PICkit 3

Programmer Application
Users Guide

2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS50002158A

Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:

Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.

Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the
intended manner and under normal conditions.

There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our
knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchips Data
Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.

Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.

Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not
mean that we are guaranteeing the product as unbreakable.

Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our
products. Attempts to break Microchips code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts
allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.

Information contained in this publication regarding device

applications and the like is provided only for your convenience
and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to
ensure that your application meets with your specifications.
MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR
OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION,
QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability
arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip
devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at
the buyers risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and
hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims,
suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are
conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip
intellectual property rights.

Trademarks
The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC,
FlashFlex, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro,
PICSTART, PIC32 logo, rfPIC, SST, SST Logo, SuperFlash
and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology
Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor,
MTP, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions
Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology
Incorporated in the U.S.A.
Silicon Storage Technology is a registered trademark of
Microchip Technology Inc. in other countries.
Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, BodyCom,
chipKIT, chipKIT logo, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM,
dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN,
ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial
Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPF, MPLAB
Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Omniscient Code
Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit,
PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, SQI, Serial Quad I/O,
Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock, ZENA
and Z-Scale are trademarks of Microchip Technology
Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated
in the U.S.A.
GestIC and ULPP are registered trademarks of Microchip
Technology Germany II GmbH & Co. KG, a subsidiary of
Microchip Technology Inc., in other countries.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
2013, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the
U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
Printed on recycled paper.
ISBN: 978-1-62077-170-9

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CERTIFIED BY DNV

== ISO/TS 16949 ==
DS50002158A-page 2

Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2009 certification for its worldwide

headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and
Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California
and India. The Companys quality system processes and procedures
are for its PIC MCUs and dsPIC DSCs, KEELOQ code hopping
devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and
analog products. In addition, Microchips quality system for the design
and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.

2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkit 3 PROGRAMMER
APPLICATION USERS GUIDE
Table of Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................................... 5
Chapter 1. Overview
1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 9
1.2 PICkit 3 Programmer Application Defined ...................................................... 9
1.3 PICkit 3 Programmer Tool Defined .............................................................. 10

Chapter 2. Getting Started

2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Installing the PICkit 3 Hardware ................................................................... 13
2.3 Installing and Launching the PICkit 3 Programmer Application ................... 14
2.4 Connecting to the Device ............................................................................. 15
2.5 Selecting Target Power ................................................................................ 17
2.6 Importing a Hex File ..................................................................................... 19
2.7 Writing the Program to the Device ............................................................... 19
2.8 Verifying the Device ..................................................................................... 20
2.9 Reading Device Memory .............................................................................. 21
2.10 Code Protecting the Device ........................................................................ 21
2.11 Erasing and Blank Checking the Device .................................................... 22
2.12 Automating Write/Read Procedures ........................................................... 22
2.13 PICkit 3 Unit ID ........................................................................................... 23

Chapter 3. Using In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP)

3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 25
3.2 Isolate VPP/MCLR/Port Pin ........................................................................... 26
3.3 Isolate ICSPCLK or PGC and ICSPDAT or PGD pins ................................. 26
3.4 VDD ............................................................................................................... 27
3.5 VSS ............................................................................................................... 28
3.6 Cable Lengths .............................................................................................. 28
3.7 Serial EEPROM and KEELOQ HCS Devices .................................................. 28
3.8 Logic Tool ..................................................................................................... 28

Chapter 4. PICkit 3 Programmer Application

4.1 PICkit 3 Programmer Application Dialog ...................................................... 29
4.2 PICkit 3 Programmer Application Menu Bar ................................................. 30
4.3 Device Configuration .................................................................................... 32
4.4 Status Window ............................................................................................. 33
4.5 Progress Bar ................................................................................................ 33
4.6 Device VDD ................................................................................................... 33
4.7 Device MCLR State ...................................................................................... 33
4.8 Memory Source ............................................................................................ 34

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

4.9 Program Memory .......................................................................................... 34
4.10 Hex File Options ......................................................................................... 34
4.11 EEPROM Data Memory ............................................................................. 34

Chapter 5. Troubleshooting
5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 35
5.2 Frequently Asked Questions ........................................................................ 35

Chapter 6. Updating and Reverting the PICkit 3 OS

6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 41
6.2 Updating the PICkit 3 OS to Scripting Mode ................................................ 41
6.3 Reverting the PICkit 3 OS to MPLAB Mode ................................................. 42

Chapter 7. Logic Tool

7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 43
7.2 Logic I/O Mode ............................................................................................. 44
7.3 Configuring the Logic Tool Logic I/O ............................................................ 45
7.4 Logic Analyzer Mode .................................................................................... 48
7.5 The Logic Analyzer Window ......................................................................... 49

Appendix A. Hardware Specification

A.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 59
A.2 Highlights ..................................................................................................... 59
A.3 Declaration of Conformity ............................................................................ 59
A.4 Device Support ............................................................................................ 60
A.5 USB Port/Power ........................................................................................... 60
A.6 PICkit 3 Programmer ................................................................................... 60
A.7 Standard Communication Hardware ............................................................ 62
A.8 Target Board Considerations ....................................................................... 64

Appendix B. PICkit 3 Schematics

Glossary .......................................................................................................................67
Index .............................................................................................................................87
Worldwide Sales and Service .....................................................................................90

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PICkit 3 PROGRAMMER
APPLICATION USERS GUIDE
Preface
NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS
All documentation becomes dated, and this manual is no exception. Microchip tools and
documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs, so some actual dialogs
and/or tool descriptions may differ from those in this document. Please refer to our web site
(www.microchip.com) to obtain the latest documentation available.
Documents are identified with a DS number. This number is located on the bottom of each
page, in front of the page number. The numbering convention for the DS number is
DSXXXXXA, where XXXXX is the document number and A is the revision level of the
document.
For the most up-to-date information on development tools, see the MPLAB IDE online help.
Select the Help menu, and then Topics to open a list of available online help files.

INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains general information that will be useful to know before using
PICkit 3 Programmer Application. Items discussed include:
Document Layout
Conventions Used in this Guide
Recommended Reading

DOCUMENT LAYOUT
This document describes how to use the PICkit 3 Programmer Application with the
PICkit 3 unit as a development tool to program firmware on a target board. The manual
layout is as follows:
Chapter 1. Overview describes the PICkit 3 Programmer Application and how it
can help you develop your application.
Chapter 2. Getting Started Provides installation instructions and setup information.
Chapter 3. Using In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) Explains using the
application with ICSP.
Chapter 4. PICkit 3 Programmer Application Describes how to use the
application.
Chapter 5. Troubleshooting Provides basic troubleshooting information.
Chapter 6. Updating and Reverting the PICkit 3 OS Explains how to update
or revert the operating system firmware.
Chapter 7. Logic Tool Provides information on using the Logic Tool.
Appendix A. Hardware Specification Provides information on conformity,
device support, USB power, communication, and target board considerations.
Appendix B. PICkit 3 Schematics Presents PICkit 3 schematics.

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE
The following conventions may appear in this documentation:
DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS
Description

Represents

Examples

Arial font:
MPLAB IDE Users Guide

Italic

Referenced books
Emphasized text

...is the only compiler...

Initial caps

A window

the Output window

A dialog

the Settings dialog

A menu selection

select Enable Programmer

Quotes

A field name in a window or

dialog

Save project before build

Underlined, italic with right

angle bracket

A menu path

File>Save

Bold characters

A dialog button

Click OK

A tab

Click the Power tab

A key on the keyboard

Press <Enter>, <F1>

Sample source code

#define START

Filenames

autoexec.bat

File paths

c:\mcc18\h

Keywords

_asm, _endasm, static

Command-line options

-Opa+, -Opa-

Bit values

0, 1

Constants

0xFF,A

Italic

A variable argument

file.o, where file can be

any valid filename

Square brackets [ ]

Optional arguments

mpasmwin [options]
file [options]

Curly brackets and pipe

character: { | }

Choice of mutually exclusive

arguments; an OR selection

errorlevel {0|1}

Ellipses...

Replaces repeated text

var_name [,
var_name...]

Represents code supplied by

user

void main (void)

{ ...
}

Text in angle brackets < >

Courier New font:
Plain

DS50002158A-page 6

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Preface
RECOMMENDED READING
This user's guide describes how to use the PICkit 3 Programmer Application with the
PICkit 3. Other useful documents are listed below. The following Microchip documents
are available and recommended as supplemental reference resources.

Development Tools Design Advisory (DS51764)

Please read this first! This document contains important information about
operational issues that should be considered when using the PICkit 3 with your target
design.

README for PICkit 3

For the latest information on using the PICkit 3, read the Readme for PICkit 3.htm
file in the Readmes subdirectory of the programmer application installation directory.
The Readme file contains updated information and known issues that may not be
included in this users guide.

PICkit 3 Standalone Programmer Application Video

Watch this online video at www.microchip.com for a quick look at the PICkit 3
Programming Application.

PICkit 3 In-Circuit Programmer/Debugger Users Guide/Help (DS51795)

Consult this document for more information pertaining to the installation and features
of the PICkit 3 In-Circuit Programmer/Debugger. An online Help version is also
available.

MPLAB or MPLAB X IDE Users Guide/Help (DS51519, DS52027)

Consult these documents for more information pertaining to the installation and
features of the MPLAB/MPLAB X Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
software. An online Help version is also available.

In-Circuit Serial Programmer (ICSP) Guide (DS30277)

This document contains helpful design guidelines for successful ICSP programming. It
includes application notes on hardware designs and the ICSP programming
specifications.

MPASM Assembler, MPLINK Object Linker, MPLIB Object Librarian

Users Guide (DS30003014)
This users guide describes how to use the Microchip PIC MCU assembler (MPASM
assembler), linker (MPLINK linker), and librarian (MPLIB librarian).

2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

NOTES:

DS50002158A-page 8

2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkit 3 PROGRAMMER
APPLICATION USERS GUIDE
Chapter 1. Overview
1.1

INTRODUCTION
Note:

This document specifically discusses using the PICkit 3 programmer with

the PICkit 3 Programmer Application. For information on using the PICkit 3
unit with MPLAB X IDE software for programming and debugging
capabilities, please see the PICkit 3 Programmer/Debugger Users Guide
(DS51795).

This chapter introduces the PICkit 3 Programmer Application.

PICkit 3 Programmer Application Defined
PICkit 3 Programmer Tool Defined

1.2

PICKIT 3 PROGRAMMER APPLICATION DEFINED

The PICkit 3 Programmer Application is a standalone GUI that provides programming
capability to the PICkit 3 (without using the MPLAB X IDE).
The PICkit 3 Programmer Application will program all Microchip 8-, 16-, and 32-bit
devices. Supported programming operations include read, write, verify erase, and
blank check. A progress bar displays during the operation.
Program memory and data memory may be selected or deselected for programming
operations. Programming options include verify on write, clear memory buffers on
erase, hold device in Reset, and write on PICkit button. Alert sounds can be set to play
on programming events such as success, warning or error.
Once a device has been read, the contents of the device can be saved to a hex file.
Configuration bits can be displayed in an editable window and changes in the values
are shown in red.
If the target device is not self powered, the target can be powered by the PICkit 3. Note
that target power is automatically enabled during programming operations.
For application installation instructions, see Chapter 2. Getting Started.
For more information on how to use Microchip the PICkit 3 Programmer Application,
see Chapter 4. PICkit 3 Programmer Application.

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

1.3

PICKIT 3 PROGRAMMER TOOL DEFINED

The PICkit 3 tool (see Figure 1-1) is a simple, low-cost in-circuit programmer that is
capable of programming most of Microchips Flash microcontrollers and serial
EEPROM devices. For specific device support, see the README file.
Note:

The PICkit 3 is not a production programmer. It is meant for development

purposes only. For production programming, consider the MPLAB PM3
device programmer or other third-party programmers that are designed for
a production environment.

Support for new devices can be added by updating the programming software. The
latest software is available on Microchips web site page for the PICkit 3:
www.microchip.com/pickit3.
FIGURE 1-1:

PICkit 3 PROGRAMMER
2

Legend:

1 Lanyard Loop
2 USB Port Connection
3 Pin 1 Marker
4 Programming Connector
5 Status LEDs
6 Push Button

5
3
4

1.3.1

Lanyard Loop

The lanyard loop provides a point of attachment so that the PICkit 3 can be suspend
suspended or worn.

1.3.2

USB Port Connection

The USB port connection is a USB mini-B connector. Connect the PICkit 3 to the PC using
the supplied USB cable.

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2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

Overview
1.3.3

Pin 1 Marker

This marker designates the location of pin 1 for proper connector alignment.

1.3.4

Programming Connector

The programming connector is a 6-pin header (0.100" spacing) that connects to the
target device. See the pinout specification in Figure 1-2.
FIGURE 1-2:

PICKIT 3 PROGRAMMER CONNECTOR PINOUT

Pin 1 Indicator
Pin Description*
1
2
3
4
5
6

1 = VPP/MCLR
2 = VDD Target
3 = VSS (ground)
4 = PGD (ICSPDAT)
5 = PGC (ICSPCLK)
6 = PGM (LVP)

Note:

1.3.5

The 6-pin header (0.100" spacing) accepts 0.025" square pins.

The programming connector pin functions are different for programming

Serial EEPROMS and HCS devices. See the ReadMe file for the PICkit 3
(Help>Readme) included with the PICkit 3 Programmer Application software for these pinouts.

Indicator LEDs

The indicator LEDs indicate the status of the PICkit 3.

1. Power (green) power is supplied to the PICkit 3 via the USB port
2. Active (blue) connected to the PC USB port and the communication link is
active.
3. Status (one of three colors)
Success (green) ready to start, or successful completion
Busy (orange) busy with a function in progress, e.g., programming
Error (red) an error has occurred

1.3.6

Push Button

The push button may be used to initiate the Write Device programming function when
Programmer>Write on PICkit Button is checked on the PICkit 3 Programmer
Application menu (see item labeled 2 in Figure 1-1.)
The push button may also be used to put the PICkit 3 unit operating system firmware
into Bootloader mode. For more information on this feature, see Chapter 6. Updating
and Reverting the PICkit 3 OS.
When using the Logic Tool, the push button can be used to stop the analyzer from running. See Section 7.5.4.3 Running the Analyzer for more information on using the
push button with the logic tool.
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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

NOTES:

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2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

PICkit 3 PROGRAMMER
APPLICATION USERS GUIDE
Chapter 2. Getting Started
2.1

INTRODUCTION
This chapter gives instructions on how to get started using the PICkit 3 development
programmer to program Flash-based PIC microcontroller units.
For information on how to use the PICkit 3 with In-Circuit Serial Programming
(ICSP), refer to Chapter 3. Using In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP).
For information on how to update the PICkit 3 operating system (firmware), refer to
Chapter 6. Updating and Reverting the PICkit 3 OS.

2.2

Installing the PICkit 3 Hardware

Installing and Launching the PICkit 3 Programmer Application
Connecting to the Device
Selecting Target Power
Importing a Hex File
Writing the Program to the Device
Verifying the Device
Reading Device Memory
Code Protecting the Device
Erasing and Blank Checking the Device
Automating Write/Read Procedures
PICkit 3 Unit ID

INSTALLING THE PICkit 3 HARDWARE

To install the PICkit 3 hardware:
Plug one end of the USB cable into PICkit 3 USB connector. Plug the other end
into a USB port on your PC.
Connect the PICkit 3 to a target board via a 6-pin in-line connector. The target
board can be the included demo board or any target equipped with the
appropriate 6-pin connector.
Do not connect the PICkit 3 to a target board that has its own power supply if it is
not connected to a powered USB port.
To connect the PICkit 3 to a target with an MPLAB ICD 2 style RJ-11 connector,
the AC164110 RJ-11 to ICSP Adapter kit is required.
Before connecting the PICkit 3 to a PC via USB, disconnect any target boards that may
be attached to the PICkit 3. Similarly, when starting up or rebooting the host PC, ensure
that the PICkit 3 is not connected to a target board.

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

2.3

INSTALLING AND LAUNCHING THE PICkit 3 PROGRAMMER APPLICATION

Get the PICkit 3 Programmer Application from the Downloads section of the Microchip
web site at www.microchip.com/pickit3. Follow the installation wizard to install the
application. Once installed, start the PICkit 3 Programmer Application by selecting
Start>All Programs>Microchip>PICkit 3.
A listing of the features and functions may be found in Section 4.1 PICkit 3
Programmer Application Dialog.
FIGURE 2-1:

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PICKIT 3 PROGRAMMER APPLICATION

2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

Getting Started
2.4

CONNECTING TO THE DEVICE

The PICkit 3 is capable of programming a variety of Flash-based Microchip PIC microcontrollers and serial EEPROM devices. Supported devices are listed in the PICkit 3
(Programmer Application) Readme file, which can also be viewed by selecting
Help>Readme.
When the PICkit 3 Programmer Application is first opened, it will attempt to identify the
connected device by the device ID and display it in the Configuration window, as shown
in Figure 2-2. The application will automatically download the proper firmware for the
selected device.
FIGURE 2-2:

IDENTIFY DEVICE

If the device on the target is not correctly identified, programming operations will not be
performed. Check the target power (Section 2.5 Selecting Target Power) and
device ICSP connections before attempting to reselect or change the device.
At any time, the device family may be selected to search for connectivity to a device in
that family. To connect to a device when the application is already running, select the
device family by clicking on the Device Family menu, as shown in Figure 2-3.
FIGURE 2-3:

2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

SELECT DEVICE FAMILY

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

If the Baseline (12-bit core), KEELOQ HCS or EEPROMs device family is selected, you
must select the specific device from the device drop-down box, as shown in Figure 2-4.
These devices do not have a device ID and do not support automatic detection.

CAUTION
Ensure that the correct Baseline has been selected. These devices do not contain a
device ID to confirm device selection.
Choosing the wrong Baseline may cause the erasure of the OSCCAL value that
was stored in the last memory location.
FIGURE 2-4:

DS50002158A-page 16

SELECT BASELINE FLASH DEVICE

2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

Getting Started
2.5

SELECTING TARGET POWER

The PICkit 3 can supply power to the target or the target may be powered externally.

2.5.1

Target Powered from PICkit 3

If you are going to power the target board from the PICkit 3, do not attach a power supply to the target or the PICkit 3 will sense it and not give you the option to use PICkit 3
power. For a target board not connected to an external power supply, you will see the
message shown in Figure 2-5 and the power options displayed in Figure 2-6.
FIGURE 2-5:

TARGET UNPOWERED MESSAGE

FIGURE 2-6:

ENABLE POWER FROM PICkit 3

voltage
box

To enable PICkit 3 to power the target device, check the VDD Target Power On checkbox as shown. The default setting is off, i.e., the checkbox is cleared.
Note:

If a target power supply is not detected, the PICkit 3 will always supply
power to the target during programming, regardless of the Target Power
On checkbox state.

The voltage supplied to the target may be adjusted before or after enabling power by
adjusting the Target Power voltage box (Figure 2-6).
If a short or heavy current load is detected on the programmer-supplied VDD, then you
will receive an error and VDD will be automatically disabled.

CAUTION
When using bus-powered hubs, the maximum current supplied to the PICkit 3 is
100 mA. If the total of the target and the programmer exceeds this current limit, the
USB port might turn off. The target can be powered externally if more power is necessary.
To avoid heavy current load errors, target current consumption should be maintained
at a level that is lower 30 mA. In addition, to avoid slowing VDD rise time, large VDD
capacitances should not be permitted. Allowed VDD rise time is 500 s or less.

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

2.5.2

Target Powered from External Supply

The target device may also be powered externally. By default, the PICkit 3 will automatically detect an externally powered board. The heading VDD PICkit 3 will be changed
to VDD Target, the On checkbox will be replaced by a checkbox named Check, and
the detected VDD voltage is displayed in the grayed out voltage box, as shown in
Figure 2-7.
Clicking the Check checkbox will update the detected VDD voltage displayed in the
voltage box. If no VDD voltage is detected when the checkbox is clicked, then PICkit 3
will return to supplying VDD power to the target device.
Note:

The maximum external VDD that may be used with the PICkit 3 is 5.5 Volts.
The minimum external VDD that may be used with the PICkit 3 is 1.8 Volts.

FIGURE 2-7:

DS50002158A-page 18

EXTERNALLY POWERED TARGET

2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

Getting Started
2.6

IMPORTING A HEX FILE

To import a compiled program (hex file) for it to be programmed into the target device,
select File>Import HEX.
Browse for the hex file and click Open. The code is displayed in the Program Memory
and EEPROM Data windows. The name of the hex file is displayed in the Source block
under Program Memory.
The PICkit 3 Programmer Application will warn you if the hex file does not contain any
Configuration Words.
You will also be warned that the hex file is larger than the selected device if the hex file
contains memory locations that do not exist in the current device. Any data for
non-existent locations will not be imported.

2.7

WRITING THE PROGRAM TO THE DEVICE

After a device family has been selected and a hex file has been imported, the target
device is programmed by clicking Write. The device is erased and then programmed
with the hex code that was imported.
When erasing the device during programming, a Bulk Erase method is used. All Baseline, Mid-Range, and many dsPIC30F and PIC18F devices require a minimum VDD for
the Bulk Erase. Some of these devices support a low-voltage row erase method that
can be used at lower voltages. However, this method takes longer to erase the device.
If a device does not support row erasing, a dialog will pop up to warn you that the device
VDD is below the minimum required for a Bulk Erase.
Note:

If any Code Protect, Data Protect, Write Protect, or Read Protect configuration bits are currently set in the device, the Bulk Erase method must be
used prior to programming. The lower voltage row erase procedure will not
succeed.

The status of the Write operation is displayed in the status bar located under the Device
Configuration window. If the write is successful, the status bar turns green and displays
Programming Successful.
If the write fails, the status bar turns red and displays Programming Failed. This error
indicates that the data was corrupted during the programming sequence. If this error is
displayed, try writing the program to the device again. If the error continues, see
Chapter 5. Troubleshooting for assistance.
Other write issues may be displayed as warnings and will turn the status bar yellow. In
this case, the PICkit 3 and demo board have become disconnected.

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

2.7.1

Writing to Specific Memory Regions

If a device has EEPROM data memory, the Enabled checkbox next to Program
Memory and EEPROM Data will become available.
The checkboxes select which memory regions programming operations will be
affected. Refer to Table 2-1 for a description of how programming operations are
affected by the checkboxes. Erase and Blank Check always operate on all memory
regions.
TABLE 2-1:

MEMORY REGION SELECTION

Program
Memory Enabled
Checked

EEPROM Data
Enabled
Checked

Checked

Checked

Write/Read/Verify

Erase/Blank Check

All Memory Regions

All Memory Regions

Program Memory
User IDS
Configuration

All Memory Regions

EEPROM only

All Memory Regions

Not Allowed

During a Write, regions that are unchecked will remain unchanged in the device.
For example, if Program Memory is unchecked while EEPROM Data is checked, then
a Write operation will only write EEPROM Data, while Program Memory, User IDs and
Configuration Words in the device will remain unchanged.
If Program Memory is checked while EEPROM Data is unchecked, then a Write
operation will program Program Memory, User IDs, and Configuration Words, while
EEPROM Data in the device will remain unchanged.
Due to programming constraints in some devices, the PICkit 3 Programmer Application
may read and re-write EEPROM data memory during a Write to preserve it.
Both memory regions cannot remain unchecked.

2.7.2

Automatic File Reload

Prior to each Write, the imported hex file time stamp is compared to the version on the
drive. If the version on the drive is newer, it is reloaded. This comparison only occurs
when a hex file has been read from the drive.
The automatic reload feature ensures that the latest version built will be written to the
device. It can be used with the Tools>Program on PICkit Button feature to program the
latest MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE) build, without switching to
the PICkit 3 Programmer software, simply by pressing the PICkit 3 unit push button.

2.8

VERIFYING THE DEVICE

The Verify function verifies that the program in device memory matches the hex file
imported into the PICkit 3 Programmer Application. It compares all areas of memory
including program memory, data EEPROM memory, ID, and Configuration bits.
To verify the code, import the hex file and click Verify.
Note that a Write operation is automatically verified if Programmer>Verify on Write is
checked.
If the code is the same, the status bar turns green and displays Device Verified. If a
discrepancy is found, the status bar turns red and displays where the error is located:
Error in Program Memory, Data EEPROM Memory, or Configuration Bits.
Table 2-1 illustrates how Verify is affected by the memory region checkboxes.

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Getting Started
2.9

READING DEVICE MEMORY

To view the code written to the device, click Read.
The code is displayed in the Program Memory and EEPROM Data windows for review.
If the display shows all zeros, it is possible that the device is code-protected.(See
Section 2.10 Code Protecting the Device.)
Table 2-1 illustrates how Read is affected by the memory region checkboxes.

2.10

CODE PROTECTING THE DEVICE

The Code and Data Protect functions enable the read protection features of the device.
To protect the program memory code, complete the following steps:
1. Import the hex file.
2. Select Tools>Enable Code Protect, as shown inFigure 2-8.
3. Click Write.
For devices that have EEPROM data memory, it can be protected by selecting
Tools>Enable Data Protect.
FIGURE 2-8:

Note:

2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

ENABLE CODE PROTECT

If the device is read after it has been protected, the protected memory
regions will display all zeros.
Unchecking Enable Code Protect will not allow you to read the region. You
must erase and reprogram all device memory before you can read that
memory region again.

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

2.11

ERASING AND BLANK CHECKING THE DEVICE

The Erase function erases the program memory, data EEPROM memory, ID, and
Configuration bits, regardless of the state of the Program Memory and EEPROM Data
Enabled checkboxes. However, this function is not normally needed because the
Write function performs an erase operation prior to programming the device.
To erase the device, click Erase.
Note:

The PICkit 3 Erase function always uses the Bulk Erase method that
requires a minimum VDD, even on devices that support row erasing for the
Write function. You will be warned if VDD is below the minimum for the
connected device.

The Blank Check function will read the entire device to determine if Program Memory,
EEPROM Data memory, User IDs, and Configuration bits are erased. All memory
regions will be examined, regardless of the state of the Program Memory and EEPROM
Data Enabled checkboxes.
To Blank Check the device, click Blank Check.

2.12

AUTOMATING WRITE/READ PROCEDURES

The PICkit 3 Programmer Application has two buttons for automating multiple
functions.
FIGURE 2-9:

2.12.1

AUTOMATING BUTTONS

Auto Import Hex + Write Device Button

This features allows the PICkit 3 Programmer Application to automatically import a hex
file and write it to a connected device when the hex file is updated; for example, on a
new firmware build.
To use this feature, click Auto Import Hex + Write Device. This will bring up an Import
Hex file dialog that defaults to the first hex file in the file history (under the File menu).
After selecting a file, it is written to the device. The PICkit 3 Programmer Application
then monitors the selected hex file for updates. When the file has been updated (has a
newer time stamp), the application automatically re-imports the hex file and writes to
the target device.
While this feature is enabled, other programming operations are disabled. The Auto
Import Hex + Write Device button remains pressed while this feature is active. To stop
using this feature, click Auto Import Hex + Write Device again.
If an error is encountered during hex file importing or device programming, the
application will automatically exit this feature mode.

2.12.2

Read Device + Export Hex File Button

When clicked, this button will read the target device and open an Export Hex File
dialog.

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Getting Started
2.13

PICKIT 3 UNIT ID
The PICkit 3 might be assigned (optionally) a Unit ID string to identify it uniquely.
Once assigned, the PICkit 3 Unit ID displays in the PICkit 3 Programmer software title
bar, and in the Status Window, when first connecting to the PICkit 3. An example is
shown in Figure 2-19 where the Unit ID is BUR102111707.
FIGURE 2-10:

2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

UNIT ID

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

NOTES:

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PICkit 3 PROGRAMMER
APPLICATION USERS GUIDE
Chapter 3. Using In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP)
3.1

INTRODUCTION
The PICkit 3 Programmer can program microcontroller devices that are installed in an
application circuit using In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP). ICSP requires five
signals:
VPP Programming Voltage; when applied, the device goes into Programming
mode.
ICSPCLK or PGC Programming Clock; a unidirectional synchronous serial clock
line from the programmer to the target.
ICSPDAT or PGD Programming Data; a bidirectional synchronous serial data line.
VDD Power Supply positive voltage.
VSS Power Supply ground reference.
However, the application circuit must be designed to allow all the programming signals
to be connected to the device without distorting the programming signals. Figure 3-1
shows a typical circuit as a starting point when designing an application circuit for ICSP.
For successful ICSP programming, the precautions in the following sections need to be
followed.
Note:

For details on how a specific device is programmed, refer to the device

programming specification available from the Microchip web site at
www.microchip.com.

FIGURE 3-1:

TYPICAL ICSP APPLICATION CIRCUIT

Isolation Circuitry:
Resistor or Schottky-type diode

PICkit 3
Programming
Header

+5V

1
2
3
4
5
6

+5V
470 Ohm*

10k*

OR

0.1 F*

1
2
3
4

VSS 8
VDD
RA0/ICSPDAT 7
RA5
RA1/ICSPCLK 6
RA4
RA2 5
RA3/MCLR/VPP

VPP/MCLR
VDD
VSS
ICSPDAT/PGD
ICSPCLK/PGC
PGM/LVP

To Application
Circuit

Target Microcontroller
Device

Typical Values

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

3.2

ISOLATE VPP/MCLR/PORT PIN

When VPP voltage is applied, the application circuit needs to take into consideration
that the typical VPP voltage is +12V. This may be an issue in the following situations.

If the VPP pin is used as a MCLR pin:

The application circuit is typically connected to a pull up resistor/capacitor circuit, as
recommended in the device data sheet. Care must be taken so that the VPP voltage
slew rate is not slowed down and exceeds the rise time in the programming
specification (typically 1 s).
If a supervisory circuit or a push button is interfaced to the MCLR pin, it is
recommended that they be isolated from the VPP voltage by using a Schottky-type
diode or limiting resistor, as shown in Figure 3-1. For more information about using
supervisory circuits with ICSP, see Application Note AN820 System Supervisors in
ICSP Architectures (DS00820).

If the VPP pin is used as an I/O port pin:

The application circuit that connects to the I/O pin may not be able to handle the +12V
voltage. It is recommended to use a Schottky-type diode or limiting resistor, as shown
in Figure 3-1 to isolate the circuitry.

3.3

ISOLATE ICSPCLK OR PGC AND ICSPDAT OR PGD PINS

The ICSPCLK or PGC and ICSPDAT or PGD pins need to be isolated from the
application circuit to prevent the programming signals from being affected by the
application circuitry. ICSPCLK or PGC is a unidirection synchronous serial
programming clock line from the programmer to the target. ICSPDAT or PGD is a
bidirectional synchronous serial programming data line.
If the design permits, dedicate these pins for ICSP. However, if the application circuit
requires that these pins be used in the application circuit, design the circuitry in a
manner that does not alter the signal level and slew rates. Isolation circuitry will vary
according to the application. Figure 3-1 shows one possibility by using series resistors
to isolate the ICSP signals from the application circuit.

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Using In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP)

3.4

VDD
During ICSP programming, the device needs to be powered in accordance with the
device specification. Typically, the device supply voltage is connected to the application
circuit supply voltage. The application circuit can be powered by the PICkit 3 or externally. There are a few precautions that need to be observed in the situations covered
in the following three sections.

3.4.1

The application circuit is powered by the PICkit 3

The PICkit 3 supply voltage may set between the maximum and minimum voltages
allowed by the device programming specification, unless the minimum is below +2.5V.
Be sure to set the voltage box to the appropriate voltage before programming the
device or turning on VDD.

CAUTION
When using bus powered hubs, the maximum current supplied to the PICkit 3 is
100 mA. If the target plus programmer exceeds this current limit, the USB port may
turn off. The target may be powered externally if more powered is required.
Note:

3.4.2

Current draw should be limited to 30 mA when using the programmer to

power the application circuit. Ensure that the application circuit does not
slow the VDD rise time to longer than 500 s.

The application circuit is powered externally

The PICkit 3 may be used with application circuits powered externally between +5.5V
and +1.8V.

3.4.3

Bulk Erase is used

Some devices use a Bulk Erase function to erase program memory, data EEPROM
memory, ID locations, and Configuration bits. Typically, the Bulk Erase function
requires a supply voltage (VDD) of 4.5 to 5.5 Volts (refer to the device programming
specification for device specific requirements).
This voltage range can be a problem if the application circuit is designed to operate at
a different supply voltage range. In order to Bulk Erase the device, the application
circuit needs to take into consideration the Bulk Erase voltage requirement while
protecting any voltage sensitive circuitry.
If the application circuit VDD is below the minimum required for the Bulk Erase, a dialog
will warn the user before attempting to erase the device.

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

3.5

VSS
The power supply ground reference, VSS, must be at the same potential as the
application circuit.

3.6

CABLE LENGTHS
Minimize the distance the ICSP signals must travel by placing the ICSP connector as
close to the application circuit device as possible. Minimize any cable length between
the PICkit 3 and application circuit device. The goal is to keep the ICSP signals within
the level and slew rate specifications for successful programming.

3.7

SERIAL EEPROM AND KEELOQ HCS DEVICES

The programming signals and connections for these devices are different than those
for microcontrollers as described in Section 3.1 Introduction and Figure 3-1. See
the PICkit 3 Programmer Readme file, Help>Readme, for programming signal
connectivity for serial EEPROM and KEELOQ HCS devices.
Additionally, these devices are not intended to be programmed in-circuit. Attempting to
program serial EEPROM devices while in-circuit may fail due to conflicts with other
devices on the serial bus.

3.8

LOGIC TOOL
The PICkit 3 Logic Tool allows the PICkit 3 ICSP connector pins to be used for stimulating and probing digital signals in a target circuit, and collectively as a simple 3 channel logic analyzer. The Logic Tool is opened by selecting Tools>Logic Tool in the main
PICkit 3 Programmer Application window. See Chapter 7. Logic Tool for more
information.

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PICkit 3 PROGRAMMER
APPLICATION USERS GUIDE
Chapter 4. PICkit 3 Programmer Application
4.1

PICkit 3 PROGRAMMER APPLICATION DIALOG

The PICkit 3 Programmer Application allows you to program all supported devices
listed in the PICkit 3 Readme file without using the MPLAB IDE. The programming
interface appears, as shown inFigure 4-1. The menu items and controls are described
in the following sections.
For more information on how to install and use the PICkit 3 Programmer Application,
see Chapter 2. Getting Started.

FIGURE 4-1:

PICKIT 3 PROGRAMMER APPLICATION DIALOG

Menu Bar
Device Configuration
Configuration Word
Editor
Status Window
Progress Bar
Device VDD
MCLR State
Memory Source

Program Memory

Hex File Options

EEPROM Data Memory

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

4.2

PICKIT 3 PROGRAMMER APPLICATION MENU BAR

The menu bar selects various functions of the PICkit 3 Programmer Application.

4.2.1

File

Import Hex import a hex file for programming. The hex file format INHX32 is
supported.
Export Hex export a hex file read from a device. The hex file is created in the
INHX32 format.
Exit exit the program.

4.2.2

Device Family

Select a device family to search for a connected device in that family. Selecting the
device family of the current part will clear all device data.
Some families that cannot be auto-detected (such as Baseline) will open a drop-down
box so that supported devices can be selected.

4.2.3

Programmer

Read Device reads program memory, data EEPROM memory, ID locations and
Configuration bits.
Write Device writes program memory, data EEPROM memory, ID locations and
Configuration bits.
Verify verifies program memory, data EEPROM memory, ID locations and
Configuration bits read from the target MCU against the code stored in the
programming application.
Erase performs a Bulk Erase of the target MCU. OSCCAL and band gap values
are preserved on parts with these features.
Blank Check performs a Blank Check of program memory, data EEPROM
memory, ID locations and Configuration bits.
Verify on Write when checked, the device will be immediately verified after
programming on a Write (recommended). When unchecked, the device will be
programmed but not verified on a Write.
Clear Memory Buffers on Erase clears and resets the memory buffers on the target MCU when an erase command is performed.
Hold Device in Reset when checked, the MCLR (VPP) pin is held low (asserted).
When unchecked, the pin is released (tri-stated), allowing an external pull-up to
bring the device out of Reset.
Alert Sounds... opens the Alert Sounds dialog where you can enable and select
sound files to indicate success, warning or error.
Write on PICkit Button when checked, a Write operation will be initiated by
pressing the PICkit 3 push button.
Manual Device Select enables you to type a device to select.

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application

4.2.4

Tools

Enable Code Protect enables code protection features of the microcontroller on

future Write operations.
Note:

To disable code protect, all device memory must be erased and rewritten.

Enable Data Protect enables data protection features of the microcontroller on

future Write operations
OSCCAL allows the OSCCAL value to be changed for devices where it is stored
in the last location of Program Memory.
Target VDD Source
- Auto-Detect The PICkit 3 automatically detects whether the target device
has its own power supply or needs to be powered by the programmer on each
operation.
- Force PICkit 3 The PICkit 3 always attempts to supply VDD to the target
device.
- Force Target The PICkit 3 always assumes that the target has its own power
supply.
Display Unimplemented Config Bits
- As 0 bit value
- As 1 bit value
- As read or imported
Set Unit ID opens a dialog to optionally assign a Unit ID so that multiple PICkit 3
devices can be identified.
Use VPP First Program Entry when checked, it allows the PICkit 3 to connect to
and program devices with configurations and code that interferes with the ICSP
signal pins, preventing PICkit 3 from detecting them. Using this feature requires
that the PICkit 3 supplies VDD to the target.
Use LVP Program Entry when checked, it allows the PICkit 3 to connect to and
program devices with low voltage.
Fast Programming when checked, the PICkit 3 will attempt to program the
device as fast as possible. When unchecked, the PICkit 3 will slow down ICSP
communication. This may be helpful for targets with loaded ICSP lines.
Check Communication verifies USB communication with the PICkit 3 and ICSP
communication with a target device by attempting to identify the connected device
by its device ID.
Logic Tool... - launches the Logic Tool.
Check Communication - verifies communication with the PICkit 3.
Download PICkit Operating System performs a download of the PICkit 3 operating system (firmware).
Revert to MPLAB mode - the PICkit 3 cannot operate in the Programmer Application and MPLAB IDE modes simultaneously. Selecting this option returns the
PICkit 3 to bootloader mode so that the MPLAB IDE can update the PICkit 3 with
compatible firmware.

4.2.5

View

Single Window - displays active window

Multiple Window - enables selectable viewing of separate windows for:
- Program Memory
- EEPROM data
- Associate/Memory Displays in Front

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

4.2.6

Help

PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide launches the users guide PDF
(Adobe Reader must be installed).
PICkit 3 ReadMe opens the PICkit 3 Readme.txt file.
PICkit 3 Programmer on the web opens the link to the PICkit 3 in the default web
browser.
About opens a dialog with the PICkit 3 Programmer Application version, device
file version and firmware version.

4.3

DEVICE CONFIGURATION
The Device Configuration window displays the device, User ID, Configuration, and
Checksum. It also displays OSCCAL and Band Gap for parts with those features.
For baseline (12-bit core) devices, serial EEPROM devices, and KEELOQ HCS devices,
you must select the device from the Device drop-down menu.
All other part family devices will be detected by their device ID and the part name will
be displayed on the Device line.
To edit the Configuration settings, click on Configuration: to open the Configuration
Word Editor dialog (Figure 4-2), where you can edit the bit settings.

FIGURE 4-2:

DS50002158A-page 32

CONFIGURATION WORD EDITOR

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application

4.4

STATUS WINDOW
The status window displays text status of the operations in progress. If an operation is
successful, the status window will display a green background. If an operation fails, the
status window will display red. If an operation alerts a caution, the status window will
display yellow.

4.5

PROGRESS BAR
The progress bar displays the progress of an operation.

4.6

DEVICE VDD
The PICkit 3 VDD may be turned on and off by clicking the checkbox On. The voltage
may be set in the box on the right either by typing it directly or using the up/down arrows
to adjust it a tenth of a volt at a time. The maximum and minimum allowed voltages will
vary depending on the target device.
If the On checkbox is unchecked, PICkit 3 will automatically turn on the VDD at the set
voltage during any requested programming operation.
FIGURE 4-3:

PICKIT 3 SUPPLIED VDD

If the target device has its own power supply, then the PICkit 3 will display the detected
VDD voltage in the box on the right, which will be grayed out to prevent being changed.
The checkbox text changes to Check, and clicking on the checkbox will update the
detected VDD voltage value. If Target VDD>Auto-Detect is selected, clicking on the
checkbox will revert the VDD mode back to PICkit 3 supplied VDD if a target power
supply is no longer detected.
FIGURE 4-4:

4.7

TARGET SUPPLIED VDD

DEVICE MCLR STATE

The /MCLR checkbox shown in Figure 4-3 and Figure 4-4 has the same functionality
as the menu selection Programmer>Hold Device in Reset. When the box is checked
the target device will be held in Reset. When unchecked, the target circuit is allowed to
pull MCLR up to VDD to release the device from Reset. This function can be used to
prevent a device from executing code before and after programming.
Note:

2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

If the target device allows the MCLR pin to be configured as an input port,
and it is configured as such, PICkit 3 will not be able to hold the device in
Reset.

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

4.8

MEMORY SOURCE
The Source bar displays the source of the currently loaded device data. If read from a
hex file, it will display the hex file name. If read from a device, it will display the part
name. None (Empty/Erased) indicates the buffers are empty, and it will display
Edited once Program Memory or Data EEPROM Memory has been edited in the
window.

4.9

PROGRAM MEMORY
Program code can be loaded into the PICkit 3 Programmer Application by selecting
File>Import HEX to import a hex file or by clicking Read to read the device memory.
The origin of the code is displayed in the Source block. The Program Memory window
displays the program code in hexadecimal. The code may be edited in the window.
The checkbox next to the Program Memory window is only available on devices with
EEPROM data memory. If the box is checked, then Program Memory, User IDs, and
Configuration Words are written to, read from, and verified on the device. If the box is
unchecked, then Program Memory, User IDs, and Configuration Words will not be
erased or altered during a Write Device operation, and will not be read or verified. The
checkbox does not affect Erase Device or Blank Check operations. Both memory
window checkboxes cannot be cleared at the same time.
For supported serial EEPROM devices, the device contents are displayed in the Program Memory window, instead of the Data EEPROM Memory window, for easier
viewing in the larger display area.

4.10

HEX FILE OPTIONS

Two options are available to set up automating multiple functions:
Auto Import Hex + Write Device automatically imports a hex file and writes it to
the device
Read Device + Export Hex File automatically reads the device and opens a
dialog to export the hex file.

4.11

EEPROM DATA MEMORY

Similar to Program Memory, data EEPROM code can be loaded into the PICkit 3 Programmer Application by selecting File>Import HEX to import a hex file or by clicking
Read to read the device memory. The origin of the code is displayed in the Source
block. The Data EEPROM Memory window displays the program code in hexadecimal.
The code may be edited in the window.
The check box next to the EEPROM Data window controls whether the EEPROM Data
memory is written, read, and verified. If the box is checked, then the device EEPROM
will be overwritten with the window data. If the box is not checked, then the device
EEPROM will not be erased or altered during a Write Device operation. The checkbox
does not affect Erase Device or Blank Check operations. Both memory window
checkboxes cannot be cleared at the same time.

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PICkit 3 PROGRAMMER
APPLICATION USERS GUIDE
Chapter 5. Troubleshooting
5.1

INTRODUCTION
This chapter provides questions and answers to common problems associated with
using the PICkit 3 Programmer Application.

5.2

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Device is Not Recognized

Current Limit Exceeded
Verify and Read Return All Zeros
VDD/VPP Errors
Programming Errors
Windows Error: Unrecognized USB Device
PICkit 3 Not Found
PICkit 3 Programmer Application Locks Up
Programming Fails on Configuration
Unable to Program PIC10F Devices
The PICkit 3 PGM/LVP Pin
PICkit 3 HEX File Format
Window Display Problems

Device is Not Recognized

Question
Why am I receiving a No Device Found message?
Answer
Verify that the device is supported and that the target MCU is connected to the PICkit 3
in accordance with Chapter 3. Using In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP). Verify
that PIC18FXXJXX, PIC24X, and dsPIC33F devices have an appropriate capacitance
on the VDDCORE/VCAP pin in accordance with the device data sheet.
Verify that the device is a member of the currently active family displayed at the top of
the Status window. Select the correct family from the Device Family menu if needed.
See also the Programming Fails on Configuration topic.

Current Limit Exceeded

Question
Why am I receiving the error message USB Hub Current Limit Exceeded from the
Microsoft Windows program?
Answer
Verify that the application circuit is not drawing more than 30 mA from the PICkit 3.

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

Verify and Read Return All Zeros
Question
When Verify or Read are clicked, the Program Memory window comes up with all
zeros. What is wrong?
Answer
The device may be code-protected. Ensure code protection has not been selected in
the Configuration Word.

VDD/VPP Errors
Question
Why do I keep getting a VDD Error or VPP Error?
Answer
This error indicates that the PICkit 3 is not able to drive VDD or VPP to the intended voltage. Check the circuit board for shorts, for large current draw and verify that the target
device is connected to the PICkit 3 in accordance with Chapter 3. Using In-Circuit
Serial Programming (ICSP). Make sure that VDD capacitance is not reducing the VDD
rise time longer than 500 s.

Programming Errors
Question
Why am I able to program some parts but not others?
Answer
If some parts are configured for Low-Voltage Programming, a floating PGM pin can
interfere with programming. Use a resistor to pull this pin low when programming.
Some Mid-Range parts, such as the PIC16F72/73/74/76/77 family and
PIC16F737/747/767/777 family require a minimum programming VDD of +4.75V.
Depending on the USB voltage, the PICkit 3 may not be able to supply +4.75V on VDD.
Program these parts using an external +5.0V power supply.
Some PIC18F parts require significant bypass capacitance on VDD. Try increasing the
total bypass capacitance up to 10 F.
PIC18FXXJXX, PIC24X, and dsPIC30F/33F devices require a 4.7 F capacitor on the
VDDCORE/VCAP pin in order to function properly. If not using a separate regulator to supply VDDCORE, ensure that the ENVREG pin is tied to VDD.

Windows Error: Unrecognized USB Device

Question
Why do I get an unrecognized device error when plugging my PICkit 3 into USB?
Answer
This error may occur if PICkit 3 is plugged into USB while connected to a target circuit
board. When plugging PICkit 3 in a PC, restarting or booting up a PC, ensure the
PICkit 3 is not connected to a target device.
This error may also occur when PICkit 3 is used with some USB hubs. If the PICkit 3 is
plugged into a USB hub port, try plugging the PICkit 3 directly into a PC USB port.

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Troubleshooting
PICkit 3 Not Found
Question
I have my PICkit 3 plugged into USB, but the PICkit 3 Programmer Application keeps
saying PICkit 3 Not Found?
Answer
Please see the answer for Windows Error: Unrecognized USB Device.

PICkit 3 Programmer Application Locks Up

Question
Why is the PICkit 3 Programmer window locking up?
Answer
Often times, the software hasnt truly locked up. During a programming operation the
PICkit 3 application user interface is inactive. Until the programming operation is complete, the Windows OS may stop updating the PICkit 3 if another application is brought
into focus or the PICkit 3 has just been brought back into focus. Once the programming
operation is complete, the application window will update. For large memory parts, programming may take several minutes. For 8-bit devices, try waiting at least 3 minutes
before concluding the software has truly locked up. For 16-bit devices, try waiting 5
minutes for the operation to complete.
There are a few USB controller chipsets that appear to cause lockup problems with the
PICkit 3, which seem to be more common in laptops. This can usually be worked
around by connecting a USB hub between the PC and the PICkit 3 unit, or using a USB
Cardbus adapter. Using a USB hub with an external power supply is recommended.

Programming Fails on Configuration

Question
Why does programming a device always fail on the Configuration Word(s), after which
PICkit 3 wont recognize the device?
Answer
This may be caused by a Configuration setting or program code that affects the ICSP
PGD and PGC pins. This interference can prevent the target PIC MCU from entering
programming mode.
Check the menu option Tools>Use VPP First Program Entry when attempting a programming operation on these devices. This program mode entry will usually get around
the problem, but it requires that the target device be powered from the PICkit 3 unit VDD
pin.

Unable to Program PIC10F Devices

Question
Why wont my PIC10F parts program?
Answer
The PIC10F parts are 6-pin devices, even though they can be ordered in an 8-pin DIP.
The AC163020 PIC10F2XX Programming Adapter should be used.

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

The PICkit 3 PGM/LVP Pin
Question
What is the PGM/LVP pin for? How do I connect it?
Answer
The PICkit 3 PGM/LVP pin is not used for programming PIC microcontrollers, and
should be left unconnected. The PGM/LVP pin is only used when programming some
Serial EEPROMS. See the PICkit 3 Readme file (Help>Readme) for EEPROM connection information.

PICkit 3 HEX File Format

Question
What HEX file format does the PICkit 3 Programmer application use?
Answer
The PICkit 3 Programmer application uses the Intel Hex 32 Format, often referred to
as INHX32. However, PICkit 3 does not support record types 03 and 05. Least
Significant Bytes are at lower hex file addresses (little Endian format).

Window Display Problems

Question
Why is the PICkit 3 Programmer application displaying Program Memory and/or
EEPROM Data locations as all periods ? Why cant I close the Help>About dialog?
Answer
These issues are frequently caused by non-standard monitor DPI settings. This can be
corrected by setting the DPI to the Normal setting, 96 DPI. To do this
1. Right click on the Windows desktop background and select Properties from the
pop-up menu. This will open the Display Properties dialog.
2. In the Display Properties dialog, select the Settings tab.
3. On this tab, click Advanced to open the Monitor dialog.
4. In the Monitor dialog, select the General tab.
5. On this tab, change the DPI setting: to Normal size (96 DPI)
6. Click Apply, then the OK button to close the dialog.
7. Click OK to close the Display Properties dialog.
It may be necessary to restart the PC for the changes to take effect.

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PICkit 3 PROGRAMMER
APPLICATION USERS GUIDE
Chapter 6. Updating and Reverting the PICkit 3 OS
6.1

INTRODUCTION
Updating and reverting the operating system (firmware) for the PICkit 3 programmer
are discussed in this chapter. The differing operating systems are referred to as
scripting mode or MPLAB mode.
Note:

6.2

Do not have the MPLAB IDE open when updating the scripting mode OS or
reverting to the MPLAB mode OS.

UPDATING THE PICkit 3 OS TO SCRIPTING MODE

Before launching the PICkit 3 Programmer Application, be certain that the MPLAB IDE
is not open. When the PICkit 3 Programmer Application is launched, it will check the
firmware version of the PICkit 3 to see if it is the latest version. A message is displayed
with instructions to download an operating system (Figure 6-1).

FIGURE 6-1:

UPDATE PICkit 3 OS WARNING

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

To update the PICkit 3 firmware/OS, refer to the PICkit 3 Programmer Application
readme and complete the following steps:
1. When the PICkit 3 Programmer Application was initially downloaded, the latest
firmware/OS was also downloaded. If this is the case, go to step 2.
If you need to download the latest PICkit 3 firmware/OS from the Microchip web
site, go to www.microchip.com. Save the zip file in the PICkit 3 installation directory. By default, the location is: C:\Program Files\Microchip\PICkit 3
2. Select Tools>Download PICKit Operating System.
3. Select the hex file from the directory where the latest firmware/OS file was saved
and click on the Open button.
The progress of the OS update will display in the status bar.
When the update completes, the status bar will display indicating a successful
download. The firmware/OS update is then complete.

6.3

REVERTING THE PICKIT 3 OS TO MPLAB MODE

Before reverting to MPLAB mode, make sure MPLAB IDE is not open. The PICkit 3 OS
used for the Programmer Application is not compatible with the MPLAB IDE.
1. To switch from using the PICkit 3 Programmer Application to the MPLAB IDE,
select Tools>Revert to MPLAB Mode.
The following message displays.
FIGURE 6-2:

REVERT TO MPLAB MODE

2. Click OK to proceed.
This reverts the PICkit 3 to bootloader mode so MPLAB IDE can update the
PICkit 3 with MPLAB IDE compatible firmware.
3. When complete, a message stating the PICkit 3 has been converted to MPLAB
mode displays.
4. Click OK to exit the PICkit 3 Programmer Application.

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PICkit 3 PROGRAMMER
APPLICATION USERS GUIDE
Chapter 7. Logic Tool
7.1

INTRODUCTION
The PICkit 3 Logic Tool allows the PICkit 3 ICSP connector pins to be used for stimulating and probing digital signals in a target circuit, and collectively as a simple 3-channel logic analyzer. The Logic Tool is opened by selecting Tools > Logic Tool in the
main PICkit 3 Programmer Application window.
The Logic Tool has two operating modes. The Logic I/O mode is useful for triggering
inputs to a PIC microcontroller or other digital circuitry, and can monitor digital signals
to display their state. In essence, it provides an alternative for wiring buttons and LEDs
to pins or signals while debugging or developing I/O functions.
The Analyzer mode can display waveforms of up to three digital signals, and trigger on
specific events such as a rising edge on one signal when another signal is at a logic
high level. This may be very useful for debugging serial communication buses such as
UART, SPI and I2C. It is also very applicable to monitoring the behavior of general
microcontroller I/O.
Information in this guide covers:

Logic I/O Mode

Configuring the Logic Tool Logic I/O
Logic Analyzer Mode
The Logic Analyzer Window

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

7.2

LOGIC I/O MODE

The PICkit 3 Logic Tool Logic I/O mode is the default mode when the Logic Tool is first
opened. It allows simple stimulus and monitoring of digital signals.
The Logic Tool mode is set by the two buttons in the upper right of the Logic Tool window.
The 6-pin PICkit 3 ICSP connector has four signal pins that can be used inject a digital
signal into a circuit or display the state of a digital signal from a circuit. The remaining
two pins are dedicated for VDD and Ground connections.
The six ICSP pins can function as follows in Logic I/O mode:

Note 1:

Pin

ICSP Function

Logic I/O Function

VPP/MCLR

VDD

GND

GND - must connect to target circuit ground

PGD

Digital Output or Digital Input

PGC

Digital Output or Digital Input

PGM (LVP)

Digital Output or Digital Input

Digital Output

VDD - must connect to or match target VDD

The PICkit 3 VDD pin must be connected to the target circuit VDD supply,
or set to provide a VDD output voltage in the main PICkit 3 application
form.
The voltage level at the VDD pin sets the output high voltage for pins 4, 5,
and 6 when used as outputs. For example, if using the PICkit 3 to provide
digital stimulus to a 3.3 Volt circuit, the VDD pin should be either set to or
connected to a 3.3 V supply to limit the output high voltage to 3.3 Volts.
Pin 1's output voltage swing is determined by the voltage on the VDD pin
when the Logic I/O is first enabled.

2:

DS50002158A-page 44

When used as inputs, pins 4 and 5 may be used to monitor signals down
to 2.5 Volt logic, as these are TTL input buffers. Pin 6, as an input, may
be used to monitor signals down to 3.6 Volt logic. It may not reliably report
high signal states for lower voltage logic signals, as the input buffer is a
Schmitt Trigger.

2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

Logic Tool
7.3

CONFIGURING THE LOGIC TOOL LOGIC I/O

First, to use the Logic I/O mode the Logic I/O mode button on the upper right of the logic
window must be depressed, as shown in Figure 7-1.

FIGURE 7-1:

INITIAL LOGIC I/O MODE DISPLAY

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

Second, the four PICkit 3 pins used for Logic I/O digital signals (pins 1, 4, 5, and 6) will
remain tri-stated (inactive) until the Enable IO button is pressed, as shown in
Figure 7-2. When the IO is enabled, it becomes active and can be configured. If no valid
voltage is detected on the VDD pin when clicking Enable IO a dialog will pop up to alert
the user, and the PICkit 3 pins will remain disabled.
FIGURE 7-2:

LOGIC I/O MODE ENABLED

Now that the pins of the PICkit 3 unit are enabled, the pin directions and output states
can be configured.

7.3.1

Setting Pin Direction

Pins 4, 5, and 6 may be configured as Outputs (output a digital signal from PICkit 3) or
Inputs (monitor a digital signal state connected to the pin). Pin 1 is only available as an
Output.
Click the radio buttons next to the Pin # to set the pin as an Output or Input. When the
pin is an Input, the connected signal state is displayed in the blue Inputs box, as
shown in Figure 7-3 and Figure 7-4.
FIGURE 7-3:

DS50002158A-page 46

LOGIC I/O INPUT SIGNAL IS LOGIC LOW (0)

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Logic Tool
FIGURE 7-4:

Note:

LOGIC I/O INPUT SIGNAL IS LOGIC HIGH (1)

Pin 4 and Pin 5 have a 4.7k Ohm pull-down resistor internal to the PICkit 3.
This resistor is necessary for the PICkit 3 debugger functions, but note that
this pull-down resistor will affect any digital signal it is connected to.
Generally, this is only an issue when using Pin 4 or Pin 5 as an input. See
the Appendix B. PICkit 3 Schematics for the pin circuit diagrams.

When a pin is selected as an Output, the pin will drive the logic level shown in the read
Output box. Toggle the output state by clicking on the Output state box. Alternatively,
a keyboard shortcut key can be used for each pin to toggle the output. The shortcut
keys are:
Pin

Shortcut Key

<A>

<S>

<D>

<F>

FIGURE 7-5:

LOGIC I/O OUTPUT LOGIC LOW (0)

FIGURE 7-6:

LOGIC I/O OUTPUT LOGIC HIGH (1)

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

7.4

LOGIC ANALYZER MODE

The Analyzer mode of the PICkit 3 Logic Tool enables using the PICkit 3 as a simple
3-channel logic analyzer to capture, view, and measure the digital waveforms of up to
three signals.

7.4.1

Connecting the PICkit 3 in Analyzer Mode

The PICkit 3 ISCP connector pins 4, 5, and 6 are used as the inputs for the three logic
channels.
Pin

ICSP Function

VPP/MCLR

Logic Analyzer Function

No Connect

VDD

VDD - must connect to or match target VDD

GND

GND - must connect to target circuit ground

PGD

Analyzer Channel 1

PGC

Analyzer Channel 2

PGM (LVP)

Analyzer Channel 3

For example, to monitor a SPI bus, the analyzer channel pins could be connected to
monitor the three main bus signals as follows:
Logic Analyzer Pin

DS50002158A-page 48

SPI Bus Signal

Analyzer Channel 1

SCK

Analyzer Channel 2

SDO (bus master output)

Analyzer Channel 3

SDI (bus master input)

Note 1:

The PICkit 3 VDD pin must be connected to the target circuit VDD supply,
or set to provide a VDD output voltage in the main PICkit 3 application
form.
Having the VDD pin connected is necessary as the PICkit 3 logic channel
pins are clamped to the VDD pin voltage. If no voltage is present on VDD,
the analyzer channel pins will be essentially clamped to ground!
It is possible to have PICkit 3 output a VDD voltage without connecting pin
2 to the circuit VDD, as long as the VDD level is greater than or equal to
the target circuit logic high voltage.

2:

Pin 4 and Pin 5 have a 4.7k Ohm pull-down resistor internal to the
PICkit 3. This resistor is necessary for the PICkit 3 debugger functions,
but note that this pull-down resistor will affect any digital signal these pins
are connected to. See the PICkit 3 schematic in the PICkit 3 Users Guide
appendix for the pin circuit diagrams.

3:

Channels 1 and 2 (pins 4 and 5) may be used to monitor signals down to

2.5 Volt logic, as these are TTL input buffers. Channel 3 (pin 6) may be
used to monitor signals down to 3.6 Volt logic. It may not reliably report
high signal states for lower voltage logic signals, as the input buffer is a
Schmitt Trigger.

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Logic Tool
7.5

THE LOGIC ANALYZER WINDOW

The Logic Tool analyzer window is divided into three sections, as shown in Figure 7-7.
These are
1. Display for viewing and measuring captured waveforms.
2. Trigger for setting trigger conditions for a capture
3. Acquisition for setting the waveform sample rate and the waveform relation to
the trigger sample.
Each section will be covered one at a time.

FIGURE 7-7:

ANALYZER WINDOW SECTIONS

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

7.5.1

The Analyzer Display Section

The display section of the analyzer window allows the waveform to be viewed, zoomed,
measured, and saved as a bitmap file.
Figure 7-8 shows a SPI bus waveform capture of a 2-byte transmission, and details the
elements of the display window section.
FIGURE 7-8:

ANALYZER DISPLAY

7.5.1.1

TRIGGER

The trigger is a predefined event in the monitored signals that causes a capture of the
signal waveform. Triggering is discussed in detail in Section 7.5.3 The Analyzer
Trigger Section.
On the waveform display, the point where the trigger occurred is indicated by a vertical
red line. In Figure 7-8, the trigger was set to occur at the first rising edge of Channel 1,
the SPI SCLK clock signal.
7.5.1.2

TIME SCALE

Above left of the waveform display is the time scale. This is how much time each Division Line in the waveform represents. In Figure 7-8, each division is 50 microseconds
of time.
7.5.1.3

DIVISION LINE

A division line is a gray vertical line across the waveform display, which can be used to
give a time reference to the displayed waveform. In Figure 7-8, the first 8 clocks on
Channel 1 occupy about 3 divisions, so transmitting the first SPI byte took about 3 x 50
= 150 us.
Smaller hash marks at the top and bottom of the display subdivide each time division
into 5 smaller units. Since each time division in Figure 7-8 is 50 us, the smaller hash
marks represent 10 us of time.
7.5.1.4

WAVEFORM SCROLL

The captured waveform is longer than can be shown all at once effectively in the display, so the horizontal scroll bar allows the display to scroll for viewing the entire waveform.

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Logic Tool
7.5.1.5

WAVEFORM ZOOM LEVEL

The waveform Zoom allows four levels of zoom to be selected. Normally, at 1x zoom
each sample of a waveform is displayed as a pixel. A waveform is 1024 pixels, of which
500 can be displayed in the window. By selecting zoom level 0.5x, the waveform is
compressed so two samples are shown per pixel, which allows the entire waveform to
be view at once, but with a loss of detail.
Zoom levels 2x and 4x display the waveform with 2 pixels per sample and 4 pixels per
sample, respectively. This allows relative time details between the waveforms to be
more easily seen.
Figure 7-9 shows the SPI waveform at zoom levels of 0.5x, 1x, and 2x. Note that the
time scale changes as the zoom is changed.
FIGURE 7-9:

7.5.1.6

ANALYZER WINDOW SECTIONS

SAVE WAVEFORM

Click the Save button to save the current waveform display in a bitmap file. The time
scale will be added to the bottom of the display, as shown in Figure 7-9. If cursors are
active, the cursors and their times will also be saved with the display.
Note that the entire waveform is saved. In Figure 7-9, the 1x and 2x waveforms were
truncated after saving to only show the first portion.

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

7.5.2

The Analyzer Display Cursors

The display cursors are useful for making time and frequency measurements in the displayed waveform.
1. Click to check the Cursors checkbox and enable the cursors.
2. Place the X cursor by left-clicking in the waveform display.
3. Place the Y cursor by right-clicking in the waveform display.
It can be helpful to use Zoom for exact placement of the cursors. When zoomed, the
cursors will get wider as they are the width of a sample and the sample width grows
with increasing zoom.
Above the waveform display, the time difference between the Trigger and each cursor
is displayed, along with the difference between the triggers. The time period between
the cursor is also displayed as the related frequency.
In Figure 7-10, the cursors are used to measure the period (19 us) and frequency (53
kHz) of the SPI clock in channel 1. The X cursor sample is 116 us after the Trigger sample, and the Y cursor point is 135 us after the Trigger.
FIGURE 7-10:

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ANALYZER DISPLAY CURSORS

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Logic Tool
7.5.3

The Analyzer Trigger Section

The trigger is a user-defined set of events in the monitored signals that causes the
capture of a waveform.
Each channel can be assigned one of the following trigger events:
* (Dont Care)

The analyzer channel is ignored for triggering purposes

1 (Logic High)

The channel must be at a logic high state to trigger

0 (Logic Low)

The channel must be at a logic low state to trigger

/ (Rising Edge)

The channel must transition from low to high states to trigger

\ (Rising Edge)

The channel must transition from high to low states to trigger

All trigger events on all channels must happen at once in order for the trigger to activate
data capture. For example, for Figure 7-8, the trigger was set to simply detect the first
rising edge on channel 1:
Figure 7-9 Trigger Conditions:
Ch 1 = /

(rising edge)

Ch 2 = *

(ignore)

Ch 3 = *

(ignore)

If the trigger conditions are changed as follows, where both a rising edge must be
detected on channel 1 at the same time channel 2 is at a logic high state, the trigger
will happen on the second clock instead, as shown in Figure 7-11. During first clocks
rising edge, channel 2 is logic low; so, this does not fully satisfy the trigger condition.
Figure 7-11 Trigger Conditions:
Ch 1 = /

(rising edge)

Ch 2 = 1

(logic high)

Ch 3 = *

(ignore)

FIGURE 7-11:

TRIGGER CH 1 RISING EDGE WHEN CH 2 IS HIGH

Finally, it is also possible to specify how many times the trigger condition must occur
before waveform capture is initiated, up to 256 times. For example, suppose we wanted
to capture the 16th byte of a long SPI transmission sequence. If we triggered on the
first clock edge of the first byte, we probably wouldnt be able to see the 16th byte, as
the analyzer would stop sampling before it occurred. However, we can set the analyzer
to pass up the first 15 bytes, by setting the trigger count to 15 bytes * 8 clocks + 1 = 121
times. This way, it will start counting clock edges on the first byte, but it wont trigger the
data capture until the 16th byte is transmitted.

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

To illustrate, well add a count of 4 times to our trigger conditions of Figure 7-11:
FIGURE 7-12:

ADDING A COUNT OF 4 TIMES

Now, well trigger on the 4th rising edge of channel 1 that occurs while channel 2 is logic
high. This will be the last clock of the first SPI byte, as shown in Figure 7-13.
FIGURE 7-13:

7.5.4

TRIGGER CH 1 RISING EDGE WHEN CH 2 IS HIGH OCCURS

4 TIMES

The Analyzer Acquisition Section

The Acquisition section of the analyzer window is used to set the waveform sample
rate, the position of the trigger relative to the captured waveform, and to start or run
the analyzer.
FIGURE 7-14:

DS50002158A-page 54

FIGURE 3-7:

ACQUISITION SETTINGS

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Logic Tool
7.5.4.1

SAMPLE RATE

The sample rate is how often the analyzer channels are looked at. Each waveform capture is only 1024 samples long, so if we want to look at a longer period of time in the
waveform display, we have to sample less often.
The trade-off is that at higher sample rates, we can see more detail and faster signals
but only a small window of time. At lower sample rates, we can see a longer window of
elapsed time, but at less detail and we may miss fast pulses.
Generally, the sample rate should be set at least 10 times the highest frequency or 5
times the fastest pulse width to get a decent representation of the waveform. Any waveform that has frequency higher than half the sample rate may alias. Aliasing means that
waveform edges are missed, so the waveform can appear slower than it actually is.
Of course, the sample rate can always be set slower than these limits if the intention is
simply to get a general idea of whats going on in the circuit without much detail. For
example, the sample rate could be set much slower so it could be seen how many SPI
bytes are being sent. In Figure 7-15 we can see that 8 bytes are being sent on the SPI
bus. Now that we know how many bytes are sent, we could set the sample rate higher
and adjust the trigger count to see each byte in detail to figure out the byte value.
FIGURE 7-15:

8 SPI BYTES AT SLOW SAMPLE RATE

In the PICkit 3 Logic Tool analyzer, the sample rate may be selected from those shown
in Table .
TABLE 7-1:

SUPPORTED SAMPLE RATES

Waveform Limitations

Sample Rate

Time Between
Samples

Captured Waveform
Length1
(1024 samples)

Maximum Frequency
(before aliasing)

1 MHz

1 us

1 ms

500 kHz

500 kHz

2 us

2 ms

250 kHz

250 kHz

4 us

4.1 ms

125 kHz

100 kHz

10 us

10.2 ms

50 kHz

50 kHz

20 us

20.5 ms

25 kHz

25 kHz

40 us

41 ms

12.5 kHz

10 kHz

100 us

102.4 ms

5 kHz

5 kHz

200 us

204.8 ms

2.5 kHz

Note:

2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

Waveform length is rounded to the nearest 0.1 decimal place.

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

7.5.4.2

TRIGGER POSITION

Changing the trigger position allows more flexibility over how the captured data relates
to the trigger event. For example, we might be more interested in what happened
before the trigger, rather than after. There are six selectable trigger positions.
Start of Data Trigger Position
This is the trigger position used in all the prior Figure waveforms. All the waveform data,
except for one division, is captured after the trigger occurs. This is best used when all
the waveform data of interest happens after the trigger.
FIGURE 7-16:

START OF DATA TRIGGER POSITION

Center of Data Trigger Position

This is best used when all the waveform data of interest happens around the trigger.
The trigger event is in the middle of the waveform display.
FIGURE 7-17:

CENTER OF DATA TRIGGER POSITION

End of Data Trigger Position

All the waveform data, except for just over one division, is captured prior to when the
trigger occurs. This is best used when all the waveform data of interest happens before
the trigger.
FIGURE 7-18:

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END OF DATA TRIGGER POSITION

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Logic Tool
Delay 1 Window Trigger Position
Delay 2 Windows Trigger Position
Delay 3 Windows Trigger Position
In these cases, the trigger position is considered Start of Data; but, the waveform capture is delayed 1000 samples (nearly one waveform display-width) after the trigger.
This allows a user to capture events that occur farther out than the display-width after
a trigger happens, without reducing the sample rate.
In other words, when Delay 1 Window is selected, the analyzer will wait 1000 samples
after the trigger event occurs before it begins recording waveform data. When Delay
2 Windows is selected, it will wait 2000 samples, etc.
Each waveform display is 1024 samples, so the 1000 sample delay increment gives a
small overlap between successive delay captures. Assuming that the data of interest
after the trigger is repeatable and consistent, this allows a total waveform of up to 4
times the sample-rate-window-width to be pieced together. For example, it would be
possible to collect 4 ms worth of waveform data after a trigger event at the 1 MHz
sample rate.
FIGURE 7-19:

2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

DELAY 1 WINDOW TRIGGER POSITION

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

7.5.4.3

RUNNING THE ANALYZER

Once the trigger conditions, sample rate, and trigger position are set as desired, click
the RUN button to begin collecting waveform data and looking for trigger events.
When the analyzer is running, it will show the dialog in Figure 7-20 and the Busy LED
on the PICkit 3 unit will be lit.
FIGURE 7-20:

ANALYZER RUNNING

When the trigger condition is met, the Busy LED turns off, the Waiting for Trigger
dialog closes, and the analyzer waveform display updates with newly captured data.
If the analyzer is not triggering as expected; or if, for any other reason, it is necessary
to stop the analyzer from running, press the PICkit 3 unit push button. When an
analyzer run is canceled, the waveform display is not updated.
Note:

DS50002158A-page 58

When the analyzer is running, the PICkit 3 unit is unable to service USB
requests. The application will wait until the run completes at a trigger condition or is canceled by the push button. If the PICkit 3 unit is unplugged
from USB during a run, the PICkit 3 application may hang because it is
waiting for a response from the PICkit 3 unit.

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PICkit 3 PROGRAMMER
APPLICATION USERS GUIDE
Appendix A. Hardware Specification
A.1

INTRODUCTION
The hardware and electrical specifications of the PICkit 3 programmer system are
detailed.

A.2

HIGHLIGHTS
This chapter discusses:

A.3

Declaration of Conformity
Device Support
USB Port/Power
PICkit 3 Programmer
Standard Communication Hardware
Target Board Considerations

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
We
Microchip Technology, Inc.
2355 W. Chandler Blvd.
Chandler, Arizona 85224-6199
USA
hereby declare that the product:
PICkit 3 programmer
complies with the following standards, provided that the restrictions stated in the operating manual are observed:
Standards: EN61010-1
Laboratory Equipment
Microchip Technology, Inc.
Date: January 2009
Important Information Concerning the Use of the PICkit 3 programmer
Due to the special nature of the PICkit 3 programmer, the user is advised that it can
generate higher than normal levels of electromagnetic radiation which can interfere
with the operation of all kinds of radio and other equipment.
To comply with the European Approval Regulations therefore, the following restrictions
must be observed:
1. The development system must be used only in an industrial (or comparable)
area.
2. The system must not be operated within 20 meters of any equipment which may
be affected by such emissions (radio receivers, TVs etc.).

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

A.4

DEVICE SUPPORT
Refer to the PICkit 3 Readme for a list of supported devices.
Note:

The UNI/O (llLC) Serial EEPROM devices require the following PICkit 3
hardware consideration or change to work properly:
Application pull-up resistor needs to be 9.1k ohm or less
or
Remove R50 from the PICkit 3.

Note:

The I2C (24LC) Serial EEPROM devices require the following PICkit 3
hardware changes to work properly:
Remove TR3 from the PICkit 3.
Remove R50 from the PICkit 3.

A.5

USB PORT/POWER
The PICkit 3 programmer is connected to the host PC via a mini Universal Serial Bus
(USB) port, version 2.0 compliant. The USB connector is located on the top of the pod.
The system is capable of reloading the firmware via the USB interface.
System power is derived from the USB interface. The debugger is classified as a high
power system per the USB specification, and requires slightly more than 100 mA of
power from the USB to function in all operational modes (debugger/programmer).
Note:

The PICkit 3 programmer is powered through its USB connection. The target board is powered from its own supply. Alternatively, the PICkit 3 can
power it only if the target consumes less than 30 mA.

Cable Length The PC-to-debugger cable length for proper operation is shipped in
the debugger kit.
Powered Hubs If you are going to use a USB hub, make sure it is self-powered. Also,
USB ports on PC keyboards do not have enough power for the debugger to operate.
PC Hibernate/Power-Down Modes Disable the hibernate or other power saver
modes on your PC to ensure proper USB communications with the debugger.

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Hardware Specification
A.6

PICKIT 3 PROGRAMMER
The debugger consists of a main board enclosed in the casing with a USB connector
and a single in-line connector. On the debugger enclosure are indicator lights (LEDs).

A.6.1

Main Board

This component has the interface processor with integrated USB 2.0 interface capable
an SPI, serial EE for programming into the emulation device on-board Flash and LED
indicators.

A.6.2

Indicator Lights (LEDs)

The indicator lights have the following significance.

LED

Color

Description

Power

Green

Lit when power is first applied or when target is connected.

Active

Blue

Lit when the PICkit 3 has established communication with the

PC or sending/receiving commands.

Status

Green

Lit when the debugger is operating normally standby.

Yellow

Lit when an operation is busy.

Red

Lit when the debugger has failed.

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A.7

STANDARD COMMUNICATION HARDWARE

For standard debugger communication with a target (Section 4.3 PICkit 3 to Target
Communication, and Standard ICSP Device Communication), use an adapter with
an RJ-11 connector.
To use this type of communication with a header board, you may need a device-specific
Processor Pak, which includes an 8-pin connector header board containing the desired
ICE/ICD device and a standard adapter board.
Note:

Older header boards used a 6-pin (RJ-11) connector instead of an 8-pin

connector, so these headers may be connected directly to the debugger.

For more on available header boards, see the Header Board Specification
(DS51292).

A.7.1

Standard Communication

The standard communication is the main interface to the target processor. It contains
the connections to the high voltage (VPP), VDD sense lines, and clock and data connections required for programming and connecting with the target devices.
The VPP high-voltage lines can produce a variable voltage that can swing from 1.8 to
14 volts to satisfy the voltage requirements for the specific emulation processor.
The VDD sense connection draws current from the target processor.
The clock and data connections are interfaces with the following characteristics:
Clock and data signals are in high-impedance mode (even when no power is
applied to the PICkit 3 programmer system)
Clock and data signals are protected from high voltages caused by faulty targets
systems, or improper connections
Clock and data signals are protected from high current caused from electrical
shorts in prototype or target systems
FIGURE A-1:

6-PIN STANDARD PINOUT

Pin

Standard Socket

2
1

3 5

Bottom of
Target Board

MCLR/VPP
VDD_TGT
GND
PGD (ICSPDAT)
PGC (ICSPCLK)
LVP

Function
Power
Power on target
Ground
Standard Com Data
Standard Com Clock
Low Voltage Programming

Target Device
or PIM

Target Board

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4 6

1
2
3
4
5
6

Name

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Hardware Specification
A.7.2

Modular Cable and Connector

For standard communications, a modular cable connects the debugger and the target
application. The specifications for this cable and its connectors are listed below.
A.7.2.1

MODULAR CONNECTOR SPECIFICATION

Manufacturer, Part Number AMP Incorporated, 555165-1

Distributor, Part Number Digi-Key, A9031ND
The table within Figure A-2 shows how the modular connector pins on an application
correspond to the microcontroller pins. This configuration provides full ICD
functionality.
FIGURE A-2:

MODULAR CONNECTOR PINOUT OF TARGET BOARD

1 6

Modular
Connector Pin

Microcontroller
Pin

LVP

RB6

RB7

Ground

VDD Target

VPP

Front view of Modular Connector

on Target Board

Bottom view of Modular Connector

Pinout on Target Board

AC164110
Adapter

Mini-USB
cable
to PC
PICkit 3

Device-ICE

Power
Header

Transition Socket

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Target Board

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A.7.2.2

MODULAR PLUG SPECIFICATION

Manufacturer, Part Number AMP Incorporated, 5-554710-3

Distributor, Part Number Digi-Key, A9117ND
A.7.2.3

MODULAR CABLE SPECIFICATION

Manufacturer, Part Number Microchip Technology, 07-00024

A.8

TARGET BOARD CONSIDERATIONS

The target board should be powered according to the requirements of the selected
device (1.8V-5.5V) and the application.
Depending on the type of debugger-to-target communications used, there will be some
considerations for target board circuitry:
Section 4.4.2 Target Connection Circuitry
Section 4.4.5 Circuits That Will Prevent the PICkit 3 From Functioning

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PICkit 3 PROGRAMMER
APPLICATION USERS GUIDE
Appendix B. PICkit 3 Schematics
PICkit 3 Development Programmer schematic diagrams are shown here. Demo board
schematics are found in their respective users guides.
FIGURE B-1:

PICKIT 3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM (PAGE 1 OF 2)

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PICKIT 3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM (PAGE 2 OF 2)

USE

FIGURE B-2:

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PICkit 3 PROGRAMMER
APPLICATION USERS GUIDE
Glossary
Absolute Section
A section with a fixed (absolute) address that cannot be changed by the linker.
Access Memory
PIC18 Only Special registers on PIC18 devices that allow access regardless of the
setting of the Bank Select Register (BSR).
Access Entry Points
Access entry points provide a way to transfer control across segments to a function
which may not be defined at link time. They support the separate linking of boot and
secure application segments.
Address
Value that identifies a location in memory.
Alphabetic Character
Alphabetic characters are those characters that are letters of the arabic alphabet
(a, b, , z, A, B, , Z).
Alphanumeric
Alphanumeric characters are comprised of alphabetic characters and decimal digits
(0,1, , 9).
ANDed Breakpoints
Set up an ANDed condition for breaking, i.e., breakpoint 1 AND breakpoint 2 must
occur at the same time before a program halt. This can only be accomplished if a data
breakpoint and a program memory breakpoint occur at the same time.
Anonymous Structure
C30 An unnamed structure.
C18 An unnamed structure that is a member of a C union. The members of an anonymous structure may be accessed as if they were members of the enclosing union. For
example, in the following code, hi and lo are members of an anonymous structure
inside the union caster.
union castaway
int intval;
struct {
char lo; //accessible as caster.lo
char hi; //accessible as caster.hi
};
} caster;

ANSI
American National Standards Institute is an organization responsible for formulating
and approving standards in the United States.
Application
A set of software and hardware that may be controlled by a PIC microcontroller.

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Archive
A collection of relocatable object modules. It is created by assembling multiple source
files to object files, and then using the archiver to combine the object files into one
library file. A library can be linked with object modules and other libraries to create
executable code.
Archiver
A tool that creates and manipulates libraries.
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange is a character set encoding that
uses 7 binary digits to represent each character. It includes upper and lower case
letters, digits, symbols and control characters.
Assembler
A language tool that translates assembly language source code into machine code.
Assembly Language
A programming language that describes binary machine code in a symbolic form.
Assigned Section
A section which has been assigned to a target memory block in the linker command file.
Asynchronously
Multiple events that do not occur at the same time. This is generally used to refer to
interrupts that may occur at any time during processor execution.
Asynchronous Stimulus
Data generated to simulate external inputs to a simulator device.
Attribute
Characteristics of variables or functions in a C program which are used to describe
machine-specific properties.
Attribute, Section
Characteristics of sections, such as executable, readonly, or data that can be
specified as flags in the assembler .section directive.
Binary
The base two numbering system that uses the digits 0-1. The rightmost digit counts
ones, the next counts multiples of 2, then 22 = 4, etc.
Bookmarks
Use bookmarks to easily locate specific lines in a file.
Under the Edit menu, select Bookmarks to manage bookmarks. Toggle (enable /
disable) a bookmark, move to the next or previous bookmark, or clear all bookmarks.
Breakpoint
Hardware Breakpoint: An event whose execution will cause a halt.
Software Breakpoint: An address where execution of the firmware will halt. Usually
achieved by a special break instruction.
Build
Compile and link all the source files for an application.
C
A general-purpose programming language which features economy of expression,
modern control flow and data structures, and a rich set of operators.

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Glossary
Calibration Memory
A special function register or registers used to hold values for calibration of a PIC microcontroller on-board RC oscillator or other device peripherals.
Central Processing Unit
The part of a device that is responsible for fetching the correct instruction for execution,
decoding that instruction, and then executing that instruction. When necessary, it works
in conjunction with the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) to complete the execution of the
instruction. It controls the program memory address bus, the data memory address
bus, and accesses to the stack.
Clean
Under the MPLAB IDE Project menu, Clean removes all intermediary project files, such
as object, hex and debug files, for the active project. These files are recreated from
other files when a project is built.
COFF
Common Object File Format. An object file of this format contains machine code,
debugging and other information.
Command Line Interface
A means of communication between a program and its user based solely on textual
input and output.
Compiler
A program that translates a source file written in a high-level language into machine
code.
Conditional Assembly
Assembly language code that is included or omitted based on the assembly-time value
of a specified expression.
Conditional Compilation
The act of compiling a program fragment only if a certain constant expression, specified
by a preprocessor directive, is true.
Configuration Bits
Special-purpose bits programmed to set PIC microcontroller modes of operation. A
Configuration bit may or may not be preprogrammed.
Control Directives
Directives in assembly language code that cause code to be included or omitted based
on the assembly-time value of a specified expression.
CPU
See Central Processing Unit.
Cross Reference File
A file that references a table of symbols and a list of files that references the symbol. If
the symbol is defined, the first file listed is the location of the definition. The remaining
files contain references to the symbol.
Data Directives
Data directives are those that control the assemblers allocation of program or data
memory and provide a way to refer to data items symbolically; that is, by meaningful
names.

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Data Memory
On Microchip MCU and DSC devices, data memory (RAM) is comprised of General
Purpose Registers (GPRs) and Special Function Registers (SFRs). Some devices also
have EEPROM data memory.
Debugger
Hardware that performs debugging.
Debugger System
The debugger systems include the pod, processor module, device adapter, target
board, cables, and MPLAB IDE software.
Debugging Information
Compiler and assembler options that, when selected, provide varying degrees of information used to debug application code. See compiler or assembler documentation for
details on selecting debug options.
Deprecated Features
Features that are still supported for legacy reasons, but will eventually be phased out
and no longer used.
Device Programmer
A tool used to program electrically programmable semiconductor devices such as
microcontrollers.
Digital Signal Controller
A microcontroller device with digital signal processing capability, i.e., Microchip dsPIC
DSC devices.
Digital Signal Processing
The computer manipulation of digital signals, commonly analog signals (sound or
image) which have been converted to digital form (sampled).
Digital Signal Processor
A microprocessor that is designed for use in digital signal processing.
Directives
Statements in source code that provide control of the language tools operation.
Download
Download is the process of sending data from a host to another device, such as an
emulator, programmer or target board.
DSC
See Digital Signal Controller.
DSP
See Digital Signal Processor.
dsPIC DSCs
dsPIC Digital Signal Controllers (DSCs) refers to all Microchip DSC families.
DWARF
Debug With Arbitrary Record Format. DWARF is a debug information format for ELF
files.
EEPROM
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. A special type of PROM that
can be erased electrically. Data is written or erased one byte at a time. EEPROM
retains its contents even when power is turned off.

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Glossary
ELF
Executable and Linking Format. An object file of this format contains machine code.
Debugging and other information is specified in with DWARF. ELF/DWARF provide
better debugging of optimized code than COFF.
Emulation
The process of executing software loaded into emulation memory as if it were firmware
residing on a microcontroller device.
Emulation Memory
Program memory contained within the emulator.
Emulator
Hardware that performs emulation.
Emulator System
The MPLAB ICE 2000 and MPLAB ICE 4000 emulator systems include the pod, processor module, device adapter, target board, cables, and MPLAB IDE software. The
MPLAB REAL ICE system consists of a pod, a driver (and potentially a receiver) card,
target board, cables, and MPLAB IDE software.
Endianness
The ordering of bytes in a multi-byte object.
Environment
IDE The particular layout of the desktop for application development.
MPLAB PM3 A folder containing files on how to program a device. This folder can be
transferred to a SD/MMC card.
Epilogue
A portion of compiler-generated code that is responsible for deallocating stack space,
restoring registers and performing any other machine-specific requirement specified in
the runtime model. This code executes after any user code for a given function,
immediately prior to the function return.
EPROM
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. A programmable read-only memory that
can be erased usually by exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Error File
A file containing error messages and diagnostics generated by a language tool.
Errors
Errors report problems that make it impossible to continue processing your program.
When possible, errors identify the source file name and line number where the problem
is apparent.
Event
A description of a bus cycle which may include address, data, pass count, external
input, cycle type (fetch, R/W), and time stamp. Events are used to describe triggers,
breakpoints and interrupts.
Executable Code
Software that is ready to be loaded for execution.
Export
Send data out of the MPLAB IDE in a standardized format.

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Expressions
Combinations of constants and/or symbols separated by arithmetic or logical
operators.
Extended Microcontroller Mode
In extended microcontroller mode, on-chip program memory as well as external memory is available. Execution automatically switches to external if the program memory
address is greater than the internal memory space of the PIC18 device.
Extended Mode
In Extended mode, the compiler will utilize the extended instructions (i.e., ADDFSR,
ADDULNK, CALLW, MOVSF, MOVSS, PUSHL, SUBFSR and SUBULNK) and the indexed
with literal offset addressing.
External Label
A label that has external linkage.
External Linkage
A function or variable has external linkage if it can be referenced from outside the
module in which it is defined.
External Symbol
A symbol for an identifier which has external linkage. This may be a reference or a
definition.
External Symbol Resolution
A process performed by the linker in which external symbol definitions from all input
modules are collected in an attempt to resolve all external symbol references. Any
external symbol references which do not have a corresponding definition cause a linker
error to be reported.
External Input Line
An external input signal logic probe line (TRIGIN) for setting an event based upon
external signals.
External RAM
Off-chip Read/Write memory.
Fatal Error
An error that will halt compilation immediately. No further messages will be produced.
File Registers
On-chip data memory, including General Purpose Registers (GPRs) and Special
Function Registers (SFRs).
Filter
Determine by selection what data is included/excluded in a trace display or data file.
Flash
A type of EEPROM where data is written or erased in blocks instead of bytes.
FNOP
Forced No Operation. A forced NOP cycle is the second cycle of a two-cycle instruction. Since the PIC microcontroller architecture is pipelined, it prefetches the next
instruction in the physical address space while it is executing the current instruction.
However, if the current instruction changes the program counter, this prefetched
instruction is explicitly ignored, causing a forced NOP cycle.

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Glossary
Frame Pointer
A pointer that references the location on the stack that separates the stack-based
arguments from the stack-based local variables. Provides a convenient base from
which to access local variables and other values for the current function.
Free-Standing
An implementation that accepts any strictly conforming program that does not use
complex types and in which the use of the features specified in the library clause (ANSI
89 standard clause 7) is confined to the contents of the standard headers <float.h>,
<iso646.h>, <limits.h>, <stdarg.h>, <stdbool.h>, <stddef.h> and
<stdint.h>.
GPR
General Purpose Register. The portion of device data memory (RAM) available for
general use.
Halt
A stop of program execution. Executing Halt is the same as stopping at a breakpoint.
Heap
An area of memory used for dynamic memory allocation where blocks of memory are
allocated and freed in an arbitrary order determined at runtime.
Hex Code
Executable instructions stored in a hexadecimal format code. Hex code is contained in
a hex file.
Hex File
An ASCII file containing hexadecimal addresses and values (hex code) suitable for
programming a device.
Hexadecimal
The base 16 numbering system that uses the digits 0-9 plus the letters A-F (or a-f). The
digits A-F represent hexadecimal digits with values of (decimal) 10 to 15. The rightmost
digit counts ones, the next counts multiples of 16, then 162 = 256, etc.
High Level Language
A language for writing programs that is further removed from the processor than
assembly.
ICD
In-Circuit Debugger. MPLAB ICD and PICkit (with Debug Express), are Microchips
in-circuit debuggers.
ICE
In-Circuit Emulator. MPLAB ICE 2000 and MPLAB ICE 4000 system are Microchips
classic in-circuit emulators. MPLAB REAL ICE system is Microchips next-generation
in-circuit emulator.
ICSP
In-Circuit Serial Programming. A method of programming Microchip embedded
devices using serial communication and a minimum number of device pins.
IDE
Integrated Development Environment. MPLAB IDE is Microchips integrated
development environment.
Identifier
A function or variable name.

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IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
Import
Bring data into the MPLAB IDE from an outside source, such as from a hex file.
Initialized Data
Data which is defined with an initial value. In C,
int myVar=5;
defines a variable which will reside in an initialized data section.
Instruction Set
The collection of machine language instructions that a particular processor
understands.
Instructions
A sequence of bits that tells a central processing unit to perform a particular operation
and can contain data to be used in the operation.
Internal Linkage
A function or variable has internal linkage if it can not be accessed from outside the
module in which it is defined.
International Organization for Standardization
An organization that sets standards in many businesses and technologies, including
computing and communications.
Interrupt
A signal to the CPU that suspends the execution of a running application and transfers
control to an Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) so that the event may be processed. Upon
completion of the ISR, normal execution of the application resumes.
Interrupt Handler
A routine that processes special code when an interrupt occurs.
Interrupt Request
An event which causes the processor to temporarily suspend normal instruction execution and to start executing an interrupt handler routine. Some processors have
several interrupt request events allowing different priority interrupts.
Interrupt Service Routine
ALU30, C18, C30 A function that handles an interrupt.
IDE User-generated code that is entered when an interrupt occurs. The location of
the code in program memory will usually depend on the type of interrupt that has
occurred.
Interrupt Vector
Address of an interrupt service routine or interrupt handler.
IRQ
See Interrupt Request.
ISO
See International Organization for Standardization.
ISR
See Interrupt Service Routine.

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Glossary
L-value
An expression that refers to an object that can be examined and/or modified. An l-value
expression is used on the left-hand side of an assignment.
Latency
The time between an event and its response.
Librarian
See Archiver.
Library
See Archive.
Linker
A language tool that combines object files and libraries to create executable code,
resolving references from one module to another.
Linker Script Files
Linker script files are the command files of a linker. They define linker options and
describe available memory on the target platform.
Listing Directives
Listing directives are those directives that control the assembler listing file format. They
allow the specification of titles, pagination and other listing control.
Listing File
A listing file is an ASCII text file that shows the machine code generated for each C
source statement, assembly instruction, assembler directive, or macro encountered in
a source file.
Little Endian
A data ordering scheme for multibyte data whereby the least significant byte is stored
at the lower addresses.
Local Label
A local label is one that is defined inside a macro with the LOCAL directive. These
labels are particular to a given instance of a macros instantiation. In other words, the
symbols and labels that are declared as local are no longer accessible after the ENDM
macro is encountered.
Logic Probes
Up to 14 logic probes can be connected to some Microchip emulators. The logic probes
provide external trace inputs, trigger output signal, +5V, and a common ground.
Loop-Back Test Board
Used to test the functionality of the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit emulator.
LVDS
Low Voltage Differential Signaling. A low noise, low-power, low amplitude method for
high-speed (gigabits per second) data transmission over copper wire.
LVDS differs from normal input/output (I/O) in a few ways:
Normal digital I/O works with 5 volts as a high (binary 1) and 0 volts as a low (binary
0). When you use a differential, you add a third option (-5 volts), which provides an
extra level with which to encode, and results in a higher maximum data transfer rate.
A higher data transfer rate means fewer wires are required, as in UW (Ultra Wide) and
UW-2/3 SCSI hard disks, which use only 68 wires. These devices require a high transfer rate over short distances. Using standard I/O transfer, SCSI hard drives would
require a lot more than 68 wires.

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Low voltage means that the standard 5 volts is replaced by either 3.3 volts or 1.5 volts.
LVDS uses a dual wire system, running 180 degrees of each other. This enables noise
to travel at the same level, which in turn can get filtered more easily and effectively.
With standard I/0 signaling, data storage is contingent upon the actual voltage level.
Voltage level can be affected by wire length (longer wires increase resistance, which
lowers voltage). But with LVDS, data storage is distinguished only by positive and negative voltage values, not the voltage level. Therefore, data can travel over greater
lengths of wire while maintaining a clear and consistent data stream.
Source: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/L/LVDS.html.
Machine Code
The representation of a computer program that is actually read and interpreted by the
processor. A program in binary machine code consists of a sequence of machine
instructions (possibly interspersed with data). The collection of all possible instructions
for a particular processor is known as its instruction set.
Machine Language
A set of instructions for a specific central processing unit, designed to be usable by a
processor without being translated.
Macro
Macro instruction. An instruction that represents a sequence of instructions in abbreviated form.
Macro Directives
Directives that control the execution and data allocation within macro body definitions.
Makefile
Export to a file the instructions to Make the project. Use this file to Make your project
outside of MPLAB IDE, i.e., with a make.
Under Project>Build Options>Project, Directories tab, you must have selected
Assemble/Compile/Link in the project directory under Build Directory Policy for this
feature to work.
Make Project
A command that rebuilds an application, recompiling only those source files that have
changed since the last complete compilation.
MCU
Microcontroller Unit. An abbreviation for microcontroller. Also uC.
Memory Model
C30 A representation of the memory available to the application.
C18 A description that specifies the size of pointers that point to program memory.
Message
Text displayed to alert you to potential problems in language tool operation. A message
will not stop operation.
Microcontroller
A highly integrated chip that contains a CPU, RAM, program memory, I/O ports and
timers.
Microcontroller Mode
One of the possible program memory configurations of PIC18 microcontrollers. In
microcontroller mode, only internal execution is allowed. Thus, only the on-chip program memory is available in microcontroller mode.

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Glossary
Microprocessor Mode
One of the possible program memory configurations of PIC18 microcontrollers. In
microprocessor mode, the on-chip program memory is not used. The entire program
memory is mapped externally.
Mnemonics
Text instructions that can be translated directly into machine code. Also referred to as
opcodes.
MPASM Assembler
Microchip Technologys relocatable macro assembler for PIC microcontroller devices,
KEELOQ devices and Microchip memory devices.
MPLAB Language Tool for Device
Microchips C compilers, assemblers and linkers for specified devices. Select the type
of language tool based on the device you will be using for your application, e.g., if you
will be creating C code on a PIC18 MCU, select the MPLAB C Compiler for PIC18
MCUs.
MPLAB ICD
Microchips in-circuit debuggers that works with MPLAB IDE. The ICDs supports Flash
devices with built-in debug circuitry. The main component of each ICD is the pod. A
complete system consists of a pod, header board (with a device-ICD), target board,
cables, and MPLAB IDE software.
MPLAB ICE 2000/4000
Not recommended for new designs. See the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit
emulator.
Microchips classic in-circuit emulators that work with MPLAB IDE. MPLAB ICE 2000
supports 8-bit PIC MCUs. MPLAB ICE 4000 supports PIC18F and PIC24 MCUs and
dsPIC DSCs. The main component of each ICE is the pod. A complete system consists
of a pod, processor module, cables, and MPLAB IDE software.
MPLAB IDE
Microchips Integrated Development Environment. MPLAB IDE comes with an editor,
project manager and simulator.
MPLAB PM3
A device programmer from Microchip. Programs PIC18 microcontrollers and dsPIC
digital signal controllers. Can be used with MPLAB IDE or stand-alone. Replaces
PRO MATE II.
MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator
Microchips next-generation in-circuit emulators that works with MPLAB IDE. The
MPLAB REAL ICE emulator supports PIC MCUs and dsPIC DSCs. The main component of each ICE is the pod. A complete system consists of a pod, a driver (and potentially a receiver) card, cables, and MPLAB IDE software.
MPLAB SIM
Microchips simulator that works with MPLAB IDE in support of PIC MCU and dsPIC
DSC devices.
MPLIB Object Librarian
Microchips librarian that can work with MPLAB IDE. MPLIB librarian is an object librarian for use with COFF object modules created using either MPASM assembler (mpasm
or mpasmwin v2.0) or MPLAB C18 C compiler.

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MPLINK Object Linker
MPLINK linker is an object linker for the Microchip MPASM assembler and the Microchip C18 C compiler. MPLINK linker also may be used with the Microchip MPLIB librarian. MPLINK linker is designed to be used with MPLAB IDE, though it does not have to
be.
MRU
Most Recently Used. Refers to files and windows available to be selected from MPLAB
IDE main pull down menus.
Native Data Size
For Native trace, the size of the variable used in a Watch window must be of the same
size as the selected devices data memory: bytes for PIC18 devices and words for
16-bit devices.
Nesting Depth
The maximum level to which macros can include other macros.
Node
MPLAB IDE project component.
Non-Extended Mode
In Non-Extended mode, the compiler will not utilize the extended instructions nor the
indexed with literal offset addressing.
Non Real Time
Refers to the processor at a breakpoint or executing single-step instructions or MPLAB
IDE being run in simulator mode.
Non-Volatile Storage
A storage device whose contents are preserved when its power is off.
NOP
No Operation. An instruction that has no effect when executed except to advance the
program counter.
Object Code
The machine code generated by an assembler or compiler.
Object File
A file containing machine code and possibly debug information. It may be immediately
executable or it may be relocatable, requiring linking with other object files, e.g.,
libraries, to produce a complete executable program.
Object File Directives
Directives that are used only when creating an object file.
Octal
The base 8 number system that only uses the digits 0-7. The rightmost digit counts
ones, the next digit counts multiples of 8, then 82 = 64, etc.
Off-Chip Memory
Off-chip memory refers to the memory selection option for the PIC18 device where
memory may reside on the target board, or where all program memory may be supplied
by the emulator. The Memory tab accessed from Options>Development Mode provides the Off-Chip Memory selection dialog box.

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Glossary
One-to-One Project-Workspace Model
The most common configuration for application development in MPLAB IDE to is have
one project in one workspace. Select Configure>Settings, Projects tab and check Use
one-to-one project-workspace model.
Opcodes
Operational Codes. See Mnemonics.
Operators
Symbols, like the plus sign + and the minus sign -, that are used when forming
well-defined expressions. Each operator has an assigned precedence that is used to
determine order of evaluation.
OTP
One Time Programmable. EPROM devices that are not in windowed packages. Since
EPROM needs ultraviolet light to erase its memory, only windowed devices are erasable.
Pass Counter
A counter that decrements each time an event (such as the execution of an instruction
at a particular address) occurs. When the pass count value reaches zero, the event is
satisfied. You can assign the Pass Counter to break and trace logic, and to any
sequential event in the complex trigger dialog.
PC
Personal Computer or Program Counter.
PC Host
Any PC running a supported Windows operating system.
Persistent Data
Data that is never cleared or initialized. Its intended use is so that an application can
preserve data across a device Reset.
Phantom Byte
An unimplemented byte in the dsPIC architecture that is used when treating the 24-bit
instruction word as if it were a 32-bit instruction word. Phantom bytes appear in dsPIC
hex files.
PIC MCUs
PIC microcontrollers (MCUs) refers to all Microchip microcontroller families.
PICkit 1, 2, and 3
Microchips developmental device programmers with debug capability through Debug
Express. See the Readme files for each tool to see which devices are supported.
PICSTART Plus
A developmental device programmer from Microchip. Programs 8-, 14-, 28-, and 40-pin
PIC microcontrollers. Must be used with MPLAB IDE software.
Plug-ins
The MPLAB IDE has both built-in components and plug-in modules to configure the
system for a variety of software and hardware tools. Several plug-in tools may be found
under the Tools menu.

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Pod
MPLAB REAL ICE system: The box that contains the emulation control circuitry for the
ICE device on the header or target board. An ICE device can be a production device
with built-in ICE circuitry or a special ICE version of a production device (i.e.,
device-ICE).
MPLAB ICD: The box that contains the debug control circuitry for the ICD device on the
header or target board. An ICD device can be a production device with built-in ICD circuitry or a special ICD version of a production device (i.e., device-ICD).
MPLAB ICE 2000/4000: The external emulator box that contains emulation memory,
trace memory, event and cycle timers, and trace/breakpoint logic.
Power-on-Reset Emulation
A software randomization process that writes random values in data RAM areas to
simulate uninitialized values in RAM upon initial power application.
Pragma
A directive that has meaning to a specific compiler. Often a pragma is used to convey
implementation-defined information to the compiler. MPLAB C30 uses attributes to
convey this information.
Precedence
Rules that define the order of evaluation in expressions.
PRO MATE II
No longer in Production. See the MPLAB PM3 device programmer.
A device programmer from Microchip. Programs most PIC microcontrollers as well as
most memory and KEELOQ devices. Can be used with MPLAB IDE or stand-alone.
Production Programmer
A production programmer is a programming tool that has resources designed in to program devices rapidly. It has the capability to program at various voltage levels and completely adheres to the programming specification. Programming a device as fast as
possible is of prime importance in a production environment where time is of the
essence as the application circuit moves through the assembly line.
Microchip production programmers, such as MPLAB PM3, MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit
emulator, and MPLAB ICD 3, have been designed with robustness in mind to tolerate
these demanding environments.
Some top-end tools have additional accessories. The MPLAB REAL ICE Performance
Pak has accelerators to speed up the communication and In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) process. The MPLAB PM3 programmer has interchangeable socket modules to support various devices out-of-circuit.
Profile
For MPLAB SIM simulator, a summary listing of executed stimulus by register.
Program Counter
The location that contains the address of the instruction that is currently executing.
Program Counter Unit
ALU30 A conceptual representation of the layout of program memory. The program
counter increments by 2 for each instruction word. In an executable section, 2 program
counter units are equivalent to 3 bytes. In a read-only section, 2 program counter units
are equivalent to 2 bytes.

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Glossary
Program Memory
IDE The memory area in a device where instructions are stored. Also, the memory in
the emulator or simulator containing the downloaded target application firmware.
ALU30, C30 The memory area in a device where instructions are stored.
Project
A project contains the files needed to build an application (source code, linker script
files, etc.) along with their associations to various build tools and build options.
Prologue
A portion of compiler-generated code that is responsible for allocating stack space, preserving registers and performing any other machine-specific requirement specified in
the runtime model. This code executes before any user code for a given function.
Prototype System
A term referring to a user's target application, or target board.
PWM Signals
Pulse Width Modulation Signals. Certain PIC MCU devices have a PWM peripheral.
Qualifier
An address or an address range used by the Pass Counter or as an event before
another operation in a complex trigger.
Radix
The number base, hex, or decimal, used in specifying an address.
RAM
Random Access Memory (Data Memory). Memory in which information can be
accessed in any order.
Raw Data
The binary representation of code or data associated with a section.
Read Only Memory
Memory hardware that allows fast access to permanently stored data but prevents
addition to or modification of the data.
Real Time
When an in-circuit emulator or debugger is released from the halt state, the processor
runs in Real Time mode and behaves exactly as the normal chip would behave. In Real
Time mode, the real time trace buffer of an emulator is enabled and constantly captures
all selected cycles, and all break logic is enabled. In an in-circuit emulator or debugger,
the processor executes in real time until a valid breakpoint causes a halt, or until the
user halts the execution.
In the simulator, real time simply means execution of the microcontroller instructions as
fast as they can be simulated by the host CPU.
Real-Time Watch
A Watch window where the variables change in real-time as the application is run. See
individual tool documentation to determine how to set up a real-time watch. Not all tools
support real-time watches.
Recursive Calls
A function that calls itself, either directly or indirectly.

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Recursion
The concept that a function or macro, having been defined, can call itself. Great care
should be taken when writing recursive macros; it is easy to get caught in an infinite
loop where there will be no exit from the recursion.
Reentrant
A function that may have multiple, simultaneously active instances. This may happen
due to either direct or indirect recursion or through execution during interrupt
processing.
Relaxation
The process of converting an instruction to an identical, but smaller instruction. This is
useful for saving on code size. MPLAB ASM30 currently knows how to RELAX a CALL
instruction into an RCALL instruction. This is done when the symbol that is being called
is within +/- 32k instruction words from the current instruction.
Relocatable
An object whose address has not been assigned to a fixed location in memory.
Relocatable Section
ALU30 A section whose address is not fixed (absolute). The linker assigns addresses
to relocatable sections through a process called relocation.
Relocation
A process performed by the linker in which absolute addresses are assigned to relocatable sections and all symbols in the relocatable sections are updated to their new
addresses.
ROM
Read Only Memory (Program Memory). Memory that cannot be modified.
Run
The command that releases the emulator from halt, allowing it to run the application
code and change or respond to I/O in real time.
Run-time Model
Describes the use of target architecture resources.
Scenario
For MPLAB SIM simulator, a particular setup for stimulus control.
Section
A portion of an application located at a specific address of memory.
Section Attribute
A characteristic ascribed to a section (e.g., an access section).
Sequenced Breakpoints
Breakpoints that occur in a sequence. Sequence execution of breakpoints is
bottom-up; the last breakpoint in the sequence occurs first.
Serialized Quick Turn Programming
Serialization allows you to program a serial number into each microcontroller device
that the Device Programmer programs. This number can be used as an entry code,
password or ID number.
SFR
See Special Function Registers.

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Glossary
Shell
The MPASM assembler shell is a prompted input interface to the macro assembler.
There are two MPASM assembler shells: one for the DOS version and one for the
Windows version.
Simulator
A software program that models the operation of devices.
Single Step
This command steps though code, one instruction at a time. After each instruction,
MPLAB IDE updates register windows, watch variables, and status displays so you can
analyze and debug instruction execution. You can also single step C compiler source
code, but instead of executing single instructions, MPLAB IDE will execute all assembly
level instructions generated by the line of the high level C statement.
Skew
The information associated with the execution of an instruction appears on the processor bus at different times. For example, the executed opcodes appears on the bus as
a fetch during the execution of the previous instruction, the source data address and
value and the destination data address appear when the opcodes is actually executed,
and the destination data value appears when the next instruction is executed. The trace
buffer captures the information that is on the bus at one instance. Therefore, one trace
buffer entry will contain execution information for three instructions. The number of captured cycles from one piece of information to another for a single instruction execution
is referred to as the skew.
Skid
When a hardware breakpoint is used to halt the processor, one or more additional
instructions may be executed before the processor halts. The number of extra
instructions executed after the intended breakpoint is referred to as the skid.
Source Code
The form in which a computer program is written by the programmer. Source code is
written in a formal programming language which can be translated into machine code
or executed by an interpreter.
Source File
An ASCII text file containing source code.
Special Function Registers
The portion of data memory (RAM) dedicated to registers that control I/O processor
functions, I/O status, timers or other modes or peripherals.
SQTP
See Serialized Quick Turn Programming.
Stack, Hardware
Locations in PIC microcontroller where the return address is stored when a function call
is made.
Stack, Software
Memory used by an application for storing return addresses, function parameters, and
local variables. This memory is typically managed by the compiler when developing
code in a high-level language.
MPLAB Starter Kit for Device
Microchips starter kits contains everything needed to begin exploring the specified
device. View a working application and then debug and program you own changes.

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Static RAM or SRAM
Static Random Access Memory. Program memory you can read/write on the target
board that does not need refreshing frequently.
Status Bar
The Status Bar is located on the bottom of the MPLAB IDE window and indicates such
current information as cursor position, development mode and device, and active tool
bar.
Step Into
This command is the same as Single Step. Step Into (as opposed to Step Over) follows
a CALL instruction into a subroutine.
Step Over
Step Over allows you to debug code without stepping into subroutines. When stepping
over a CALL instruction, the next breakpoint will be set at the instruction after the CALL.
If for some reason the subroutine gets into an endless loop or does not return properly,
the next breakpoint will never be reached. The Step Over command is the same as
Single Step except for its handling of CALL instructions.
Step Out
Step Out allows you to step out of a subroutine which you are currently stepping
through. This command executes the rest of the code in the subroutine and then stops
execution at the return address to the subroutine.
Stimulus
Input to the simulator, i.e., data generated to exercise the response of simulation to
external signals. Often the data is put into the form of a list of actions in a text file.
Stimulus may be asynchronous, synchronous (pin), clocked and register.
Stopwatch
A counter for measuring execution cycles.
Storage Class
Determines the lifetime of the memory associated with the identified object.
Storage Qualifier
Indicates special properties of the objects being declared (e.g., const).
Symbol
A symbol is a general purpose mechanism for describing the various pieces which
comprise a program. These pieces include function names, variable names, section
names, file names, struct/enum/union tag names, etc. Symbols in MPLAB IDE refer
mainly to variable names, function names and assembly labels. The value of a symbol
after linking is its value in memory.
Symbol, Absolute
Represents an immediate value such as a definition through the assembly .equ
directive.
System Window Control
The system window control is located in the upper left corner of windows and some dialogs. Clicking on this control usually pops up a menu that has the items Minimize,
Maximize, and Close.
Target
Refers to user hardware.

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Glossary
Target Application
Software residing on the target board.
Target Board
The circuitry and programmable device that makes up the target application.
Target Processor
The microcontroller device on the target application board.
Template
Lines of text that you build for inserting into your files at a later time. The MPLAB Editor
stores templates in template files.
Tool Bar
A row or column of icons that you can click on to execute MPLAB IDE functions.
Trace
An emulator or simulator function that logs program execution. The emulator logs program execution into its trace buffer which is uploaded to MPLAB IDEs trace window.
Trace Memory
Trace memory contained within the emulator. Trace memory is sometimes called the
trace buffer.
Trace Macro
A macro that will provide trace information from emulator data. Since this is a software
trace, the macro must be added to code, the code must be recompiled or reassembled,
and the target device must be programmed with this code before trace will work.
Trigger Output
Trigger output refers to an emulator output signal that can be generated at any address
or address range, and is independent of the trace and breakpoint settings. Any number
of trigger output points can be set.
Trigraphs
Three-character sequences, all starting with ??, that are defined by ISO C as
replacements for single characters.
Unassigned Section
A section which has not been assigned to a specific target memory block in the linker
command file. The linker must find a target memory block in which to allocate an
unassigned section.
Uninitialized Data
Data which is defined without an initial value. In C,
int myVar;
defines a variable which will reside in an uninitialized data section.
Upload
The Upload function transfers data from a tool, such as an emulator or programmer, to
the host PC or from the target board to the emulator.
USB
Universal Serial Bus. An external peripheral interface standard for communication
between a computer and external peripherals over a cable using bi-serial transmission.
USB 1.0/1.1 supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps. Also referred to as high-speed
USB, USB 2.0 supports data rates up to 480 Mbps.

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

Vector
The memory locations that an application will jump to when either a Reset or interrupt
occurs.
Warning
IDE An alert that is provided to warn you of a situation that would cause physical damage to a device, software file, or equipment.
ALU30, C30 Warnings report conditions that may indicate a problem, but do not halt
processing. In MPLAB C30, warning messages report the source file name and line
number, but include the text warning: to distinguish them from error messages.
Watch Variable
A variable that you may monitor during a debugging session in a Watch window.
Watch Window
Watch windows contain a list of watch variables that are updated at each breakpoint.
Watchdog Timer
A timer on a PIC microcontroller that resets the processor after a selectable length of
time. The WDT is enabled or disabled and set up using Configuration bits.
WDT
See Watchdog Timer.
Workbook
For MPLAB SIM stimulator, a setup for generation of SCL stimulus.
WorkSpace
A workspace contains MPLAB IDE information on the selected device, selected debug
tool and/or programmer, open windows and their location, and other IDE configuration
settings.

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PICkit 3 PROGRAMMER
APPLICATION USERS GUIDE
Index
A

Install Hardware ....................................................... 13

Install Software......................................................... 14

Auto Import Hex + Write Device............................... 22

Auto-Detect .............................................................. 31

LEDs .................................................................. 11, 60

Blank Check ........................................................22, 30

Microsoft Windows ................................................... 35

Cable Length............................................................ 28
Cables
Length ..........................................................60, 64
Calibrate VDD & Set Unit ID .................................... 31
Check Communication ............................................. 31
Code Protect .......................................................21, 31
Connector, 6-Pin ...................................................... 11

D
Data EEPROM Memory ........................................... 34
Device Selection .................................................15, 32
Documentation
Conventions ........................................................ 6
Layout ................................................................. 5
Download PICkit 3 Programmer Operating System. 31
Driver Board
Standard ........................................................... 62
Durability, Card Guide.............................................. 60

Operating System .................................................... 31

Operating System, Update....................................... 41
OSCCAL .................................................................. 31

P
PC, Power Down...................................................... 60
PGC/PGD................................................................. 26
PICkit 3 Defined ......................................................... 9
Power-Down mode................................................... 60
Program Memory ..................................................... 34
Programmer Application........................................... 29

R
Read......................................................................... 21
Read Device............................................................. 30
Read Device + Export Hex File ................................ 22
Reading, Recommended ........................................... 7
Readme...................................................................... 7

Enable Code Protect ................................................ 31

Erase...................................................................22, 30
Export Hex ............................................................... 30

Fast Programming ................................................... 31

Firmware .................................................................. 31
Firmware, Update .................................................... 41
Force PICkit 2 .......................................................... 31
Force Target ............................................................ 31

Target Power............................................................ 17
Target Vdd Source ................................................... 31
Troubleshooting ....................................................... 35

Standard Communication
Driver Board...................................................... 62

Hex File, Import........................................................ 19

Hibernate mode ....................................................... 60
Hold Device in Reset ............................................... 30
Hubs, USB ............................................................... 60

Update Firmware...................................................... 41
Update Operating System ........................................ 41
USB.................................................................... 60, 85
Hubs.................................................................. 60
USB Port .................................................................. 10
Use VPP First Program Entry .................................. 31

ICSP....................................................................25, 62
ICSPCLK.................................................................. 62
ICSPCLK/ICSPDAT ................................................. 26
ICSPDAT ................................................................. 62
Import Hex ............................................................... 30
Import Hex File......................................................... 19
Indicator Lights......................................................... 60

Vdd.......................................................... 18, 27, 33, 35

Verify .................................................................. 20, 30
Verify on Write.......................................................... 30
Vpp..................................................................... 26, 35
Vss ........................................................................... 28

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PICkit 3 Programmer Application Users Guide

W
Watchdog Timer ....................................................... 86
Write ......................................................................... 19
Write Device ............................................................. 30
Write on PICkit Button .............................................. 30

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Index
NOTES:

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DS50002158A-page 89

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