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2013-02-06 142444 Linear Algebra

1) The function t is a linear transformation from R3 to R3 defined by t(x,y,z) = (y-z, x+z, x+y). 2) The kernel of t is the line through the origin in the direction of (-1,1,1), so t is not injective. 3) The image of t is the plane through the points (0,1,1) and (1,0,1), so t is not surjective.

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103 views5 pages

2013-02-06 142444 Linear Algebra

1) The function t is a linear transformation from R3 to R3 defined by t(x,y,z) = (y-z, x+z, x+y). 2) The kernel of t is the line through the origin in the direction of (-1,1,1), so t is not injective. 3) The image of t is the plane through the points (0,1,1) and (1,0,1), so t is not surjective.

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Sajal Maheshwari
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The function t : R3 R3 is given by the rule

(x, y, z) 0 (y z, x + z, x + y).
(a) Use Strategy 1.1 in Unit LA4 to show that t is a linear transformation.
(b) Write down the matrix of t with respect to the standard basis for R3.
(c) Determine the matrix of t with respect to the basis
{(1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1)} for the domain and the standard basis for
the codomain.
(d) Find the kernel of t, describe it geometrically and state its dimension.
(e) Find a basis for the image of t, state the dimension of the image and
describe the image geometrically.
(f) Let s be the linear transformation
s : P3 R3
a + bx + cx2 0 (a + c, b, a + b + c).
Find the matrix of s and the matrix of t s with respect to the
standard basis for the domain P3 and the standard basis for the
codomain R3.

Answers:
a)

t(x,y,z) = (y-z,x+z,x+y)
1)
t(0,0,0) = (0-0,0+0,0+0)=(0,0,0)

(checked)

2)
We check LT1
In R3 Let v1 = (x1,y1,z1) and v2 = (x2,y2,z2)
t(v1+v2) = t((x1,y1,z1)+(x2,y2,z2)) = t((x1+x2,y1+y2,z1+z2)) =
( (y1+y2)-(z1+z2),(x1+x2)+(z1+z2), (x1+x2)+(y1+y2))
= ( (y1-z1)+(y2-z2),(x1+z1)+(x2+z2), (x1+y1)+(x2+y2))
= (y1-z1,x1+z1,x1+y1)+(y2-z2,x2+z2,x2+y2)
= t(x1,y1,z1)+t(x2,y2,z2)
= t(v1)+t(v2)
We check LT2
Let v = (x,y,z) and R
t(v) = t(x,y,zt(x,y,z) = (y-z,x+z,x+y) = (y-z,x+z,x+y) = t(v)
t verifies both properties
Then: t is a linear transformation
b)
t(x,y,z) = (y-z,x+z,x+y)
Let A = The matrix of t with respect to the standard basis for R3
t(1,0,0) = (0-0,1+0,1+0) = (0,1,1)
t(0,1,0) = (1-0,0+0,0+1) = (1,0,1)
t(0,0,1) = (0-1,0+1,0+0) = (-1,1,0)
(

c)
t(x,y,z) = (y-z,x+z,x+y)

Let B = The matrix of t with respect to the basis


{(1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1)} for the domain and the standard basis for
the codomain.
t(1,0,0) = (0-0,1+0,1+0) = (0,1,1)
t(1,1,0) = (1-0,1+0,1+1) = (1,1,2)
t(0,1,1) = (1-1,0+1,0+1) = (0,1,1)

d)
We have to find Ker(t) = {vR3 /t(v)=(0,0,0)}
t(v) = t(x,y,z) = (y-z,x+z,x+y) = (0,0,0)
Then
y-z = 0
x+z = 0
x+y = 0
Then:
y = z , x= -y
Assuming the parameter k to the unknown z we obtain:
x=-k, y=k ,z=k
Then
Ker(t) = {(-k,k,k): kR}
Geometrically Ker(t) is the line through (0,0,0) and (-1,1,1)
And its dimension is 1

e)

1)
We take the standard basis {(1,0,0),(0,1,0),(0,0,1)}
2)
From part b)
t(1,0,0) = (0,1,1)
t(0,1,0) = (1,0,1)
t(0,0,1) = (-1,1,0)
Then S = {(0,1,1),(1,0,1),(-1,1,0)}
3)
Since (-1,1,0) = (0,1,1) - (1,0,1) then S1 = S {(-1,1,0)} = {(0,1,1),(1,0,1)}
4)
Since S1 is a linearly independent set then S1 is a basis of Im(t)
Dimension of Im(t) is 2
Geometrically Im(t) its a plane through the origin and containing the points (0,1,1) and (1,0,1)

f)
P3 = {p(x):p(x)=a+bx+cx2, a,b,cR}
Standard basis of P3 is: {1,x,x2}
s : P3 R3
s(a + bx + cx2) =(a + c, b, a + b + c).
s(1) = s(1+0x+0x2) = (1+0,0,1+0+0) = (1,0,1)
s(x) = s(0+1x+0x2) = (0+0,1,0+1+0) = (0,1,1)
s(x2) = s(0+0x+1x2) = (0+1,0,0+0+1) = (1,0,1)
Then the matrix of s with respect to the standard basis for the domain P3 and the standard basis
for the codomain R3 is M where:
(

From part b)
Let A = The matrix of t with respect to the standard basis for R3
(

Then the matrix of t s with respect to the standard basis for the domain P3 and the standard basis
for the codomain R3 is AM
AM = (

)(

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