1. If the average of three numbers is V. If one of the numbers is Z and another is Y, what is the remaining number?

A. ZY - V
D. 3V- Z - Y
B. Z/V - 3 - Y
E. V- Z - Y
C. Z/3 - V - Y
2. Two cyclists start biking from a trail's start 3 hours apart. The second cyclist travels at 10 miles per hour and starts
3 hours after the first cyclist who is traveling at 6 miles per hour. How much time will pass before the second cyclist
catches up with the first from the time the second cyclist started biking?
A. 2 hours
D. 6 hours
B. 4 hours
E. 7 hours
C. 5 hours
3. Jim can fill a pool carrying buckets of water in 30 minutes. Sue can do the same job in 45 minutes. Tony can do
the same job in 1 hours. How quickly can all three fill the pool together?
A. 12 minutes
D. 23 minutes
B. 15 minutes
E. 28 minutes
C. 21 minutes
4. Mary is reviewing her algebra quiz. She has determined that one of her solutions is incorrect. Which one is it?
A. 2x + 5 (x-1) = 9, x = 2
D. 5 w + 6 w - 3w = 64, w = 8
B. P - 3(p-5) = 10, p = 2.5
E. T - 2t - 3t = 32, t = 8
C. 4 y + 3 y = 28, y = 4
5. What simple interest rate will Susan need to secure to make $2,500 in interest on a $10,000 principal over 5 years?
A. 4%
D. 7%
B. 5%
E. 8%
C. 6%
6. Which of the following is not a rational number?
A. -4
D. 0.45
B. 1/5
E.
C. 0.8333333...
7. A study reported that in a random sampling of 100 women over the age of 35 showed that 8 of the women were married
2 or more times. Based on the study results, how many women in a group of 5,000 women over the age of 35 would likely
be married 2 or more times?
A. 55
D. 400
B. 150
E. 600
C. 200
8. John is traveling to a meeting that is 28 miles away. He needs to be there in 30 minutes. How fast does he need to go to
make it to the meeting on time?
A. 25 mph
D. 49 mph
B. 37 mph
E. 56 mph
C. 41 mph
9. If Steven can mix 20 drinks in 5 minutes, Sue can mix 20 drinks in 10 minutes, and Jack can mix 20 drinks in 15
minutes, how much time will it take all 3 of them working together to mix the 20 drinks?
A. 2 minutes and 44 seconds
D. 3 minutes and 26 seconds
B. 2 minutes and 58 seconds
E. 4 minutes and 15 seconds
C. 3 minutes and 10 seconds
10. If Sam can do a job in 4 days that Lisa can do in 6 days and Tom can do in 2 days, how long would the job take if
Sam, Lisa, and Tom worked together to complete it?
A. 0.8 days
D. 1.65 days
B. 1.09 days
E. 1.97 days
C. 1.23 days
11. Jim has 5 pieces of string. He needs to choose the piece that will be able to go around his 36-inch waist. His belt
broke, and his pants are falling down. The piece needs to be at least 4 inches longer than his waist so he can tie a knot
in it, but it cannot be more that 6 inches longer so that the ends will not show from under his shirt. Which of the
following pieces of string will work the best?
A. 3 feet
D. 3 feet
B. 3 feet
E. 2 feet
C. 3 feet
12. The last week of a month a car dealership sold 12 cars. A new sales promotion came out the first week of the next
month and the sold 19 cars that week. What was the percent increase in sales from the last week of the previous month
compared to the first week of the next month?
A. 58%
C. 158%
B. 119%
D. 175%

E. 200%
13. If two planes leave the same airport at 1:00 PM, how many miles apart will they be at 3:00 PM if one travels
directly north at 150 mph and the other travels directly west at 200 mph?
A. 50 miles
D. 700 miles
B. 100 miles
E. 1,000 miles
C. 500 miles
14. During a 4-day festival, the number of visitors tripled each day. If the festival opened on a Thursday with 345
visitors, what was the attendance on that Sunday?
A. 345
B. 1,035
C. 1,725
D. 3,105
E. 9,315
1. Round 907.457 to the nearest tens place.
A. 908.0
D. 900
B. 910
E. 907.46
C. 907.5
2. At a certain high school, the respective weights for the following subjects are:
Mathematics 3, English 3, History 2, Science 2 and Art 1.
What is a student's average whose marks were the following: Geometry 89, American Literature 92, American History
94, Biology 81, and Sculpture 85?
A. 85.7
D. 89.4
B. 87.8
E. 90.2
C. 88.9
3. Ginger over the course of an average work-week wanted to see how much she spent on lunch daily. She spent $5.43
on Monday, and the same amount on Thursday. On Tuesday and Wednesday, she spent $3.54 each day. On Friday, she
spent $7.89 on lunch. What was her average daily cost?
A. $3.19
D. $5.17
B. $3.75
E. $4.23
C. $3.90
4. What is 1230.932567 rounded to the nearest hundredths place?
A. 1200
D. 1230
B. 1230.9326
E. 1230.933
C. 1230.93
5. Subtract the following numbers rounded to the nearest tenths place.
134.679
-45.548
-67.8807
A. 21.3
D. -59.0
B. 21.25
E. 1
C. -58.97
6. What is the absolute value of -9?
A. -9
D. -1
B. 9
E. 1
C. 0
7. What is the median of the following list of numbers? 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12
A. 6
D. 8
B. 7.5
E. 9
C. 7.8
8. What is the mathematical average of the number of weeks in a year, seasons in a year, and the number of days in
January?
A. 36
D. 31
B. 33
E. 29
C. 32
9. In a college, some courses contribute more towards an overall GPA than other courses. For example, a science class
is worth 4 points; mathematics is worth 3 points; history is worth 2 points; and English is worth 3 points. The values
of the grade letters are as follows, A= 4, B=3, C=2, D=1, F=0. What is the GPA of a student who made a "C" in
Trigonometry, a "B" in American History, an "A" in Botany, and a "B" in Microbiology?
A. 2.59
B. 2.86

C. 3.08
E. 3.67
D. 3.33
10. Over the course of a week, Fred spent $28.49 on lunch. What was the average cost per day?
A. $4.07
D. $2.93
B. $3.57
E. $5.41
C. $6.51
11. A roast was cooked at 325 F in the oven for 4 hours. The internal temperature rose from 32 F to 145 F. What
was the average rise in temperature per hour?
A. 20.2 F/hr
D. 37 F/hr
B. 28.25 F/hr
E. 37.29 F/hr
C. 32.03 F/hr
12. In the number 743.25 which digit represents the tenths space?
A. 2
D. 5
B. 3
E. 6
C. 4
1. If a discount of 25% off the retail price of a desk saves Mark $45, how much did he pay for the desk?
A. $135
D. $210
B. $160
E. $215
C. $180
2. A customer pays $1,100 in state taxes on a newly purchased car. What is the value of the car if state taxes are 8.9%
of the value?
A. $9.765.45
D. $14,345.48
B. $10,876.90
E. $15,745.45
C. $12,359.55
3. How many years does Steven need to invest his $3,000 at 7% to earn $210 in simple interest?
A. 1 year
D. 4 years
B. 2 years
E. 5 years
C. 3 years
4. Sabrina's boss states that she will increase Sabrina's salary from $12,000 to $14,000 per year if she enrolls in business courses
at a local community college. What percent increase in salary will result from Sabrina taking the business courses?

A. 15%
D. 85%
B. 16.7%
E. 117%
C. 17.2%
5. 35% of what number is 70?
A. 100
D. 175
B. 110
E. 200
C. 150
6. What number is 5% of 2000?
A. 50
D. 200
B. 100
E. 250
C. 150
7. What percent of 90 is 27?
A. 15%
D. 33%
B. 20%
E. 41%
C. 30%
8. Jim works for $15.50 per hour for a health care facility. He is supposed to get a 75 cent per hour raise at one year of
service. What will his percent increase in hourly pay be?
A. 2.7%
D. 4.8%
B. 3.3%
E. 105%
C. 133%
9. If 45 is 120% of a number, what is 80% of the same number?
A. 30
D. 38
B. 32
E. 41
C. 36
10. How long will Lucy have to wait before her $2,500 invested at 6% earns $600 in simple interest?
A. 2 years
D. 5 years
B. 3 years
E. 6 years
C. 4 years
11. What is 35% of a number if 12 is 15% of a number?
A. 5
B. 12

C. 28
E. 62
D. 33
12. A computer is on sale for $1600, which is a 20% discount off the regular price. What is the regular price?
A. $1800
D. $2100
B. $1900
E. $2200
C. $2000
13. A car dealer sells a SUV for $39,000, which represents a 25% markup over the dealer's cost. What was the cost of the
SUV to the dealer?
A. $29,250
D. $33,800
B. $31,200
E. $33,999
C. $32,500
14. After having to pay increased income taxes this year, Edmond has to sell his BMW. Edmond bought the car for
$49,000, but he sold it for a 20% loss. What did Edmond sell the car for?
A. $24,200
D. $37,300
B. $28,900
E. $39,200
C. $35,600
15. At a company fish fry, in attendance are employees. Employees' spouses are 1/3 of the attendance. What is the
percentage of the people in attendance who are not employees or employee spouses?
A. 10.5%
D. 32.3%
B. 16.7%
E. 38%
C. 25%
16. If 6 is 24% of a number, what is 40% of the same number
A. 8
D. 20
B. 10
E. 25
C. 15
17. 25% of 400 =
A. 100
D. 10,000
B. 200
E. 12,000
C. 800
18. 22% of $900 =
A. 90
D. 325
B. 198
E. 375
C. 250
19. Which of the following percentages is equal to 0.45?
A. 0.045%
D. 45%
B. 0.45%
E. 0.0045%
C. 4.5%
20. Which of these percentages equals 1.25?
A. 0.125%
D. 1250%
B. 12.5%
E. 1250.5%
C. 125%
Questions 1 through 7 refer to the following passage:
In the 16th century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail
around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire
of political intrigue at court and lost the king's favor. After he was dismissed from service by the king of Portugal, he
offered to serve the future Emperor Charles V of Spain.
A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude to Spain and all the land
east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20,
1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the
topography of South America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four ships
searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage they sought near 50 degrees S
latitude. Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints, but today it is known as the Strait of Magellan.
One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to gaze at that first
panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian now known as the International Date Line in
the early spring of 1521 after 98 days on the Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died
of starvation and disease.
Later, Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a tribal battle. Only one ship
and 17 sailors under the command of the Basque navigator Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain
and thus prove once and for all that the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.
1. The 16th century was an age of great ______ exploration.

A. cosmic
D. common man
B. land
E. None of the above
C. mental
2. Magellan lost the favor of the king of Portugal when he became involved in a political ________.
A. entanglement
D. problem
B. discussion
E. None of the above
C. negotiation
3. The Pope divided New World lands between Spain and Portugal according to their location on one side or the other
of an imaginary geographical line 50 degrees west of Greenwich that extends in a _________ direction.
A. north and south
D. south east
B. crosswise
E. north and west
C. easterly
4. One of Magellan's ships explored the _________ of South America for a passage across the continent.
A. coastline
D. islands
B. mountain range
E. None of the above
C. physical features
5. Four of the ships sought a passage along a southern ______.
A. coast
D. border
B. inland
E. Answer not available
C. body of land with water on three sides
6. The passage was found near 50 degrees S of ________.
A. Greenwich
D. Portugal
B. The equator
E. Madrid
C. Spain
7. In the spring of 1521, the ships crossed the _______ now called the International Date Line.
A. imaginary circle passing through the poles
D. land mass
B. imaginary line parallel to the equator
E. Answer not available
C. area
The following passage refers to questions 8 through 14.
Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband, Pierre, she discovered
radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium and other radioactive substances. Pierre and
Marie's amicable collaboration later helped to unlock the secrets of the atom.
Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At an early age, she displayed a
brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for learning prompted her to continue with her studies after
high school. She became disgruntled, however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women.
Determined to receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French university,
where she earned her master's degree and doctorate in physics.
Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her day, one of whom was
Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many productive years working together in the physics
laboratory. A short time after they discovered radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was
stunned by this horrible misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their close relationship
and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two young daughters to raise by herself
greatly increased her distress.
Curie's feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as a physics professor at
the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the world-famous university. In 1911 she received
the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium. Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long
exposure to radium, she never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated
herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.
8. The Curies' _________ collaboration helped to unlock the secrets of the atom.
A. friendly
D. industrious
B. competitive
E. chemistry
C. courteous
9. Marie had a bright mind and a ______ personality.
A. strong
D. strange
B. lighthearted
E. envious
C. humorous
10. When she learned that she could not attend the university in Warsaw, she felt _________.
A. hopeless
D. worried
B. annoyed
E. None of the above
C. depressed

A. challenged
11.
Marie _________
authorityby leaving Poland and traveling to FranceD.towas
enter
distressed
the Sorbonne.
B. showed intelligence
E. Answer not available
C. behaved
12. _________ she remembered their joy together.
A. Dejectedly
D. Happily
B. Worried
E. Irefully
C. Tearfully
13. Her _________ began to fade when she returned to the Sorbonne to succeed her husband.
A. misfortune
D. disappointment
B. anger
E. ambition
C. wretchedness
14. Even though she became fatally ill from working with radium, Marie Curie was never _________.
A. troubled
D. sorrowful
B. worried
E. disturbed
C. disappointed
The following passage refers to questions 15 through 19.
Mount Vesuvius, a volcano located between the ancient Italian cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, has received much
attention because of its frequent and destructive eruptions. The most famous of these eruptions occurred in A.D. 79.
The volcano had been inactive for centuries. There was little warning of the coming eruption, although one account
unearthed by archaeologists says that a hard rain and a strong wind had disturbed the celestial calm during the preceding
night. Early the next morning, the volcano poured a huge river of molten rock down upon Herculaneum, completely
burying the city and filling the harbor with coagulated lava.
Meanwhile, on the other side of the mountain, cinders, stone and ash rained down on Pompeii. Sparks from the burning
ash ignited the combustible rooftops quickly. Large portions of the city were destroyed in the conflagration. Fire,
however, was not the only cause of destruction. Poisonous sulfuric gases saturated the air. These heavy gases were not
buoyant in the atmosphere and therefore sank toward the earth and suffocated people.
Over the years, excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum have revealed a great deal about the behavior of the volcano.
By analyzing data, much as a zoologist dissects an animal specimen, scientists have concluded that the eruption changed
large portions of the area's geography. For instance, it turned the Sarno River from its course and raised the level of the
beach along the Bay of Naples. Meteorologists studying these events have also concluded that Vesuvius caused a huge
tidal wave that affected the world's climate.
In addition to making these investigations, archaeologists have been able to study the skeletons of victims by using
distilled water to wash away the volcanic ash. By strengthening the brittle bones with acrylic paint, scientists have been
able to examine the skeletons and draw conclusions about the diet and habits of the residents. Finally, the excavations at
both Pompeii and Herculaneum have yielded many examples of classical art, such as jewelry made of bronze, which is an
alloy of copper and tin. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius and its tragic consequences have provided everyone with a
wealth of data about the effects that volcanoes can have on the surrounding area. Today, volcanologists can locate and
predict eruptions, saving lives and preventing the destruction of other cities and cultures.
15. Herculaneum and its harbor were buried under _________ lava.
A. liquid
C. flowing
B. solid
D. gas
E. Answer not available
16. The poisonous gases were not _________ in the air.
A. able to float
D. invisible
B. visible
E. able to condense
C. able to evaporate
17. Scientists analyzed data about Vesuvius in the same way that a zoologist _________ a specimen.
A. describes in detail
D. chart
B. studies by cutting apart
E. Answer not available
C. photographs
18. _________ have concluded that the volcanic eruption caused a tidal wave.
A. Scientists who study oceans
D. Scientists who study animal behavior
B. Scientists who study atmospheric conditions
E. Answer not available in article
C. Scientists who study ash
19. Scientists have used _________ water to wash away volcanic ash from the skeletons of victims.
A. bottled
D. sea
B. volcanic
E. fountain
C. purified
The following passage refers to questions 20-24.

Conflict had existed between Spain and England since the 1570s. England wanted a share of the wealth that Spain had
been taking from the lands it had claimed in the Americas.
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, encouraged her staunch admiral of the navy, Sir Francis Drake, to raid Spanish ships and
towns. Though these raids were on a small scale, Drake achieved dramatic success, adding gold and silver to England's
treasury and diminishing Spain's supremacy.
Religious differences also caused conflict between the two countries. Whereas Spain was Roman Catholic, most of
England had become Protestant. King Philip II of Spain wanted to claim the throne and make England a Catholic country
again. To satisfy his ambition and also to retaliate against England's theft of his gold and silver, King Philip began to build
his fleet of warships, the Spanish Armada, in January 1586.
Philip intended his fleet to be indestructible. In addition to building new warships, he marshaled 130 sailing vessels of all
types and recruited more than 19,000 robust soldiers and 8,000 sailors. Although some of his ships lacked guns and others
lacked ammunition, Philip was convinced that his Armada could withstand any battle with England.
The martial Armada set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on May 9, 1588, but bad weather forced it back to port. The voyage
resumed on July 22 after the weather became more stable.
The Spanish fleet met the smaller, faster, and more maneuverable English ships in battle off the coast of Plymouth,
England, first on July 31 and again on August 2. The two battles left Spain vulnerable, having lost several ships and with
its ammunition depleted. On August 7, while the Armada lay at anchor on the French side of the Strait of Dover, England
sent eight burning ships into the midst of the Spanish fleet to set it on fire. Blocked on one side, the Spanish ships could
only drift away, their crews in panic and disorder. Before the Armada could regroup, the English attacked again on August
8.
Although the Spaniards made a valiant effort to fight back, the fleet suffered extensive damage. During the eight hours of
battle, the Armada drifted perilously close to the rocky coastline. At the moment when it seemed that the Spanish ships
would be driven onto the English shore, the wind shifted, and the Armada drifted out into the North Sea. The Spaniards
recognized the superiority of the English fleet and returned home, defeated.
20. Sir Francis Drake added wealth to the treasury and diminished Spain's _________.
A. unlimited power
D. treaties
B. unrestricted growth
E. Answer not available in article
C. territory
21. King Philip recruited many ______ soldiers and sailors.
A. warlike
D. timid
B. strong
E. inexperienced
C. accomplished
22. The ______ Armada set sail on May 9, 1588.
A. complete
D. isolated
B. warlike
E. Answer not available
C. independent
23. The two battles left the Spanish fleet _________.
A. open to change
D. defeated
B. triumphant
E. discouraged
C. open to attack
24. The Armada was ______ on one side.
A. closed off
D. circled
B. damaged
E. Answer not available in this article
C. alone
The following passage refers to questions 25-29.
The victory of the small Greek democracy of Athens over the mighty Persian Empire in 490 B.C. is one of the most
famous events in history. Darius, king of the Persian Empire, was furious because Athens had interceded for the other
Greek city-states in revolt against Persian domination. In anger the king sent an enormous army to defeat Athens. He
thought it would take drastic steps to pacify the rebellious part of the empire.
Persia was ruled by one man. In Athens, however, all citizens helped to rule. Ennobled by this participation, Athenians
were prepared to die for their city-state. Perhaps this was the secret of the remarkable victory at Marathon, which freed
them from Persian rule. On their way to Marathon, the Persians tried to fool some Greek city-states by claiming to have
come in peace. The frightened citizens of Delos refused to believe this. Not wanting to abet the conquest of Greece, they
fled from their city and did not return until the Persians had left. They were wise, for the Persians next conquered the city
of Eritrea and captured its people.
Tiny Athens stood alone against Persia. The Athenian people went to their sanctuaries. There they prayed for deliverance.
They asked their gods to expedite their victory. The Athenians refurbished their weapons and moved to the plain of
Marathon, where their little band would meet the Persians. At the last moment, soldiers from Plataea reinforced the
Athenian troops.

The Athenian army attacked, and Greek citizens fought bravely. The power of the mighty Persians was offset by the love
that the Athenians had for their city. Athenians defeated the Persians in both archery and hand combat. Greek soldiers
seized Persian ships and burned them, and the Persians fled in terror. Herodotus, a famous historian, reports that 6,400
Persians died, compared to only 192 Athenians.
25. Athens had _________ the other Greek city-states against the Persians.
A. refused help to
D. given orders for all to fight
B. intervened on behalf of
E. defeated
C. wanted to fight
26. Darius took drastic steps to ________ the rebellious Athenians.
A. weaken
D. irritate
B. destroy
E. Answer not available
C. calm
27. Their participation _________ to the Athenians.
A. gave comfort
D. gave fear
B. gave honor
E. gave hope
C. gave strength
28. The people of Delos did not want to ______ the conquest of Greece.
A. end
D. daydream about
B. encourage
E. Answer not available
C. think about
29. The Athenians were _________ by some soldiers who arrived from Plataea.
A. welcomed
D. captured
B. strengthened
E. Answer not available
C. held
The following passage refers to questions 30-32.
The Trojan War is one of the most famous wars in history. It is well known for the 10-year duration, for the heroism of a
number of legendary characters, and for the Trojan horse. What may not be familiar, however, is the story of how the war
began.
According to Greek myth, the strife between the Trojans and the Greeks started at the wedding of Peleus, King of
Thessaly, and Thetis, a sea nymph. All of the gods and goddesses had been invited to the wedding celebration in Troy
except Eris, goddess of discord. She had been omitted from the guest list because her presence always embroiled mortals
and immortals alike in conflict.
To take revenge on those who had slighted her, Eris decided to cause a skirmish. Into the middle of the banquet hall, she
threw a golden apple marked "for the most beautiful." All of the goddesses began to haggle over who should possess it.
The gods and goddesses reached a stalemate when the choice was narrowed to Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite. Someone
was needed to settle the controversy by picking a winner. The job eventually fell to Paris, son of King Priam of Troy, who
was said to be a good judge of beauty. Paris did not have an easy job. Each goddess, eager to win the golden apple, tried
aggressively to bribe him.
"I'll grant you vast kingdoms to rule," promised Hera. "Vast kingdoms are nothing in comparison with my gift,"
contradicted Athena. "Choose me and I'll see that you win victory and fame in war." Aphrodite outdid her adversaries,
however. She won the golden apple by offering Helen, daughter of Zeus and the most beautiful mortal in the land, to
Paris. Paris, anxious to claim Helen, set off for Sparta in Greece.
Although Paris learned that Helen was married, he nevertheless accepted the hospitality of her husband, King Menelaus
of Sparta. Therefore, Menelaus was outraged for a number of reasons when Paris departed, taking Helen and much of the
king's wealth back to Troy. Menelaus collected his loyal forces and set sail for Troy to begin the war to reclaim Helen.
30. Eris was known for _________ both mortals and immortals.
A. scheming against
D. ignoring
B. creating conflict amongst
E. comforting
C. feeling hostile toward
31. Each goddess tried ______ to bribe Paris.
A. boldly
D. carefully
B. effectively
E. Answer not available
C. secretly
32. Athena _________ Hera, promising Paris victory and fame in war.
A. disregarded the statement of
D. restated the statement of
B. defeated
E. questioned the statement of
C. agreed with
Refer to the following passage for questions 33-37.

One of the most intriguing stories of the Russian Revolution concerns the identity of Anastasia, the youngest daughter of
Czar Nicholas II. During his reign over Russia, the czar had planned to revoke many of the harsh laws established by
previous czars. Some workers and peasants, however, clamored for more rapid social reform. In 1918, a group of these
people known as Bolsheviks overthrew the government. On July 17 or 18, they murdered the czar and what was thought
to be his entire family.
Although witnesses vouched that all the members of the czar's family had been executed, there were rumors suggesting
that Anastasia had survived. Over the years, a number of women claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia. Perhaps the
most famous claimant was Anastasia Tschaikovsky, who was also known as Anna Anderson.
In 1920, 18 months after the czar's execution, this terrified young woman was rescued from drowning in a Berlin river.
She spent two years in a hospital, where she attempted to reclaim her health and shattered mind. The doctors and nurses
thought that she resembled Anastasia and questioned her about her background. She disclaimed any connection with the
czar's family. Eight years later, however, she claimed that she was Anastasia. She said that she had been rescued by two
Russian soldiers after the czar and the rest of her family had been killed. Two brothers named Tschaikovsky had carried
her into Romania. She had married one of the brothers, who had taken her to Berlin and left her there, penniless and
without a vocation. Unable to invoke the aid of her mother's family in Germany, she had tried to drown herself.
During the next few years, scores of the czar's relatives, ex-servants, and acquaintances interviewed her. Many of these
people said that her looks and mannerisms were evocative of the Anastasia that they had known. Her grandmother and
other relatives denied that she was the real Anastasia, however.
Tired of being accused of fraud, Anastasia immigrated to the United States in 1928 and took the name Anna Anderson.
She still wished to prove that she was Anastasia, though, and returned to Germany in 1933 to bring suit against her
mother's family. There she declaimed to the court, asserting that she was indeed Anastasia and deserved her inheritance.
In 1957, the court decided that it could neither confirm nor deny Anastasia's identity. Although it will probably never be
known whether this woman was the Grand Duchess Anastasia, her search to establish her identity has been the subject of
numerous books, plays, and movies.
33. Some Russian peasants and workers ______ for social reform.
A. longed
D. hoped
B. cried out
E. thought much
C. begged
34. Witnesses ______ that all members of the czar's family had been executed.
A. gave assurance
D. convinced some
B. thought
E. Answer not available
C. hoped
35. Tschaikovsky initially ______ any connection with the czar's family.
A. denied
D. justified
B. stopped
E. Answer not available
C. noted
36. She was unable to ______ the aid of her relatives.
A. locate
D. identify
B. speak about
E. know
C. call upon
37. In court she _________ maintaining that she was Anastasia and deserved her inheritance.
A. finally appeared
D. gave evidence
B. spoke forcefully
E. Answer not available
C. gave testimony
Refer to the following passage for questions 38-39.
King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette ruled France from 1774 to 1789, a time when the country was fighting
bankruptcy. The royal couple did not let France's insecure financial situation limit their immoderate spending, however.
Even though the minister of finance repeatedly warned the king and queen against wasting money, they continued to
spend great fortunes on their personal pleasure. This lavish spending greatly enraged the people of France. They felt that
the royal couple bought its luxurious lifestyle at the poor people's expense.
Marie Antoinette, the beautiful but exceedingly impractical queen, seemed uncaring about her subjects' misery. While
French citizens begged for lower taxes, the queen embellished her palace with extravagant works of art. She also
surrounded herself with artists, writers, and musicians, who encouraged the queen to spend money even more profusely.
While the queen's favorites glutted themselves on huge feasts at the royal table, many people in France were starving. The
French government taxed the citizens outrageously. These high taxes paid for the entertainments the queen and her court
so enjoyed. When the minister of finance tried to stop these royal spendthrifts, the queen replaced him. The intense hatred
that the people felt for Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette kept building until it led to the French Revolution. During this
time of struggle and violence (1789-1799), thousands of aristocrats, as well as the king and queen themselves, lost their

lives at the guillotine. Perhaps if Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette had reined in their extravagant spending, the events that
rocked France would not have occurred.
38. The people surrounding the queen encouraged her to spend money ______.
A. wisely
D. foolishly
B. abundantly
E. joyfully
C. carefully
39. The minister of finance tried to curb these royal ______.
A. aristocrats
D. individuals
B. money wasters
E. spenders
C. enemies
Refer to the following passage for questions 40-45.
Many great inventions are initially greeted with ridicule and disbelief. The invention of the airplane was no exception.
Although many people who heard about the first powered flight on December 17, 1903 were excited and impressed,
others reacted with peals of laughter. The idea of flying an aircraft was repulsive to some people. Such people called
Wilbur and Orville Wright, the inventors of the first flying machine, impulsive fools. Negative reactions, however, did not
stop the Wrights. Impelled by their desire to succeed, they continued their experiments in aviation.
Orville and Wilbur Wright had always had a compelling interest in aeronautics and mechanics. As young boys they earned
money by making and selling kites and mechanical toys. Later, they designed a newspaper-folding machine, built a
printing press, and operated a bicycle-repair shop. In 1896, when they read about the death of Otto Lilienthal, the
brothers' interest in flight grew into a compulsion.
Lilienthal, a pioneer in hang-gliding, had controlled his gliders by shifting his body in the desired direction. This idea was
repellent to the Wright brothers, however, and they searched for more efficient methods to control the balance of airborne
vehicles. In 1900 and 1901, the Wrights tested numerous gliders and developed control techniques. The brothers' inability
to obtain enough lift power for the gliders almost led them to abandon their efforts.
After further study, the Wright brothers concluded that the published tables of air pressure on curved surfaces must be
wrong. They set up a wind tunnel and began a series of experiments with model wings. Because of their efforts, the old
tables were repealed in time and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces. This work, in
turn, made it possible for the brothers to design a machine that would fly. In 1903 the Wrights built their first airplane,
which cost less than $1,000. They even designed and built their own source of propulsion-a lightweight gasoline engine.
When they started the engine on December 17, the airplane pulsated wildly before taking off. The plane managed to stay
aloft for 12 seconds, however, and it flew 120 feet.
By 1905, the Wrights had perfected the first airplane that could turn, circle, and remain airborne for half an hour at a time.
Others had flown in balloons and hang gliders, but the Wright brothers were the first to build a full-size machine that
could fly under its own power. As the contributors of one of the most outstanding engineering achievements in history, the
Wright brothers are accurately called the fathers of aviation.
40. The idea of flying an aircraft was ______ to some people.
A. boring
D. needless
B. distasteful
E. Answer not available
C. exciting
41. People thought that the Wright brothers had ______.
A. acted without thinking
D. been mistaken
B. been negatively influenced
E. acted in a negative way
C. been too cautious
42. The Wrights' interest in flight grew into a ______.
A. financial empire
D. foolish thought
B. plan
E. Answer not available
C. need to act
43. Lilienthal's idea about controlling airborne vehicles was _________ the Wrights.
A. proven wrong by
D. accepted by
B. opposite to the ideas of
E. improved by
C. disliked by
44. The old tables were _________ and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces.
A. destroyed
D. approved
B. invalidated
E. not used
C. multiplied
45. The Wrights designed and built their own source of _________.
A. force for moving forward
E. None of the above
B. force for turning around
C. turning
D. force for going backward