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Artificial Intelligence)

Artificial Intelligence. Good Presentation explaining details regarding the working of artificial intelligence

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Jaime White
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144 views

Artificial Intelligence)

Artificial Intelligence. Good Presentation explaining details regarding the working of artificial intelligence

Uploaded by

Jaime White
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Artificial Intelligence

What is Intelligence???
Intelligence is the ability to learn
about, to learn from, to understand
about, and interact with ones
environment.

Intelligence is the faculty of


understanding

Intelligence is not to make no mistakes but


quickly to understand how to make them good
(German Poet)

What Is Artificial Intelligence???


Artificial Intelligence (AI) is
usually defined as the science
of making computers do
things that require
intelligence when done by
humans.
A.I is the study of ideas that
enable computers to be
intelligent

How Does AI Works??


Artificial intelligence works
with the help of

Artificial Neurons
(Artificial Neural
Network)

And

Scientific theorems(IfThen Statements, Logics)

What is Neural Networking??

Artificial neural networks are


composed of interconnecting
artificial neurons (programming
constructs that mimic the
properties of biological neurons).

Dendrites: Accepts Inputs


Soma: Processes the Inputs
Axon: Turns the processed inputs into
outputs
Synapses: The electrochemical contact
between neurons

Sec 2: ANN

An Artificial Neuron
Axons

Synapses Dendrites

X1

X2

1
W

X3

Body
(Soma)

Axon

Output (y)

W0

Xn

Sec 2: ANN

Wn

Bias

Turing Test
Imitation Game Test!!!!
The Turing test is a test of a machine's
ability to demonstrate intelligence

Chinese Room Test


A Counter Argument to Turing Test

Intelligent agents
Percepts

?
Actions

Environment

Agent
Sensors

Actuators

12/6/2014

11

Examples Of Artificial Intelligence

Expert Systems!!

An expert system is a computer program that is designed to


hold the accumulated knowledge of one or more domain
experts
It reasons with knowledge of some specialist subject with a
view to solving problems or giving advice
They are tested by being placed in the same real world
problem solving situation

Applications of Expert Systems


PUFF:
Medical system
for diagnosis of respiratory
conditions

PROSPECTOR:
Used by geologists to identify
sites for drilling or mining

Applications of Expert Systems


DENDRAL: Used to identify the
structure of chemical
compounds. First used in 1965

LITHIAN: Gives advice to


archaeologists examining stone
tools

Machine Learning!

Machine learning is a scientific discipline concerned with


the design and development of algorithms that allow
machines to mimic human intelligence.

There are Three ways that A.I learns


Failure Driven Learning
Learning by being Told
Learning by Exploration

Resemblance To Human Mind....


The special ability of artificial intelligence is to reach a
solution based on facts rather than on a preset series of steps
is what most closely resembles the thinking function of the
human brain

Human Intelligence VS Artificial Intelligence

Human Intelligence VS Artificial Intelligence


Pros
Human Intelligence
Intuition, Common sense,
Judgement, Creativity,
Beliefs etc
The ability to demonstrate
their intelligence by
communicating effectively
Plausible Reasoning and
Critical thinking

Artificial Intelligence
Ability to simulate human
behavior and cognitive
processes
Capture and preserve human
expertise
Fast Response. The ability
to comprehend large
amounts of data quickly.

Human Intelligence VS Artificial Intelligence


Cons
Human Intelligence
Humans are fallible
They have limited
knowledge bases
Information processing of
serial nature proceed very
slowly in the brain as
compared to computers
Humans are unable to retain
large amounts of data in
memory.

Artificial Intelligence
No common sense
Cannot readily deal with
mixed knowledge
May have high development
costs
Raise legal and ethical
concerns

Human Intelligence VS Artificial Intelligence

We achieve more than we know. We know more than we understand.


We understand more than we can explain (Claude Bernard, 19th C
French scientific philosopher)

Artificial Intelligence VS Conventional Computing

Artificial Intelligence
AI software uses the
techniques of search and
pattern matching
Programmers design AI
software to give the
computer only the problem,
not the steps necessary to
solve it

Conventional Computing
Conventional computer
software follow a logical
series of steps to reach a
conclusion
Computer programmers
originally designed software
that accomplished tasks by
completing algorithms

Psychology And Artificial intelligence

The functionalist approach of AI views the mind as a representational


system and psychology as the study of the various computational
processes whereby mental representations are constructed, organized,
and interpreted.
(Margaret Boden's essays written between 1982 and 1988)

Artificial intelligence & Our society


Why we need AI??
To supplement natural intelligence for e.g we are building
intelligence in an object so that it can do what we want it to do, as for
example-- robots, thus reducing human labour and reducing human
mistakes

My Perspective

For Humans Intelligence is no more than


TAKING a right decision at right time
And
For Machines Artificial Intelligence is no
more than CHOOSING a right decision at
right time

I think Artificial intelligence is the Second


intelligence ever to exist

Be Not Afraid Of Falling Be Afraid Of Not Trying

Artificial Intelligence

Our Attempt To Build Models Of


Ourselves

Thank You

Elaine Rich

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