numbered sequentially corresponding to the list provided in the Materials
section of the Trainer Notes.
Many of the worksheets are provided with an answer sheet, even in cases where one would expect the
trainer to know the answers. This is done for the convenience of the trainer and so that the answer sheet
can be given to participants if required. Please note, however, that in most cases, the answer sheet is
simply for the trainers reference and does NOT need to be given out to participants. In order to
save paper, please select answer sheets carefully before photocopying them for distribution.
Where an answer sheet is provided, it is given the same name and number as the corresponding
worksheet but clearly labelled Answer Sheet. For example, the first worksheet in Module 1, Unit 1
(Grammar) is called c Grammar Quiz, while the corresponding answer sheet is called c Grammar Quiz
Answer Sheet
For clarity, all Answer Sheets are exact copies of the corresponding worksheet, with answers inserted into
the sheet using red italics.

SUGGESTED READING AND WEB RESOURCES

The only book to deal specifically with TKT preparation is:
Spratt, M, Pulverness, A & Williams, M (2005), The TKT Course, CUP
This book provides a brief overview of the theory on every unit in the TKT syllabus, as well as complete
practice tests for each module and links to web sources.
For a detailed and very informative overview of English Language Teaching:
Harmer, J (2007), Practice of English Language Teaching, Longman
Other recent books which provide a basic introduction to teaching English (aimed at would-be teachers
rather than trainers):
Harmer, J (2007), How to Teach English, Longman
Lindsay, C & Knight P, (2006), Learning and Teaching English: A Course for Teachers, OUP
Watkins, Peter, (2005), Learning to Teach English - A Practical Introduction for New Teachers, Delta
and books specifically for trainers:
Doff, Adrian, (1992), Teach English Trainer's Handbook, CUP
Ur, Penny, (1996), Course in Language Teaching, A Trainer's Handbook, CUP

Here is a selection of ELT websites you might find useful in preparing for the TKT.

Trainers Guide
http://www.cambridgeesol.org/teach/tkt/index.htm
Cambridges own Teaching Resources website for the TKT.
http://www.cambridge.org/elt/tkt/tresources.htm
Cambridge University Press site with downloadable training activities from Cambridge Teacher Training
books. Very good extension to The TKT Course.
www.teachingenglish.org.uk
British Council website with a fantastic range of theoretical and practical teaching ideas and articles.
www.developingteachers.com
A great selection of resources and lesson plans for teachers.
www.onestopenglish.com
Great website for lots of ideas and tips, lesson plans and methodology. Refreshed regularly.
http://www.britishcouncil.org/languageassistant/website.html
British Council website designed to support classroom assistants globally. A useful resource to dip into.
www.english-to-go.com
Large resource of training and teaching materials. Well worth a look.