Nokia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the telecommunications corporation. For other uses, see Nokia
(disambiguation). For the company arisen from Microsoft's acquisition of Nokia's Devices and
Services division, see Microsoft Mobile.
Nokia Oyj

Type
Julkinen osakeyhti
(Public company)
Traded as
OMX: NOK1V
NYSE: NOK
Industry
Telecommunications equipment
Computer software
Founded
Tampere, Grand Duchy of Finland (1865)
incorporated in Nokia (1871)
Founders
Fredrik Idestam
Leo Mechelin
Headquarters
Espoo, Uusimaa, Finland
[1]

Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Risto Siilasmaa (Chairman)
Rajeev Suri (President and CEO)
Timo Ihamuotila (CFO)
Products
List of Nokia products
Services
Maps and navigation
Software solutions
(See services listing)
Revenue
12.70 billion (2013)
[2]

Operating income
519 million (2013)
[2]

Profit
-615 million (2013)
[2]

Total assets
25.19 billion (2013)
[2]

Total equity
6.46 billion (2013)
[2]

Employees
90,981 (2013)
[2]

Divisions
Mapping Services
R&D Center
Subsidiaries
Nokia Networks
HERE
Nokia Technologies
Website
Nokia
Nokia Oyj
[3]
(Finnish: Nokia Oyj, Swedish: Nokia Abp; Finnish pronunciation: [noki], English /nki/) is
a Finnish communications and information technology multinational corporation that is
headquartered in Espoo, Uusimaa, in the greater Helsinki metropolitan area.
[1]
Its Nokia
Networks subsidiary provides telecommunications network equipment and services.
[4]
Its wholly
owned subsidiaryHERE provides free-of-charge digital map information and navigation services.
[5]

As of 2013, Nokia employed 90,000 people across 120 countries, conducts sales in more than 150
countries and reported annual revenues of around 12.7 billion.
[2]
Nokia is a public limited-liability
company listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange.
[6]
It is the world's
274th-largest company measured by 2013 revenues according to the Fortune Global 500.
[7]

In September 2013, Nokia sold what was once the world's largest vendor of mobile phones
to Microsoft as part of an overall deal totaling 5.44 billion (US$7.17 billion). Stephen Elop, Nokia's
former CEO, and several other executives joined the new Microsoft Mobile subsidiary of Microsoft as
part of the deal, which closed on 25 April 2014.
[8][9]

Contents
[hide]
1 History
o 1.1 1865 to 1967
o 1.2 1967 to 2000
o 1.3 2000 to 2010
o 1.4 2010 to 2013
o 1.5 2013-present
2 Operations
o 2.1 Divisions
o 2.2 Nokia Networks
o 2.3 Research
3 Corporate affairs
o 3.1 Corporate governance
o 3.2 Stock
o 3.3 Corporate culture
4 Logos
5 Controversies
o 5.1 NSN's provision of intercept capability to Iran
o 5.2 Lex Nokia
o 5.3 NokiaApple patent dispute
o 5.4 Alleged tax evasion in India
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
History[edit]
1865 to 1967[edit]

Fredrik Idestam, co-founder of Nokia.

Leo Mechelin, co-founder of Nokia.

Eduard Poln portrait by Eero Jrnefelt
The predecessors of the modern Nokia were the Nokia Company (Nokia Aktiebolag), Finnish
Rubber Works Ltd (Suomen Gummitehdas Oy) and Finnish Cable Works Ltd (Suomen
Kaapelitehdas Oy).
[10]

Nokia Ab's history started in 1865 when mining engineer Fredrik Idestam established a ground wood
pulp mill on the banks of theTammerkoski rapids in the town of Tampere, in southwestern Finland
(part of the Russian Empire).
[11]
In 1868, Idestam built a second mill near the town of Nokia, fifteen
kilometers (nine miles) west of Tampere, by the Nokianvirta river, which had
better hydropowerresources.
[12]
In 1871, Idestam, with the help of close friend and statesman Leo
Mechelin, renamed and transformed his firm into a share company, thereby founding Nokia Ab. The
company's name came from the Nokianvirta river, nearby which the factories of Eduard Poln's
company, Suomen Gummitehdas, were located a few years later.
[12][13][14]

Eduard Poln (1861-1930), Nokia's founder, was a Finnish business leader.
[15]
He was founder,
CEO, Chairman of the Board and the largest shareholder of the Suomen Gummitehdas ("Finnish
Rubber Works"). He led the development of a new rubber industry in Finland. His group of
companies built a modern wood and cable industry in Finland. Poln decided to use the name
"Nokia", the townwhere his factories were based, as a brand name for his products to differentiate
his products from Russian competitors.
[citation needed]
The legacy of Suomen Gummitehdas lives on
in Nokian Tyres.
Although these three companiesSuomen Gummitehdas, Suomen Kaapelitehdas and Nokia Ab
were not formally merged, as the law did not allow it at the time, Poln continued to create a
successful conglomerate that later became Nokia PLC. Poln was the chairman, managing director,
and the largest owner of the group for 30 years.
[citation needed]

Towards the end of the 19th century, Mechelin sought to expand into the electricity business, but his
aspiration was initially thwarted by Idestam's opposition. However, Idestam's retirement in 1896
allowed Mechelin to become the company's chairman (from 1898 until 1914), and he subsequently
convinced shareholders.
[12]
In 1902, Nokia added electricity generation to its business activities.
[11]

Industrial conglomerate[edit]
In 1898, Poln founded Finnish Rubber Works, manufacturer of galoshes and other rubber products,
which later became Nokia's rubber business.
[10]
At the beginning of the 20th century, Finnish Rubber
Works established its factories near the town of Nokia and began using its name as its product
brand.
[16]
In 1912, Arvid Wickstrm founded Finnish Cable Works, producer
of telephone, telegraph and electrical cables and the foundation of Nokia's cable and electronics
businesses.
[10]
At the end of the 1910s, shortly after World War I, the Company was nearing
bankruptcy.
[17]
To ensure the continuation of electricity supply from Nokia's generators, Finnish
Rubber Works acquired the business of the insolvent company.
[17]
In 1922, Finnish Rubber Works
acquired Finnish Cable Works.
[18]
In 1937, Verner Weckman, a wrestler and Finland's first Olympic
Gold medalist, became president of Finnish Cable Works, after 16 years as its technical
director.
[19]
After World War II, Finnish Cable Works supplied cables to the Soviet Union as part
of war reparations. This gave the company a foothold for later trade.
[19]

The three companies, jointly owned since 1922, were merged to form a new industrial conglomerate,
Nokia Corporation, in 1967.
[20]
The new company was involved in many industries, producing at
various times paper products, car and bicycle tires, footwear (including rubber boots),
communications cables, televisions and other consumer electronics, personal computers, electricity
generation machinery, robotics, capacitors, military communications and equipment (such as
the SANLA M/90 device and the M61 gas mask for the Finnish Army), plastics, aluminum
and chemicals.
[21]
Each business unit had its own director who reported to the first Nokia Corporation
President, Bjrn Westerlund. As the president of the Finnish Cable Works, he had been responsible
for setting up the company's first electronics department in 1960, sowing the seeds of Nokia's future
in telecommunications.
[22]

The company decided to exit consumer electronics in the 1990s and focused solely on the fastest
growing segments in telecommunications.
[23]
Nokian Tyres, manufacturer of tires, split from Nokia
Corporation in 1988
[24]
and two years later Nokian Footwear, manufacturer of rubber boots, was
founded.
[16]
In 1989, Nokia also sold the original paper business; currently this company (Nokian
Paperi) is owned by SCA. During the rest of the 1990s, Nokia divested itself of all other
businesses.
[23]

1967 to 2000[edit]
The electronics section of the cable division was founded in 1960 and the production of its first
electronic devices began in 1962: a pulse analyzer designed for use in nuclear power plants.
[22]
In the
1967 fusion, that section was separated into its own division, and began manufacturing
telecommunications equipment. A key CEO and subsequent chairman of the board
was vuorineuvos Bjrn "Nalle" Westerlund (19122009), who founded the electronics department
and let it run at a loss for 15 years. In the late 1960s and early 1970s Westerlund encouraged
researchers to work on their own projects, which one top executive directly linked to the company's
later expertise in mobile communications technologies.
[25]

Networking equipment[edit]

A Nokia P30
In the 1970s, Nokia became more involved in the telecommunications industry by developing
the Nokia DX 200, a digital switch for telephone exchanges. The DX 200 became the workhorse of
the network equipment division. Its architecture enabled it to be developed into various switching
products.
[26]
In 1984, development of a version of the exchange for the Nordic Mobile
Telephony network was started.
[27]

For a while in the 1970s, Nokia's network equipment production was separated into Telefenno, a
company jointly owned by the parent corporation and by a company owned by the Finnish state. In
1987, the state sold its shares to Nokia and in 1992 the name was changed to Nokia
Telecommunications.
[28]

In the 1970s and 1980s, Nokia developed the Sanomalaitejrjestelm ("Message device system"), a
digital, portable and encrypted text-based communications device for the Finnish Defence
Forces.
[29]
The current main unit used by the Defence Forces is the Sanomalaite M/90 (SANLA
M/90).
[30]

In 1998, Check Point established a partnership with Nokia, bundling Check Point's Software with
Nokia's computer Network Security Appliances.
[31]

First mobile phones[edit]

The Mobira Cityman 150, Nokia's NMT-900 mobile phone from 1989 (left), compared to the Nokia 1100from
2003.
[32]
The Mobira Cityman line was launched in 1987.
[33]

The technologies that preceded modern cellular mobile telephony systems were the various "0G"
pre-cellular mobile radio telephony standards. Nokia had been producing commercial and some
military mobile radio communications technology since the 1960s, although this part of the company
was sold some time before the later company rationalization. Since 1964, Nokia had
developed VHF radio simultaneously with Salora Oy. In 1966, Nokia and Salora started developing
the ARP standard (which stands for Autoradiopuhelin, or car radio phone in English), a car-based
mobile radio telephony system and the first commercially operated public mobile phone network in
Finland. It went online in 1971 and offered 100% coverage in 1978.
[34]

In 1979, the merger of Nokia and Salora resulted in the establishment of Mobira Oy. Mobira began
developing mobile phones for the NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony) network standard, the first-
generation, Finland's first fully automatic cellular phone system that went online in 1981.
[35]
In 1982,
Mobira introduced its first car phone, the Mobira Senator for NMT-450 networks.
[35]

Nokia bought Salora Oy in 1984 and changed the company's telecommunications branch name to
Nokia-Mobira Oy. The Mobira Talkman, launched in 1984, was one of the world's first transportable
phones. In 1987, Nokia introduced one of the world's first handheld phones, theMobira Cityman
900 for NMT-900 networks (which, compared to NMT-450, offered a better signal, yet a shorter
roam). While the Mobira Senator of 1982 had weighed 9.8 kg (22 lb) and the Talkman just under
5 kg (11 lb), the Mobira Cityman weighed only 800 g (28 oz) with the battery and had a price tag of
24,000 Finnish marks (approximately 4,560).
[33]
Despite the high price, the first phones were almost
snatched from the sales assistants' hands. Initially, the mobile phone was a "yuppie" product and
a status symbol.
[21]

Nokia's mobile phones got a publicity boost in 1987, when Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was
pictured using a Mobira Cityman to call fromHelsinki to his communications minister in Moscow. This
led to the phone's nickname of the "Gorba".
[33]

In 1988, Jorma Nieminen, resigning from the post of CEO of the mobile phone unit, along with two
other employees from the unit, started a notable mobile phone company of their own, Benefon Oy
(since renamed to GeoSentric).
[36]
One year later, Nokia-Mobira Oy became Nokia Mobile Phones.
Involvement in GSM[edit]
Nokia was a key developer of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications),
[37]
the second-
generation mobile technology that could carry data as well as voice traffic. NMT(Nordic Mobile
Telephony), the world's first mobile telephony standard to allow international roaming, provided
expertise for Nokia in developing GSM, which was adopted in 1987 as the new European standard
for digital mobile technology.
[38][39]

Nokia delivered its first GSM network to Finnish operator Radiolinja in 1989.
[40]
The world's first
commercial GSM call was made on 1 July 1991 in Helsinki, over a Nokia-supplied network, by then-
Prime Minister of Finland Harri Holkeri, using a prototype Nokia GSM phone.
[40]
In 1992, the first
GSM phone, the Nokia 1011, was launched.
[40][41]
The model number refers to its launch date, 10
November.
[41]
The Nokia 1011 did not yet employ Nokia's characteristic ringtone, the Nokia tune,
which was introduced as a ringtone in 1994 with the Nokia 2100 series.
[42]

GSM's high-quality voice calls, easy international roaming and support for new services like text
messaging (Short Message Service) laid the foundations for a worldwide boom in mobile phone
use.
[40]
GSM came to dominate mobile telephony in the 1990s, by mid-2008 accounting for about
three billion subscribers, with more than 700 mobile operatorsacross 218 countries and territories.
Connections were growing at the rate of 15 per second, or 1.3 million per day.
[43]

Personal computers and IT equipment[edit]

The Nokia Booklet 3G mini laptop.
In the 1980s, Nokia's computer division Nokia Data produced a series of personal computers
called MikroMikko.
[44]
MikroMikko was Nokia Data's attempt to enter the business computer market.
The first model in the line, MikroMikko 1, was released on 29 September 1981,
[45]
around the same
time as the first IBM PC. However, the personal computer division was sold to the
British ICL (International Computers Limited) in 1991, which later became part
of Fujitsu.
[46]
MikroMikko remained a trademark of ICL and later Fujitsu. Internationally the
MikroMikko line was marketed by Fujitsu as the ErgoPro.
Fujitsu later transferred its personal computer operations to Fujitsu Siemens Computers, which shut
down its only factory in Espoo, Finland (in the Kilo district, where computers had been produced
since the 1960s) at the end of March 2000,
[47]
thus ending large-scale PC manufacturing in the
country.
Nokia produced high quality CRT and early TFT LCD displays for PC and larger systems
applications. The Nokia Display Products' branded business was sold to ViewSonic in 2000.
[48]
In
addition to personal computers and displays, Nokia used to manufacture DSL modems and
digital set-top boxes.
Nokia re-entered the PC market in August 2009 with the introduction of the Nokia Booklet 3G mini
laptop.
[49]

Challenges of growth[edit]

The Nokia House, Nokia's head office located by the Gulf of Finland inKeilaniemi, Espoo, was constructed between
1995 and 1997. It is the workplace of more than 1,000 Nokia employees.
[21]

In the 1980s under CEO Kari Kairamo, Nokia expanded into new fields, mostly by acquisitions. In
the late 1980s and early 1990s, the corporation ran into serious financial problems, partly due to
heavy losses in its television manufacturing division.
[50]
Kairamo committed suicide in 1988. After
Kairamo's death, Simo Vuorilehto became Nokia's chairman and CEO. In 19901993, Finland
underwent a severerecession,
[51]
which also struck Nokia. Under Vuorilehto's management, Nokia
was severely overhauled. The company responded by streamlining its telecommunications divisions
and by divesting itself of the television and PC divisions.
[52]

Probably the most important strategic change in Nokia's history was made in 1992, however, when
the new CEO Jorma Ollila made a crucial strategic decision to concentrate solely on
telecommunications.
[23]
Thus, during the rest of the 1990s, the rubber, cable and consumer
electronics divisions were gradually sold as Nokia continued to divest itself of all of its non-
telecommunications businesses.
[23]

As late as 1991, more than a quarter of Nokia's turnover came from sales in Finland. However, after
the strategic change of 1992, Nokia sales to North America, South America and Asia became
significant.
[53]
The worldwide popularity of mobile telephones, beyond even Nokia's most optimistic
predictions, created a logistical crisis in the mid-1990s,
[54]
prompting Nokia to overhaul its entire
supply chain.
[55]
By 1998, Nokia's focus on telecommunications and its early investment in GSM
technologies had made the company the world's largest mobile phone manufacturer, a position it
held until 2012. Between 1996 and 2001, Nokia's turnover increased almost fivefold from 6.5 billion
euros to 31 billion euros.
[53]
Logistics continued to be a major advantages over rivals, along with
greater economies of scale.
[56]

2000 to 2010[edit]

The flagship Nokia store in So Paulo, Brazil
Product releases[edit]

Reduction in size of Nokia mobile phones. Left to right: Nokia 638 (1996; 19.06 cm height), Nokia 2160 EFR (1996;
16.42 cm), Nokia 5160 (1998; 14.84 cm), Nokia 6070 (2006; 10.5 cm)
Nokia launched the Nokia 3310 in late 2000 as the successor of the Nokia 3210. It has become one
of the most popular devices of all time. The Nokia 1100 handset in 2003,
[32]
shipping over 200 million
units, is the best-selling mobile phone of all time and the world's top-selling consumer
electronics product, and contributed to the company's rise in developing markets.
[57]
Nokia was one
of the first to recognize the market opportunity in combining a game console and a mobile phone
(both of which many gamers were carrying in 2003) into the N-Gage. The N-Gage was a mobile
phone and game console meant to lure gamers away from the Game Boy Advance, though it cost
twice as much.
[58]

Nokia Productions was the first mobile filmmaking project directed by Spike Lee. Work began in April
2008, and the film premiered in October 2008.
[59]

In 2009, the company reentered the personal computing market, announcing a high-end Windows-
based netbook called the Nokia Booklet 3G.
[49]
The company also entered the smartphone market.
[60]

Symbian OS[edit]
Symbian was Nokia's main smartphone operating system until 2011.
Symbian was popular among the smartphone market during the 2000s. Some popular Symbian-
powered devices include the Nokia 7650, the first S60 smartphone; Nokia N-Gage the first game-
centric smartphone; Nokia 6600, the first Symbian smartphone to sold over a million unit with a
soap-like design; Nokia 7610, the first Nokia with a megapixel camera; Nokia 6630 the first 3G Nokia
smartphone; Nokia N90, the first camera-centric phone; Nokia N95, a popular slider; Nokia N82,
with Xenon flash; Nokia E71, offering a full "qwerty" keyboard and premium build; Nokia 5800
XpressMusic the first full-touch smartphone; Nokia N97 with full-touchscreen and a side-sliding
QWERTY keyboard; Nokia X6 the first capacitive touchscreen and the Nokia N8 with the
newer Symbian^3 and 12 megapixel camera.
The 2012 Nokia 808 PureView had a record 41-megapixel camera, and represented the end of the
Symbian platform after its replacement by Windows Phone.
[61]

Nokia 6600 from 2003 with a VGA camera,Bluetooth and expandable
memory. It was the first Nokia and Symbian device to sell over a million.
(Series 60 2nd)

Nokia N73 released in August 2006, with 3Gand a front camera. (S60 3rd)

The Nokia N95 released in March 2007, with a 5-megapixel camera and
sliding multimedia keys. Often considered Nokia's hero smartphone. (S60
3rd)

Nokia E71 with aQWERTY keyboard, released in July 2008. (S60 3rd)

The Nokia 5800 XpressMusic, Nokia's first full-touchsmartphone. (S60 5th)

The Nokia N8 released in September 2010 is the first Symbian^3 device,
and the first to feature a 12-megapixel autofocuslens.
(Symbian^3/Anna/Belle)

The Nokia 808 PureView, released in February 2012 as the last Symbian
smartphone, features a 41-megapixelcamera and a 1.3 GHz CPU. (Belle)
Linux devices[edit]

Nokia N9 running MeeGo Harmattan
Nokia's first Linux devices were the Nokia Internet tablets and the Nokia N900, which ran Debian-
based Maemo.
[62]

The Maemo project later merged with Intel's Moblin to create MeeGo.
[63]
The Nokia N9 was released
before the project was abandoned in favour of Windows Phone. Development continued under the
name Sailfish OS.
[64][65]

The Nokia X family of devices running Android was Nokia's final sally in Linux-based smartphones.
[66]

Series 40[edit]
Series 40 is a phone platform used in feature phones, mainly running Java-based applications.
[67]
It
was once the world's most popular software of mobile phones.
Nokia acquired Smarterphone, a company making the Smarterphone OS for low end phones and
merged it with Series 40 to form theAsha Platform, which also inherits some UI characteristics from
Nokia's MeeGo platform. The Asha 501 was the first phone running the new OS.
[68]

Reorganizations[edit]
Nokia opened its Komrom, Hungary mobile phone factory on 5 May 2000.
[69]

In March 2007, Nokia signed a memorandum with Cluj County Council, Romania to open a plant
near the city in Jucu commune.
[70][71]
Moving the production from the Bochum, Germany factory to a
low wage country created an uproar in Germany.
[72]
Nokia later moved its North American
Headquarters to Sunnyvale, California.
In April 2003, the troubles of the networks equipment division caused the corporation to resort to
similar streamlining practices, includinglayoffs and organizational restructuring.
[73]
This diminished
Nokia's public image in Finland
[74][75]
and produced a number of court casesand an episode of a
documentary television show critical of Nokia.
[76]

In June 2006, CEO Jorma Ollila left his position to become the chairman of Royal Dutch Shell
[77]
and
to give way for Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo.
[78]

In 2008, Nokia exited mobile phone distribution in Japan.
[79]

In 2009, Check Point acquired Nokia's network security business unit.
[80]

In February 2012, Nokia announced 4,000 lay-offs to move manufacturing from Europe and Mexico
to Asia.
[81]

In March 2012, Nokia laid off 1,000 employees from its Salo, Finland factory to focus on
software.
[82]
In June 2012, research facilities in Ulm, Germany and Burnaby, Canada closed, costing
more jobs. The company also announced 10,000 lay-offs globally by the end of 2013.
[83]

In January 2013, Nokia terminated 1,000 employees from its IT, production and logistics divisions.
The company planned to transfer about 715 jobs to subcontractors.
[84]

Acquisitions[edit]
For a more comprehensive list, see List of acquisitions by Nokia.

The Nokia E55 from the business segment of the Eseries range
On 22 September 2003, Nokia acquired Sega.com, a branch of Sega to develop the Nokia N-
Gage device.
[85]

On 16 November 2005, Nokia agreed to acquire Intellisync Corporation, a provider of data and PIM
synchronization software,
[86]
completing the acquisition on 10 February 2006.
[87]

On 19 June 2006, Nokia and Siemens AG announced the companies would merge their mobile and
fixed-line phone network equipment businesses, creating Nokia Siemens Networks.
[88]
Each
company has a 50% stake in the infrastructure company, headquartered inEspoo, Finland. About
20,000 Nokia employees transferred to this new company.
On 8 August 2006, Nokia agreed to acquire online music distributor Loudeye Corporation for
approximately US$60 million.
[89]

In July 2007, Nokia acquired all assets of Twango, a comprehensive media sharing solution for
organizing and sharing photos, videos and other personal media.
[90]

In September 2007, Nokia agreed to acquire Enpocket, a supplier of mobile advertising technology
and services.
[91]

In 2007, Nokia agreed to acquire Navteq, a U.S.-based supplier of digital mapping data, for $8.1
billion
[5][92]
and finalized the acquisition on 10 July 2008.
[93]

In September 2008, Nokia acquired OZ Communications, a privately held company with
approximately 220 employees headquartered in Montreal, Canada.
[94]

On 24 July 2009, Nokia agreed to acquire certain assets of Cellity, a privately owned mobile
software company,
[95]
completed on 5 August 2009.
[96]

In September 2009, Nokia acquired certain assets of Plum Ventures, Inc to complement Nokia's
Social Location services.
[97]

In March 2010, Nokia acquired Novarra, a mobile web browser firm.
[98]

In April 2010, Nokia acquired MetaCarta, a local search technology firm.
[99]

In 2012, Nokia acquired Smarterphone, a developer of an operating system for feature phones, and
the imaging company Scalado.
[100][101]

Loss of smartphone marketshare[edit]
Originally launched in 2007, Apple's iPhone continued to be outsold and unfavoured by Nokia
smartphones, most notably the Nokia N95 for some time.
[102]
Symbian had a dominating 62.5%
market share as of Q4 2007 ahead of Microsoft's Windows Mobile (11.9%) and RIM (10.9%).
However, with the launch of the iPhone 3G in 2008, Apple's year-over-year market share doubled by
the end of that year and iPhone OS (now known as iOS) operating system market share pulled
ahead of Windows Mobile. Although in Q4 2008, Nokia retained a 40.8% share, it saw a decline of
over 10% from Q4 2007, replaced by Apple's increasing share.
[103]
The Nokia N96, released in late
2008, proved to be much less successful, although the Nokia 5800 XpressMusic was mainly
considered to be the iPhone 3G's main rival. Despite the success of the Nokia E71,
[104]
it was not
enough to stop Nokia's smartphone market slide. On 24 June 2008, Nokia bought the Symbian
operating system and the next year made it open source.
[105]

In early 2009, the Nokia N97 was released, a touchscreen device with a landscape QWERTY slider
that focused on social networking. It was a commercial success despite its mainly mixed reception.
The N97's closest competitor was the iPhone 3GS. In 2009 several devices were launched, such as
the Nokia E52, which gained positive reception.
[106][107]
However, Symbian market share dropped from
52.4% in Q4 2008 to 46.1% a year later. RIM increased its share during the period from 16.6% to
19.9%, but Apple increased share from 8.2% to 14.4%. Android grew to 3.9%.
[108]

2010 to 2013[edit]
In 2010 pressure on Nokia increased dramatically as Android and iOS continued to make
gains.
[109]
Other Symbian makers including Samsung and Sony Ericsson chose to make Android-
powered smartphones instead of Symbian,
[110]
and by mid-2010 Nokia was its only OEM outside of
Japan. Nokia developed Symbian^3 to replace S60, but it never became popular.
[111]
By Q4 2010,
Symbian's market share dipped to 32%, surpassed by Android at 30%.
[112]
Despite losing share, the
smartphone unit was profitable and smartphone unit sales increased every quarter during
2010.
[113]
An estimated 4 million units were sold in Q4 2010.
[114]

Awards and Accolades[edit]
In 2011, The Brand Trust Report, India Study,
[115]
awarded Nokia as India's Most Trusted Brand. The
study was conducted by TRA Research,
[116]
a leading brand analytics company. Nokia also received
the Most Trusted Brand in India accolade in the year 2012 and 2013. However Nokia's ranking
on The Brand Trust Report fell in 2014 to India's fifth Most Trusted Brand.
[117][118]

2011: Alliance with Microsoft, Windows Phone, and launch of Lumia[edit]

The Nokia Lumia 720
On 11 February 2011, Nokia's CEO Stephen Elop, a former head of Microsoft business division,
unveiled a new strategic alliance withMicrosoft, and announced it would shift its efforts to Windows
Phone from Linux-based MeeGo and Symbian.
[119]
except for non-smartphones. Nokia invested in
the Series 40 platform and released a single MeeGo product in 2011, the Nokia N9.
[120]

As part of the restructuring plan, Nokia planned to reduce research and development, instead
customising and enhancing the software line for Windows Phone 7.
[121]
Nokia's "applications and
content store" (Ovi) became integrated into the Windows Phone Store, and Nokia Maps became the
heart of Microsoft's Bing and AdCenter. Microsoft provided developer tools to Nokia to replace
the Qt framework, which was not supported by Windows Phone 7 devices.
[122]

After this announcement, Nokia's share price fell about 14%, its biggest drop since July
2009.
[123]
Nokia's smartphone sales, which had previously increased, collapsed.
[124]
From the
beginning of 2011 until 2013, Nokia fell from #1 to #10 in smartphone sales.
[125]

Amid falling sales, Nokia posted a loss of 368 million euros for Q2 2011, while in Q2 2010 realized a
profit of 227 million euros. On September 2011, Nokia has announced it will end another 3,500 jobs
worldwide, including the closure of its Cluj factory in Romania.
[126]

As Nokia was the largest mobile phone and smartphone manufacturer worldwide at the time,
[127]
it
was suggested the alliance would help Windows Phone.
[122]
Nokia was overtaken by Apple as the
world's biggest smartphone maker by volume in June 2011.
[128]

[129]
In August 2011 Chris Weber, head
of Nokia's subsidiary in the U.S., stated "The reality is if we are not successful with Windows Phone,
it doesn't matter what we do (elsewhere)." He further added "North America is a priority for Nokia (...)
because it is a key market for Microsoft.".
[130]

Nokia reported "well above 1 million" sales for its Lumia line up to 26 January 2012,
[131][132]
2 million
sales for the first quarter of 2012,
[133]
and 4 million for the second quarter of 2012.
[134]
In this quarter,
Nokia only sold 600,000 smartphones (Symbian and Windows Phone 7) in North America.
[135]
For
comparison, Nokia sold more than 30 million Symbian devices world-wide in Q4 2010
[136]
and
the Nokia N8 alone sold almost 4 million in its first quarter. In Q2 2012, 26 million iPhones and 105
million Android phones shipped, compared to only 6.8 million devices with Symbian and 5.4 million
with Windows Phone.
[137]

While announcing an alliance with Groupon, Elop declared "The competition... is not with other
device manufacturers, it's with Google."
[138]

In June 2012, Nokia chairman Risto Siilasmaa told journalists that Nokia had a back-up plan in the
event that Windows Phone failed.
[139][140]

2012: Financial difficulties[edit]

Market share of Symbian, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone 7 among US smartphone owners from Q1 2011 to
Q2 2012 according to Nielsen Company.
On 8 February 2012, Nokia Corp. announced 4,000 layoffs at smartphone manufacturing plants in
Europe by the end of 2012 to move assembly closer to component suppliers in Asia.
[141]

On 14 June 2012, Nokia announced 10,000 layoffs globally by the end of 2013
[142]
and shut
production and research sites in Finland, Germany and Canada in line with continuing losses and
the stock price falling to its lowest point since 1996.
[143]

In total, Nokia laid off 24,500 employees by the end of 2013.
[144]

On 18 June 2012, Moody's downgraded Nokia's bond rating to junk.
[145]
Nokia CEO admitted that the
company's inability to foresee rapid changes in the mobile phone industry was one of the major
reasons for the problems.
[146]

On 4 May 2012, a group of Nokia investors filed a class action against the company as a result of
disappointing sales.
[147]
On 22 August 2012, it was reported that a group of Finnish Nokia investors
were considering gathering signatures for the removal of Elop as CEO.
[148]

In December 2012, Nokia announced that it would be selling its headquarters Nokia House for 170
million, and leasing it back in the long-term. This decision was taken to slash costs as the company
was during a financial crisis of falling revenues.
[149]

2013: New products, recovering market share, lack of profits[edit]
In January 2013, Nokia reported 6.6 million smartphone sales for Q4 2012 consisting of 2.2 million
Symbian and 4.4 million sales of Lumia devices (Windows Phone 7 and 8).
[150]
In North America, only
700,000 mobile phones have been sold including smartphones.
In May 2013 Nokia released the Asha platform for its low-end borderline smartphone devices. The
Verge commented that this may be a recognition on the part of Nokia that they are unable to move
Windows Phone into the bottom end of smartphone devices fast enough and may be "hedging their
commitment" to the Windows Phone platform.
[151]

In the same month, Nokia announced its partnership with the world's largest cellular operator China
Mobile to offer Nokia's new Windows-based phone, the Lumia 920, as Lumia 920T, an exclusive
Chinese variant. The partnership was a bid by Nokia to connect with China Mobile's 700 million-
person customer base.
[152]

Following the second quarter of 2013, Nokia made an operating loss of 115m (98.8m), with
revenues falling 24% to 5.7bn, despite sales figures for the Lumia exceeding those of BlackBerry's
handsets during the same period. Over the nine-quarters prior to the second quarter of 2013, Nokia
sustained 4.1 billion worth of operating losses. The company experienced particular problems in
both China and the U.S.; in the former, Nokia's handset revenues are the lowest since 2002, while in
the U.S., Francisco Jeronimo, analyst for research company IDC, stated: "Nokia continues to show
no signs of recovery in the US market. High investments, high expectations, low results."
[153]

In July 2013, Nokia announced that Lumia sales were 7.4 million for the second quarter of the year
a record high.
[154]

2013-present[edit]
Nokia X[edit]
Steven Elop unveiling the Nokia X in February 2014
In February 2014, Nokia unveiled the Nokia X familya new line of low-end smartphones running a
fork of the Android operating system oriented towards Nokia and Microsoft services, and with an
interface inspired by the Asha and Lumia lines. Nokia aimed the devices specifically
towards emerging markets.
[155]

Sale of mobile phone business to Microsoft[edit]
On 2 September 2013, Microsoft announced that it would acquire Nokia's mobile device business in
a deal worth 3.79bn, along with another 1.65bn to license Nokia's portfolio of patents for 10 years;
a deal totaling at over 5.4bn. Steve Ballmer considered the purchase to be a "bold step into the
future" for both companies, primarily as a result of its recent collaboration.
[8][9][156][157]
In an interview
with Helsingin Sanomat, former Nokia executive Anssi Vanjoki commented that the Microsoft deal
was "inevitable" due to the "failed strategy" of Stephen Elop.
[158]

The deal was closed on 25 April 2014 for "slightly more" than the originally stated 5.44
billion.
[159]
Nokia's mobile phone assets became a part of Microsoft Mobile, a new subsidiary of
Microsoft based in Finland.
[160][161]
The deal was originally expected to be closed in March 2014, but
was delayed by a tax dispute involving a factory in Indiaofficials claimed that Nokia had not
properly paid taxes on devices that were produced at the plant, but sold domestically (exports are
exempt from taxes). Indian governments had required that Nokia place money in escrow before it
was allowed to transfer control of the factory to Microsoft. As a result, the plant will not be transferred
to Microsoft, but will produce products on behalf of the company.
[162][163][164]

As part of the deal, Microsoft acquired the Asha and Lumia brands, but only has a limited license to
the Nokia brand. Microsoft can only use the Nokia brand to promote Lumia products for 18 months
after the closure of the acquisition, X products through 31 December 2015, and feature phones such
as the Series 30 and Series 40 series for 10 years. Microsoft will only use its own brand on new
"product[s], applications and experiences". Microsoft also did not acquire any rights to the Nokia
tune, which the company may only use on Nokia-branded devices, where it must be set as default.
Nokia itself is also subject to a non-compete clause forbidding it from manufacturing any Nokia-
branded phones until 31 December 2015.
[165][166][167]
Microsoft also took over Nokia's website and
social media outlets following the closure of the deal; this arrangement will be in place for a minimum
of one year after the closure.
[160]

A number of Nokia executives joined Microsoft as a result; Stephen Elop became the head of
Microsoft's devices team (which include products such as Xbox and Surface lines);Risto
Siilasmaa replaced Elop as interim CEO, before the appointment of Rajeev Suri. Post-acquisition,
Nokia now focuses on three core business units; its Here mapping service (which Microsoft will
license for four years under the deal), its infrastructure division Nokia Solutions and Networks (NSN),
and on developing and licensing its "advanced technologies".
[8][8][9][156][157]

In July 2014, Microsoft announced a significant layoff of workers, including 12,500 workers from the
former mobile phone group at Nokia.
[168]
It was also reported that Microsoft had ended future
development of Nokia's feature phone and X lines in favor of focusing exclusively on Windows
Phone.
[169][170]

Post Devices & Services business sale[edit]
Nokia has been involved in the acquisition of other companies. These include Medio Systems by the
HERE division.
[171]

The Technologies division announced their first consumer product in June 2014, the Nokia Z
Launcher, a home screen interface written for Google's Android OS.
[172]

China Mobile deal[edit]
In October 2014, Nokia and China Mobile signed a $970 million framework deal for delivery between
2014 and 2015.
[173]

Operations[edit]
Nokia is a public limited-liability company listed on the Helsinki, Frankfurt, and New York stock
exchanges.
[6]
Nokia plays a very large role in the economy of Finland.
[174][175]
It is an important
employer in Finland and works with multiple local partners and subcontractors.
[176]
In 2009 Nokia
contributed 1.6% to Finland's GDP, and accounted for about 16% of Finland's exports in 2006.
[177]

Divisions[edit]
Since the Microsoft acquisition, Nokia comprises three business groups: Mobile Solutions, HERE,
and Technologies.
On 1 April 2007, Nokia's Networks business group was combined with Siemens's carrier-related
operations for fixed and mobile networks to form Nokia Siemens Networks, jointly owned by Nokia
and Siemens and consolidated by Nokia.
[178]
Nokia bought the 50% share and took full control of the
group on 3 July 2013.
[179]

Markets[edit]
Markets is responsible for Nokia's supply chains, sales channels, brand and marketing functions of
the company, and is responsible for delivering mobile solutions to the market.
[180]

HERE[edit]
HERE is responsible for Nokia's suite of navigation services (formerly under the Ovi brand).
[181]

HERE's map data originated in Navteq, a Chicago, Illinois-based provider of digital map data and
location-based content and services for automotive navigation systems, mobile navigation devices,
Internet-based mapping applications, and government and business solutions. Navteq was acquired
by Nokia on 1 October 2007.
[5]
Navteq's map data became part of the HERE Maps online service
where users can download maps, use voice-guided navigation and other context-aware web
services.
[180]

Nokia Networks[edit]
Main article: Nokia Networks
Nokia Solutions and Networks (NSN), previously known as Nokia Siemens Networks B.V. is a
multinational data networking and telecommunications equipment company headquartered in Espoo,
Finland. NSN was a joint venture between Nokia (50.1%) and Siemens (49.9%), but is now a wholly
owned subsidiary of Nokia. It is the world's fourth-largest telecoms equipment manufacturer
measured by 2011 revenues (after Ericsson, Huawei and Alcatel-Lucent).
[182]
NSN has operations in
around 150 countries.
[183]

The NSN brand identity was launched at the 3GSM World Congress in Barcelona in February
2007.
[184]
NSN provides wireless and fixed network infrastructure, communications and networks
service platforms, as well as professional services to operators and service providers.
[180]
NSN
focuses on GSM, EDGE, 3G/W-CDMA, LTE and WiMAX radio access networks; core networks with
increasing IP and multiaccess capabilities and services.
In July 2013, Nokia bought back all shares in Nokia Siemens Networks for a sum of US$2.21
billion.
[185]

Research[edit]
The Nokia Research Center, founded in 1986, is Nokia's industrial research unit consisting of about
500 researchers, engineers and scientists;
[186][187]
it has sites in seven countries: Finland,
China, India, Kenya, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.
[188]
Besides its research
centers, in 2001 Nokia founded (and owns) INdT Nokia Institute of Technology, a R&D institute
located in Brazil.
[189]
Nokia operates a total of 7 manufacturing facilities
[6]
located at Manaus, Brazil;
Beijing and Dongguan, China;Komrom, Hungary; Chennai, India; Reynosa, Mexico;
and Changwon, South Korea.
[70][190]
Nokia's industrial design department is headquartered in Soho in
London, UK with significant satellite offices in Helsinki, Finland and Calabasas, California in the US.
Research cooperation with universities[edit]
Nokia is actively exploring and engaging in open innovation through selective research
collaborations with major universities and institutions by sharing resources and leveraging ideas. Its
major research collaboration is with Tampere University of Technology based in Finland. Current
collaborations include:
[191]

Aalto University, Finland
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
Stanford University, United States
Tribhuvan University, Nepal
Tampere University of Technology, Finland
Tsinghua University, China
University of California, Berkeley, United States
University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
University of Tampere, Finland
Singularity University, United States
[192]

Corporate affairs[edit]

This article is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or
newly available information. (May 2014)
Corporate governance[edit]
The control and management of Nokia is divided among the shareholders at a general meeting and
the Nokia Leadership Team (left),
[193]
under the direction of the board of directors (right).
[194]
The
chairman and the rest of the Nokia Leadership Team members are appointed by the board of
directors. Only the Chairman of the Nokia Leadership Team can belong to both the board of
directors and the Nokia Leadership Team. The board of directors' committees consist of the Audit
Committee,
[195]
the Personnel Committee
[196]
and the Corporate Governance and Nomination
Committee.
[197][198]

The operations of the company are managed within the framework set by the Finnish Companies
Act,
[199]
Nokia's Articles of Association
[3]
and Corporate Governance Guidelines,
[200]
and related board
of directors adopted charters.
Nokia Leadership Team (as of May 2014)
[193]

Rajeev Suri (Chairman), b. 1967
President and CEO since 1 May 2014
Joined Nokia on 1995
Samih Elhage
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial and Operating Officer of Nokia Networks
Joined Nokia Networks 2012
Michael Halbherr, b. 1964
CEO of HERE
Joined Nokia 2006, Nokia Leadership Team member since 1 July 2011
Timo Ihamuotila, b. 1966
Executive Vice President and Group Chief Financial Officer
With Nokia 19931996, rejoined 1999, Nokia Leadership Team member since 2007
Henry Tirri, b. 1956
Executive Vice President and Acting Head of Nokia Technologies
Joined Nokia 2004, Nokia Leadership Team member since 22 September 2011
Board of directors
[194]

Risto Siilasmaa (Chairman), b. 1966
Board member since 2008, Chairman of the board of directors since 3 May 2012
Chairman of the Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee
Founder and Chairman of F-Secure Corporation
Jouko Karvinen (Vice chairman), b. 1957
Board member since 3 May 2011, Chairman of the Audit Committee, Member of the Corporate Governance and Nomination
Committee
CEO of Stora Enso Oyj
Vivek Badrinath, b. 1969

Deputy Chief Executive Officer, Accor Group
Bruce Brown, b. 1958
Board member since 3 May 2012, Member of the Personnel Committee
Chief Technology Officer of Procter & Gamble
Elizabeth Doherty, b. 1957
Board member since May 2013
independent director
Mrten Mickos, b. 1962
Board member since 3 May 2012
chief executive officer of Eucalyptus Systems, Inc.
Elizabeth Nelson, b. 1960
Board member since 3 May 2012, Member of the Audit Committee
Independent Corporate Advisor
Kari Stadigh, b. 1955
Board member since 3 May 2011, Member of the Personnel Committee
Group CEO and President of Sampo plc
Dennis F. Strigl, b. 1946

Retired CEO, Verizon Wireless, Author and Consultant
Former corporate officers[edit]
Chief executive officers

Chairmen of the board of directors
[201]

Bjrn Westerlund 19671977 Lauri J. Kiveks 19671977 Simo Vuorilehto 19881990
Kari Kairamo 19771988

Bjrn Westerlund 19771979 Mika Tiivola 19901992
Simo Vuorilehto 19881992

Mika Tiivola 19791986 Casimir Ehrnrooth 19921999
Jorma Ollila 19922006

Kari Kairamo 19861988 Jorma Ollila 19992012
Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo 20062010

Stephen Elop 20102013

Stock[edit]
Nokia is a public limited liability company and is the oldest company listed under the same name on
the Helsinki Stock Exchange, beginning in 1915.
[21]
Nokia has had a secondary listing on the New
York Stock Exchange since 1994.
[6][21]
Nokia shares were delisted from the London Stock Exchange
in 2003, the Paris Stock Exchange in 2004, the Stockholm Stock Exchange in 2007 and the
Frankfurt Stock Exchange in 2012.
[202]

In 2007, Nokia had a market capitalisation of 110 billion; by 17 July 2012 this had fallen to 6.28
billion.
Corporate culture[edit]
Nokia's official corporate culture manifesto, The Nokia Way, emphasises the speed and flexibility of
decision-making in a flat, networked organization.
[203]

The official business language of Nokia is English. All documentation is written in English, and is
used in official intra-company spoken communication and e-mail.
In May 2007, Nokia redefined its values after initiating a series of discussions worldwide as to what
the new values of the company should be. Based on the employee suggestions, the new values
were defined as: Engaging You, Achieving Together, Passion for Innovation and Very Human.
[203]

Logos[edit]

Nokia introduced its"Connecting People"advertising slogan in 1992, coined
by Ove Strandberg.
[204][205]


This earlier version of the slogan used Times Roman SC(Small Caps) font.
[206]

Nokia updated the slogan typeface in 2006.
[207]


This slogan originally used Nokia's proprietary 'Nokia Sans' font, designed by Erik
Spiekermann.
[208]
This was replaced in 2011 with the 'Nokia Pure' font designed byDalton Maag.
[209]

Nokia's current logo. The company does not currently use a slogan in its
logo.
Controversies[edit]
NSN's provision of intercept capability to Iran[edit]
In 2008, Nokia Siemens Networks, a joint venture between Nokia and Siemens AG, reportedly
provided Iran's monopoly telecom company with technology that allowed it to intercept the Internet
communications of its citizens.
[210]
The technology reportedly allowed Iran to use deep packet
inspection to read and even change the content of everything from "e-mails and Internet phone calls
to images and messages on social-networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter". The technology
"enables authorities to not only block communication but to monitor it to gather information about
individuals, as well as alter it for disinformation purposes,". During the post-election protests in Iran
in June 2009, Iran's Internet access was reported to have slowed to less than a tenth of its normal
speeds, and experts suspected this was due to the use of the interception technology.
[211]

The joint venture company, Nokia Siemens Networks, asserted in a press release that it provided
Iran only with a 'lawful intercept capability' "solely for monitoring of local voice calls". "Nokia Siemens
Networks has not provided any deep packet inspection, web censorship or Internet filtering capability
to Iran," it said.
[212]

In July 2009, Nokia began to experience a boycott of their products and services in Iran. The boycott
was led by consumers sympathetic to the post-election protest movement and targeted at those
companies deemed to be collaborating with the Islamic regime. Demand for handsets fell and users
began shunning SMS messaging.
[213]

Lex Nokia[edit]
In 2009, Nokia heavily supported a law in Finland that allows companies to monitor their employees'
electronic communications in cases of suspected information leaking.
[214]
Contrary to rumors, Nokia
denied that the company would have considered moving its head office out of Finland if laws on
electronic surveillance were not changed.
[215]
The Finnish media dubbed the law Lex Nokia because
it was implemented as a result of Nokia's pressure.
The law was enacted, but with strict requirements for implementation of its provisions. Until February
2013, no company had used its provisions. In 25 February the Office of Data Protection
Ombudsman confirmed that city of Hmeenlinna had recently gave the required notice.
[216]

NokiaApple patent dispute[edit]
In October 2009, Nokia filed a lawsuit against Apple Inc. in the U.S. District Court of
Delaware claiming that Apple infringed on 10 of its patents related to wireless communication
including data transfer.
[217]
Apple was quick to respond with a countersuit filed in December 2009
accusing Nokia of 11 patent infringements. Apple's General Counsel, Bruce Sewell went a step
further by stating, "Other companies must compete with us by inventing their own technologies, not
just by stealing ours." This resulted in an ugly spat between the two telecom majors with Nokia filing
another suit, this time with the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), alleging Apple of
infringing its patents in "virtually all of its mobile phones, portable music players, and
computers."
[218]
Nokia went on to ask the court to bar all U.S. imports of the Apple products including
the iPhone, Mac and the iPod. Apple countersued by filing a complaint with the ITC in January
2010.
[217]

In June 2011, Apple settled with Nokia and agreed to an estimated one time payment of $600 million
and royalties to Nokia.
[219]
The two companies also agreed on a cross-licensing patents for some of
their patented technologies.
[220][221]

Alleged tax evasion in India[edit]
Nokia's Indian subsidiary has been charged with non-payment of TDS and transgressing transfer
pricing norms in India.
[222]
The unpaid TDS of 30 billion, accrued during a course of six years, due to
royalty paid by the Indian subsidiary to its parent company.
[223]

See also[edit]

Companies portal
Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
Gnokii A suite of programs for communicating with mobile
phones.
Jolla Continuer of MeeGo through Nokia's Bridge program.
Newkia - Singapore-based company founded by ex-Nokia executive
after announcement that Nokia devices and services division would
be sold to Microsoft.
List of Nokia products
Nokia phone series
Nokia PC Suite A software package, slated to be replaced by
Nokia Ovi Suite.
Nokia Software Updater Mobile device firmware updater.
Microsoft Mobile - The rebranding of Nokia Device and Services
division after acquired by Microsoft.
References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"Nokia Oyj" (in Finnish). YTJ.fi. Retrieved 2 March
2013.
2. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c

d

e

f

g
"Nokia Corporation Report for Q4 2013 and
Full Year 2013" (PDF). Nokia Corporation. 24 January 2014.
Retrieved 10 Aug 2014.
3. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"Articles of Association of Nokia
Corporation" (PDF). Nokia Corporation. Retrieved 24 November
2012.
4. Jump up^ "Company". Nokia Siemens Networks. Retrieved 14
July 2009.
[dead link]

5. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c
"Nokia to acquire NAVTEQ" (Press release).
Nokia Corporation. 1 October 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
6. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c

d
"Nokia FAQ". Nokia Corporation. Retrieved 16
March 2009.
[dead link]

7. Jump up^ "Global 500 2013". Fortune. 2013. Retrieved 16 August
2013.
8. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c

d
"Microsoft buys Nokia's Devices and Services
Unit, unites Windows Phone 8 and its hardware maker". The
Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
9. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c
Ovide, Shira. "Microsoft in $7.17 Billion Deal for
Nokia Cellphone Business". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 3
September 2013.
10. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c
"Nokia Nokia's first century Story of Nokia".
Nokia Corporation. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
[dead link]

11. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"Nokia The birth of Nokia Nokia's first century
Story of Nokia". Nokia Corporation. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
[dead link]

12. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c
Helen, Tapio. "Idestam, Fredrik (18381916)".
Biographical Centre of the Finnish Literature Society. Retrieved 22
March 2009.
13. Jump up^ http://company.nokia.com/en/about-us/our-
company/our-story
14. Jump
up^ https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=200812230
41513AAkg86m
15. Jump up^ Nokia Corporation 's official history, pages 1213,
Martin Hiki, Edita, 2001
16. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"Nokian Footwear: History". Nokian Footwear.
Retrieved 21 March 2009.
[dead link]

17. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
Palo-oja, Ritva; Willberg, Leena (1998). Kumi
Kumin ja Suomen kumiteollisuuden historia (in Finnish). Tampere,
Finland: Tampere Museums. pp. 4353.ISBN 9789516090651.
18. Jump up^ "Finnish Cable Factory Brief
History" (PDF). Kaapelitehdas.fi. Archived from the original on 5
July 2007. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
19. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"Nokia Verner Weckman Nokia's first century
Story of Nokia". Nokia Corporation. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
[dead link]

20. Jump up^ "Nokia The merger Nokia's first century Story of
Nokia". Nokia Corporation. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
[dead link]

21. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c

d

e
"Nokia Towards Telecommunications" (PDF).
Nokia Corporation. August 2000. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
22. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"Nokia First electronic dept Nokia's first century
Story of Nokia". Nokia Corporation. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
[dead
link]

23. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c

d
"Nokia Jorma Ollila Mobile revolution Story
of Nokia". Nokia Corporation. Retrieved 21 March 2009.
[dead link]

24. Jump up^ "History in brief". Nokian Tyres. Retrieved 22 March
2009.
25. Jump up^ Cord, David (April 2014). The Decline and Fall of Nokia.
Helsinki: Schildts & Sderstrms. p. 202. ISBN 978-951-52-3320-
2.
26. Jump up^ Kaituri, Tommi (2000). "Automaattisten
puhelinkeskusten historia" (in Finnish). Retrieved 21 March 2009.
27. Jump up^ Palmberg, Christopher; Martikainen, Olli (23 May
2003). "Overcoming a Technological Discontinuity The Case of
the Finnish Telecom Industry and the GSM" (PDF). The Research
Institute of the Finnish Economy. Retrieved 14 June 2009.
[dead link]

28. Jump up^ "Nokia : The Journey of a Company from Paper Pulp to
Mobile Phones". Retrieved 4 September 2013.
29. Jump up^ "Puolustusvoimat: Kalustoesittely
Sanomalaitejrjestelm" (in Finnish). The Finnish Defence Forces.
15 June 2005. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
30. Jump up^ "The Finnish Defence Forces: Presentation of
equipment: Message device". The Finnish Defence Forces.
Retrieved 14 June 2009.
31. Jump up^ "Check Point Software & Nokia Expand Partnership".
Business Wire. 19 October 1999. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
32. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"Nokia 1100 phone offers reliable and affordable
mobile communications for new growth markets" (Press release).
Nokia Corporation. 27 August 2003. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
[dead link]

33. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c
"Nokia Mobira Cityman The move to mobile
Story of Nokia". Nokia Corporation. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
[dead link]

34. Jump up^ Juutilainen, Matti. "Siirtyv tietoliikenne, luennot 78:
Matkapuhelinverkot" (PDF) (in Finnish). Lappeenranta University of
Technology. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
35. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"Nokia Mobile era begins The move to mobile
Story of Nokia". Nokia Corporation. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
[dead link]

36. Jump up^ Karttunen, Anu (2 May 2003). "Thdet syksyvt,
Benefon". Talouselm (in Finnish) (Talentum Oyj). Retrieved 28
July 2009.
37. Jump up^ "Nokia's Pioneering GSM Research and Development
to be Awarded by Eduard Rhein Foundation" (Press release).
Nokia Corporation. 17 October 1997. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
38. Jump up^ "Global Mobile Communication is 20 years old" (Press
release). GSM Association. 6 September 2007. Retrieved 23
March 2009.
[dead link]

39. Jump up^ "Happy 20th birthday, GSM". ZDNet.co.uk (CBS
Interactive). 7 September 2007. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
40. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c

d
"Nokia First GSM call The move to mobile
Story of Nokia". Nokia Corporation. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
[dead link]

41. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
Smith, Tony (9 November 2007). "15 years ago:
the first mass-produced GSM phone". Register Hardware. Situation
Publishing Ltd. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
42. Jump up^ "Nokia Nokia Tune Mobile revolution Story of
Nokia". Nokia Corporation. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
[dead link]

43. Jump up^ "3 Billion GSM Connections on the Mobile Planet
Reports The GSMA". GSM Association. 16 April 2008. Retrieved
21 March 2009.
[dead link]

44. Jump up^ "Nokia MikroMikko 1". Old-Computers.com. Retrieved
14 May 2008.
45. Jump up^ "Net Fujitsun asiakaslehti, Net-lehden historia: 1980-
luku" (in Finnish). Fujitsu Services Oy, Finland. Retrieved 22 March
2009.
46. Jump up^ "Historia: 19911999" (in Finnish). Fujitsu Services Oy,
Finland. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
[dead link]

47. Jump up^ Hietanen, Juha (28 February 2000). "Closure of Fujitsu
Siemens plant a repeat of Renault Vilvoorde?". EIRO, European
Industrial Relations Observatory on-line. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
Hietanen, Juha (28 February 2000). "Fujitsu Siemens tehdas
suljetaan toistuiko Renault Vilvoord?" (DOC) (in Finnish). EIRO,
European Industrial Relations Observatory on-line. Retrieved 14
May 2008.
48. Jump up^ "ViewSonic Corporation Acquires Nokia Display
Products' Branded Business"(Press release). Nokia Corporation.
17 January 2000. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
[dead link]

49. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"Nokia Booklet 3G brings all day mobility to the PC
world" (Press release). Nokia Corporation. 24 August 2009.
Retrieved 14 August 2013.
50. Jump up^ Pietil, Antti-Pekka (27 September 2000). "Kari
Kairamon nousu ja tuho".Taloussanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 21
March 2009.
51. Jump up^ "Finland: How bad policies turned bad luck into a
recession". Centre for Economic Policy Research. Retrieved 5 April
2009.
52. Jump up^ Hiki, Martti; translated by Hackston, David
(2001). Nokia Oyj:n historia 13 (A history of Nokia plc 13) (in
Finnish). Helsinki: Edita. ISBN 951-37-3467-6. Retrieved 21 March
2008.
53. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"Nokia Leading the world Mobile revolution
Story of Nokia". Nokia Corporation. Retrieved 21 March 2009.
[dead link]

54. Jump up^ Reinhardt, Andy (3 August 2006). "Nokia's Magnificent
Mobile-Phone Manufacturing Machine". BusinessWeek Online
Europe. Retrieved 21 March 2009.
55. Jump up^ Professor Voomann, Thomas E.; Cordon, Carlos
(1998). "Nokia Mobile Phones: Supply Line Management" (PDF).
Lausanne, Switzerland: IMD International Institute for
Management Development. Retrieved 21 March 2009.
56. Jump up^ Ewing, Jack (30 July 2007). "Why Nokia Is Leaving
Moto in the Dust".BusinessWeek Online. Retrieved 21 March 2009.
Lin, Porter; Khan, Raedeep; Piekute, Vaida; Luhtasela, Jussi;
Fang, Debby (1 December 2005). "Supply Chain Management
Case Nokia" (PDF). IMBA, College of Commerce, National
Chengchi University. Retrieved 21 March 2009.
[dead link]

57. Jump up^ Virki, Tarmo (5 March 2007). "Nokia's cheap phone
tops electronics chart". Reuters. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
58. Jump up^ Saylor, Michael (2012). The Mobile Wave: How Mobile
Intelligence Will Change Everything. Perseus Books/Vanguard
Press. p. 304.
59. Jump up^ "Nokia Productions and Spike Lee premiere the world's
first social film" (Press release). Nokia Corporation. 14 October
2008. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
60. Jump up^ "Nokia seizes social internet and amplifies music
experience" (Press release). Nokia Corporation. 2 September
2009. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
"Nokia 7705 Twist launched Stateside on Verizon (photo gallery)".
Nokia Corporation. 10 September 2009. Retrieved 11 October
2009.
"Nokia launches two new handsets under 'Asha' range". 9 August
2012.
61. Jump up^ "Nokia's 808 PureView officially declared as the last
Symbian device". NDTV. 25 January 2013. Retrieved 22 June
2013.
62. Jump up^ [1]
63. Jump up^ [2]
64. Jump up^ "Sailfish Jolla OS, a continuation of MeeGo".
65. Jump up^ http://blog.gsmarena.com/nokia-will-not-return-to-
meego-even-if-n9-turns-out-to-be-a-hit-says-stephen-elop/
66. Jump up^ [3]
67. Jump up^ [4]
68. Jump up^ [5]
69. Jump up^ "Hungarian and Finnish Prime Ministers Inaugurate
Nokia's "Factory of the Future" in Komrom" (Press release). Nokia
Corporation. 5 May 2000. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
[dead link]

70. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"Nokia to set up a new mobile device factory in
Romania" (Press release). Nokia Corporation. 26 March 2007.
Retrieved 14 May 2008.
71. Jump up^ "Nokia to open cell phone plant near Cluj". Boston.com.
Associated Press. 22 March 2007. Archived from the original on 7
May 2008. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
"Nokia to build mobile phone plant in Romania". Helsingin
Sanomat. 27 March 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
72. Jump up^ "German Politicians Return Cell Phones Amid Nokia
Boycott Calls". Deutsche Welle. 18 January 2008. Retrieved 22
March 2009.
"German State Demands 60 Million from Nokia". Der Spiegel. 11
March 2008. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
73. Jump up^ "Nokia Networks takes strong measures to reduce
costs, improve profitability and strengthen leadership
position" (Press release). Nokia Corporation. 10 April 2003.
Retrieved 14 May 2008.
[dead link]

74. Jump up^ "Nokia Networks to shed 1,800 jobs worldwide; majority
of impact felt in Finland".Helsingin Sanomat. 11 April 2003.
Retrieved 14 May 2008.
75. Jump up^ Leyden, John (10 April 2003). "Nokia Networks axes
1,800 staff". The Register. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
76. Jump up^ "Nokia's Law (transcription)". YLE TV1, Mot. 17
January 2005. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
77. Jump up^ "Shell appoints Jorma Ollila as new Chairman" (Press
release). Royal Dutch Shell. 4 August 2005. Retrieved 22 March
2009.
[dead link]

78. Jump up^ "Nokia moves forward with management succession
plan" (Press release). Nokia Corporation. 1 August 2005. Retrieved
22 March 2009.
Repo, Eljas; Melender, Tommi (19 September 2005). "Changing
the guard at Nokia Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo takes the helm". Ministry
for Foreign Affairs of Finland. Virtual Finland. Retrieved 22 March
2009.
[dead link]

79. Jump up^ "".
80. Jump up^ "Check Point Completes Acquisition of Nokia Security
Appliance Business". 13 April 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2009.
81. Jump up^ "Nokia Will Layoff 4,000 and Move More Manufacturing
to Asia | PCWorld Business Center". Pcworld.com. 2012-02-08.
Retrieved 2013-09-08.
82. Jump up^ "Nokia Lays Off 1,000 Employees From Finnish Plant,
Will Focus On Software". I2mag.com. 2012-03-22. Retrieved 2013-
09-08.
83. Jump up^ "Nokia closing B.C. research centre as it cuts 10,000
jobs". CBC News. Associated Press. 14 June 2012. Retrieved 25
September 2013.
84. Jump up^ Jyri Hnninen and Petri Sajari (18 January
2013). "Nokia lupaa vhennysten pttyvn Suomessa". Helsingin
Sanomat. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
85. Jump up^ "Nokia completes acquisition of assets of Sega.com
Inc." (Press release). Nokia Corporation. 22 September 2003.
Retrieved 16 March 2009.
86. Jump up^ "Nokia to extend leadership in enterprise mobility with
acquisition of Intellisync"(Press release). Nokia Corporation. 16
November 2005. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
87. Jump up^ "Nokia completes acquisition of Intellisync" (Press
release). Nokia Corporation. 10 February 2006. Retrieved 22
March 2009.
88. Jump up^ "Nokia and Siemens to merge their communications
service provider businesses"(Press release). Nokia Corporation. 19
June 2006. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
89. Jump up^ "Nokia to acquire Loudeye and launch a
comprehensive mobile music experience"(Press release). Nokia
Corporation. 8 August 2006. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
"Nokia completes Loudeye acquisition" (Press release). Nokia
Corporation. 16 October 2006. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
90. Jump up^ "Nokia acquires Twango to offer a comprehensive
media sharing experience" (Press release). Nokia Corporation. 24
July 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
"Nokia Acquires Twango Frequently Asked Questions
(FAQ)" (PDF). Nokia Corporation. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
91. Jump up^ "Nokia to acquire Enpocket to create a global mobile
advertising leader" (Press release). Nokia Corporation. 17
September 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
92. Jump up^ Niccolai, James (1 October 2007). "Nokia buys
mapping service for $8.1 billion".IDG News Service (InfoWorld).
Retrieved 14 May 2008.
93. Jump up^ "Nokia completes its acquisition of NAVTEQ" (Press
release). Nokia Corporation. 10 July 2008. Retrieved 22 March
2009.
94. Jump up^ "Nokia to acquire leading consumer email and instant
messaging provider OZ Communications". Taume News. 30
September 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
[dead link]

95. Jump up^ "Nokia to acquire cellity" (Press release). Nokia
Corporation. 24 July 2009. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
96. Jump up^ "Nokia completes acquisition of cellity" (Press release).
Nokia Corporation. 5 August 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
97. Jump up^ "Nokia has acquired Plum" (Press release). Nokia
Corporation. 11 September 2009. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
98. Jump up^ "Nokia Acquires Browser Firm Novarra". Techie-buzz.
28 March 2010. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
99. Jump up^ "Nokia Acquires MetaCarta". informationweek. 11 April
2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
100. Jump up^ Jesse Hicks (7 January 2012). "Nokia buys
Smarterphone, developer of feature phone operating system". The
Verge. Vox Media, Inc. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
101. Jump up^ Brogan, Danny (14 June 2012). "Nokia's smartphone
image quality to improve with acquisition of Scalado". Pocket-lint.
Retrieved 22 June 2013.
102. Jump up^ "The better iPhone: Nokia N95?". Scobleizer. 3 June
2007. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
103. Jump up^ "Gartner Says Worldwide Smartphone Sales
Reached Its Lowest Growth Rate With 3.7 Per Cent Increase in
Fourth Quarter of 2008". Gartner. 11 March 2009. Retrieved 3
September 2013.
104. Jump up^ Bray, Jonathan (5 February 2011). "Nokia E71
review". Trusted Reviews. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
105. Jump up^ Ziegler, Chris (24 June 2008). "Nokia buys Symbian,
turns software over to Symbian Foundation". Engadget. Retrieved
3 September 2013.
106. Jump up^ Magennis, Niall (5 February 2011). "Nokia E52
review". Trusted Reviews. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
107. Jump up^ Lewis, Frank (7 September 2009). "Nokia E52
Review". CNET. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
108. Jump up^ Schroeder, Stan (23 February 2010). "Smartphones
in 2009: Symbian Dominates, iPhone, RIM and Android Rising
Fast". Mashable. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
109. Jump up^ "Android smart phone shipments grow 886% year-on-
year in Q2 2010". Canalys. 2 August 2010. Retrieved 3 September
2013.
110. Jump up^ Perez, Marin (24 September 2010). "Sony Ericsson:
Adios Symbian, hello Android". IntoMobile. Retrieved 3 September
2013.
111. Jump up^ Arthur, Charles (19 October 2010). "Nokia N8
smartphone review: like hardware? You'll love this. Like software?
Ah...". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
112. Jump up^ "Smartphone Bloodbath 2010: Now Final Numbers
Q4 and Full Year 2010 and each rival awarded their final
grades". Communities Dominate Brands. 9 February 2011.
Retrieved 3 September 2013.
113. Jump up^ "Switcher". asymco. 2013-07-22. Retrieved 2013-09-
08.
114. Jump up^ "Nokia N8 sales nearing 4 million units".
Gsmarena.com. Retrieved 2013-09-08.
115. Jump up^ [cite web|url=http://www.business-
standard.com/article/technology/nokia-tata-among-most-trusted-
brands-111012000032_1.html%7Ctitle=Nokia, Tata among most
trusted brands in India |publisher=http://www.business-
standard.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-20]
116. Jump up^ [cite web|url=http://www.trustadvisory.info
117. Jump up^ "Samsung beats Nokia on Trust". www.dnaindia.com.
Retrieved 30 January 2014.
118. Jump up^ http://www.trustadvisory.info
119. Jump up^ "Nokia announces strategic partnership with
Microsoft, will use WP7 as primary OS". TechIt.in.
"Missed the historic Nokia+Microsoft event today? See it here!".
TechIt.in.
120. Jump up^ "Nokia and Microsoft form partnership". BBC. 11
February 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
121. Jump up^ "RIP: Symbian". Engadget.
122. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"Capitulation: Nokia adopts Windows Phone 7".
ArsTechnica. 11 February 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
123. Jump up^ ben-Aaron, Diana (11 February 2011). "Nokia Falls
Most Since July 2009 After Microsoft Deal". Bloomberg.
124. Jump up^ "Lumia: Is the light visible?". Asymco. Horace Dediu.
18 April 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
125. Jump up^ "Gartner Says Asia/Pacific Led Worldwide Mobile
Phone Sales to Growth in First Quarter of 2013" (Press
release). Gartner. Gartner, Inc. 14 May 2013. Retrieved 21 July
2013.
126. Jump up^ "Nokia to cut 3500 jobs worldwide; to shut Romania
factory". 29 September 2011.
127. Jump up^ "Gartner Says Sales of Mobile Devices in Second
Quarter of 2011 Grew 16.5 Percent Year-on-Year; Smartphone
Sales Grew 74 Percent" (Press release). Gartner. 11 August 2011.
Retrieved 29 September 2011.
128. Jump up^ Ward, Andrew (21 July 2011). "Apple overtakes
Nokia in smartphone stakes".Financial Times. Retrieved 21 July
2011.
129. Jump up^ "Recent Smartphone Shipments show Gainers &
Losers". Retrieved 22 August 2012.
130. Jump up^ Fried, Ina (9 August 2011). "Nokia to Exit Symbian,
Low-End Phone Businesses in North America". All Things Digital.
Retrieved 9 August 2011.
131. Jump up^ "Nokia Q4 2011 net sales EUR 10.0 billion, non-IFRS
EPS EUR 0.06 (reported EPS EUR 0.29) Nokia 2011 net sales
EUR 38.7 billion, non-IFRS EPS EUR 0.29 (reported EPS EUR
0.31)". Nokia. 26 January 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
132. Jump up^ Constantinescu, Stefan (26 January 2012). "Nokia
Q4 2011 financial results: Over 1 million Lumia Windows Phones
sold to date". IntoMobile. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
133. Jump up^ Cooper, Daniel (11 April 2012). "Nokia: Two million
Lumia phones sold in Q1 but profits still falling". Engadget. AOL.
Retrieved 2 June 2012.
134. Jump up^ "Nokia ships 4 million Lumias in Q2 2012, over 7
million to date".
135. Jump up^ "Nokia's Fight for AT&T Shelf Space Shows Hurdle
for Lumia".
136. Jump up^ [6]
[dead link]

137. Jump up^ "Android smartphone share quadruples iOS in Q2".
138. Jump up^ "Nokia's Lumia phones to show Groupon offers on
maps". BBC.
139. Jump up^ Chris Smith (30 June 2012). "Nokia promises back-
up plan if Windows Phone fails". Techradar. Retrieved 6 July 2012.
140. Jump up^ "Nokia's Siilasmaa: Goal to regain competitiveness".
YLS Uutiset. 28 June 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2012.
141. Jump up^ Moen, Arild (8 February 2012). "Nokia to Cut 4,000
Jobs". The Wall Street Journal.
142. Jump up^ "Nokia to cut 10,000 jobs; shut units". The Hindu. 14
June 2012.
143. Jump up^ ben-Aaron, Diana (14 June 2012). "Nokia to Cut
10,000 Jobs as Elop Tries to Stanch Losses". Bloomberg.
144. Jump up^ "7 milestones in Nokia's year of woes". The Times of
India. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
145. Jump up^ "Nokia Downgraded to Junk". Zacks.com. 2012-06-
18. Retrieved 2013-09-08.
146. Jump up^ "Nokia CEO Stephen Elop admits failure to foresee
fast-changing industry". 28 June 2012.
[dead link]

147. Jump up^ Reisinger, Don (2012-05-04). "Nokia, execs hit with
class-action suit over disappointing Lumia sales | Mobile CNET
News". News.cnet.com. Retrieved 2013-09-08.
148. Jump up^ "Nokia Finnish investors considering gathering
signatures to get CEO Elop sacked". Phonearena.com. Retrieved
2013-09-08.
149. Jump up^ "Struggling Nokia sells HQ". 3 News NZ. 5 December
2012.
150. Jump up^ "Nokia Corporation Q4 and full year 2012 Interim
Report".
151. Jump up^ Savov, Vlad (9 May 2013). "Nokia hedges its
commitment to Windows Phone with new Asha platform and $99
phone". The Verge. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
152. Jump up^ Einhorn, Bruce (7 December 2012). "Nokia Deal Is
Just the Beginning for China Mobile". Businessweek. Retrieved 22
June 2013.
153. Jump up^ Charles Arthur (18 July 2013). "Nokia revenues slide
24% but Lumia sales rise offers hope". The Guardian. Retrieved 19
July 2013.
154. Jump up^ Tom Warren (2013-07-18). "Nokia Lumia sales Q2
2013". The Verge. Retrieved 2013-09-08.
155. Jump up^ Robertson, Adi (2014-02-24). "This is Nokia X:
Android and Windows Phone collide".The Verge. Retrieved 2014-
03-02.
156. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"The Next Chapter: An open letter from Steve
Ballmer and Stephen Elop". The Official Microsoft Blog. Retrieved
3 September 2013.
157. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
Jones, Chuck. "The Market Essentially Forced
Microsoft To Buy Nokia". Forbes. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
158. Jump up^ "Nokian ex-pomo Anssi Vanjoki: Hpellist mutta
vistmtnt". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 4
September 2013.
159. Jump up^ Trenholm, Rich (25 April 2014). "Microsoft closes
Nokia deal, pays more than expected". Cnet.com. Retrieved 25
April 2014.
160. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"Nokia phone unit 'to be renamed Microsoft
Mobile'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
161. Jump up^ "Nokia says its sale to Microsoft will close on April
25th". The Verge. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
162. Jump up^ "Nokia to Exclude India Plant From Microsoft Deal
Over Tax Issues". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 25 April
2014.
163. Jump up^ "Microsoft's purchase of Nokia is still set to close by
the end of March". The Verge. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
164. Jump up^ "Nokia Indian Plant Unlikely to Be Part of Microsoft
Phone Deal". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
165. Jump up^ "Leaked Microsoft Document Tips Details of Nokia
Brand Transition and More".NDTV. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
166. Jump up^ "There will never be another Nokia smartphone". The
Verge. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
167. Jump up^ "Leak reveals when Microsoft must kill Nokia
brand". PC Pro. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
168. Jump up^ Tu, Janet I., "Microsoft layoffs signal a changing
culture: The cuts are partly related to Microsofts acquisition of
Nokias phone business and partly a reflection of Nadellas vision
of a Microsoft thats less management heavy and more agile", The
Seattle Times, 17 July 2014
169. Jump up^ "Microsoft to slash 18,000 jobs in deepest cuts in
tech giant's history". The Guardian. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 18
July 2014.
170. Jump up^ "Microsoft is killing off Nokias feature phones in favor
of Windows Phone". The Verge. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July
2014.
171. Jump up^ http://company.nokia.com/en/news/press-
releases/2014/06/12/here-plans-to-acquire-medio-systems-inc
172. Jump up^ https://www.zlauncher.com/
173. Jump up^ "Nokia, China Mobile sign $970 million framework
deal" (Press release). Reuters. 10 October 2014.
174. Jump up^ Kapanen, Ari (24 July 2007). "Ulkomaalaiset
valtaavat prssiyhtiit".Taloussanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 14
May 2008.
175. Jump up^ "Nokia is no longer Finland's most valuable
company". phonearena.com. 4 April 2012.
176. Jump up^ Ali-Yrkk, Jyrki (2001). "The role of Nokia in the
Finnish Economy" (PDF). ETLA (The Research Institute of the
Finnish Economy). Retrieved 21 March 2009.
[dead link]

177. Jump up^ Ali-Yrkk, Jyrki (2010). "NOKIA AND FINLAND IN A
SEA OF CHANGE". ETLA Research Institute of the Finnish
Economy. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
[dead link]

178. Jump up^ "Nokia Siemens Networks starts operations and
assumes a leading position in the communications industry" (Press
release). Nokia Corporation. 2 April 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2009.
179. Jump up^ "Nokia to buy Siemens' stake in NSN joint venture".
Bbc.co.uk. 2013-07-01. Retrieved 2013-09-08.
180. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c
"Structure". Nokia Corporation. 1 October 2009.
Archived from the original on 8 October 2009. Retrieved 28
December 2009.
181. Jump up^ http://company.nokia.com/en/our-businesses#here
182. Jump up^ "China's ZTE Q1 net income trails forecasts".
Reuters. 25 April 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
183. Jump up^ "Nokia Siemens Networks Fact Sheet" (PDF). Nokia
Siemens Networks. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
[dead link]

184. Jump up^ "The Wave of the Future". Brand New: Opinions on
Corporate and Brand Identity Work. UnderConsideration LLC. 25
March 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
"Reviews 2007 Nokia Siemens Networks". Identityworks. 2007.
Retrieved 14 May 2008.
185. Jump up^ Juhana Rossi (1 July 2013). "Nokia Pays $2.21
Billion for Siemens Stake in NSN".Wall Street Journal. Retrieved
18 December 2013.
186. Jump up^ "Nokia Research Center" (PDF). Nokia Corporation.
October 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
187. Jump up^ "About NRC Nokia Research Center". Nokia
Corporation. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
188. Jump up^ "NRC Locations Nokia Research Center". Nokia
Corporation. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
189. Jump up^ "INdT Instituto Nokia de Tecnologia". Nokia
Corporation. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
190. Jump up^ "Production units". Nokia Corporation. June 2008.
Retrieved 14 May 2008.
191. Jump up^ "Open Innovation Nokia Research Center". Nokia
Corporation. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
192. Jump up^ "Nokia Supports Singularity University as Fifth
Corporate Founder". Nokia Research Center. 10 November 2010.
Archived from the original on 18 November 2012.
193. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"Nokia Group Leadership Team". Nokia
Corporation. May 2014. Retrieved 10 Aug 2014.
194. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"Meet the Board". Nokia Corporation. 2014.
Retrieved 10 Aug 2014.
195. Jump up^ "Audit Committee Charter at Nokia" (PDF). Nokia
Corporation. 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
196. Jump up^ "Personnel Committee Charter at Nokia" (PDF).
Nokia Corporation. 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
197. Jump up^ "Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee
Charter at Nokia" (PDF). Nokia Corporation. 2008. Retrieved 14
May 2008.
198. Jump up^ "Committees of the Board". Nokia Corporation. May
2007. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
199. Jump up^ Virkkunen, Johannes (29 September 2006). "New
Finnish Companies Act designed to increase Finland's
competitiveness" (PDF). LMR Attorneys Ltd. (Luostarinen Mettl
Rikknen). Retrieved 14 May 2008.
200. Jump up^ "Corporate Governance Guidelines at Nokia" (PDF).
Nokia Corporation. 2006. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
201. Jump up^ "Suomalaisten yritysten ylin johto" (in Finnish).
Retrieved 20 March 2009.
202. Jump up^ "Nokia applies for delisting from the Frankfurt Stock
Exchange". Reuters. 24 November 2011. Retrieved 16 October
2012.
203. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
"Nokia Way and values". Nokia Corporation.
Retrieved 14 May 2008.
204. Jump up^ "HS Archives" (in Finnish). Helsingin Sanomat. 1
June 2003. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
205. Jump up^ "NOKIA | Connecting Pople 1992 Vector Logo (AI
EPS)". HDicon.com. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
206. Jump up^ Pitknen, Juhani (Nokia's Art Director) (3 September
2007). "Nokia Strategic Marketing, Brand Identity". Nokia
Corporation. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
207. Jump up^ "NOKIA | Connecting Pople new Vector Logo (AI
EPS)". HDicon.com. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
208. Jump up^ "Erik Spiekermann Furniture, Designs & Home
Decor". Design Within Reach. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
209. Jump up^ "Our New Typeface". Nokia Little Blog of Branding.
Retrieved 3 April 2012.
210. Jump up^ Cellan-Jones, Rory (22 June 2009). "Hi-tech helps
Iranian monitoring". BBC News. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
211. Jump up^ Rhoads, Christopher; Chao, Loretta (22 June
2009). "Iran's Web Spying Aided By Western Technology". The
Wall Street Journal (Dow Jones & Company, Inc.). pp. A1.
Retrieved 14 July 2009.
212. Jump up^ "Provision of Lawful Intercept capability in
Iran" (Press release). Nokia Siemens Networks. 22 June 2009.
Retrieved 14 July 2009.
[dead link]

213. Jump up^ Kamali Dehghan, Saeed (14 July 2009). "Iranian
consumers boycott Nokia for 'collaboration'". The
Guardian (London: Guardian News and Media Limited). Retrieved
27 July 2009.
214. Jump up^ Ozimek, John (6 March 2009). "'Lex Nokia' company
snoop law passes in Finland".The Register. Retrieved 27 July
2009.
215. Jump up^ "Nokia Denies Threat to Leave Finland". cellular-
news. 1 February 2009. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
216. Jump up^ Lex Nokian kytst ilmoitettiin ensimmist kertaa -
Lex Nokia - Talous - Helsingin Sanomat
217. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
Virki, Tarmo (18 January 2010). "SCENARIOS-
What lies ahead in Nokia vs Apple legal battle". Reuters. Retrieved
25 January 2010.
218. Jump up^ "The war of the Smartphones: Nokia's new patent
suit against Apple". Snartphone Reviews. 6 January 2010.
Retrieved 25 January 2010.
219. Jump up^ "Nokia's Patent Settlement With Apple Won't Help
Much". 14 June 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
220. Jump up^ Smith, Catharine (14 June 2011). "Apple Settles With
Nokia in Patent Lawsuit".Huffington Post. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
221. Jump up^ ben-Aaron, Diana; Pohjanpalo, Kati (14 June
2011). "Nokia Wins Apple Patent-License Deal Cash, Settles
Lawsuits". Bloomberg. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
222. Jump up^ "Income Tax department asks Nokia to pay Rs
13,000 crore". Economic Times. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 31
January 2013.
T. E. Raja Simhan (16 January 2013). "Nokia tax case: IT officials
grill Price Waterhouse". Chennai: Business Line. Retrieved 31
January 2013.
223. Jump up^ "Nokia suspected of flouting transfer pricing rules
too". Business Line. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
Further reading[edit]
Title Author Publisher Year Length ISBN
The Decline and Fall of Nokia David J. Cord
Schildts &
Sderstrms
April 2014 304 pp
ISBN 978-951-52-
3320-2
Winning Across Global Markets: How Nokia Creates Strategic Advantage in
a Fast-Changing World
Dan Steinbock Jossey-Bass / Wiley May 2010 304 pp
ISBN 978-0-470-
33966-4
Nokia: The Inside Story Martti Hiki FT / Prentice Hall
October
2002
256 pp
ISBN 0-273-65983-
9
Work Goes Mobile: Nokia's Lessons from the Leading Edge
Michael Lattanzi, Antti Korhonen, Vishy
Gopalakrishnan
John Wiley & Sons
January
2006
212 pp
ISBN 0-470-02752-
5
Mobile Usability: How Nokia Changed the Face of the Mobile Phone
Christian Lindholm, Turkka Keinonen, Harri
Kiljander
McGraw-Hill
Companies
June 2003 301 pp
ISBN 0-07-138514-
2
Business The Nokia Way: Secrets of the World's Fastest Moving Company Trevor Merriden John Wiley & Sons
February
2001
168 pp
ISBN 1-84112-104-
5
The Nokia Revolution: The Story of an Extraordinary Company That
Transformed an Industry
Dan Steinbock AMACOM Books April 2001 375 pp
ISBN 0-8144-0636-
X
External links[edit]
Find more about Nokia at Wikipedia'ssister
projects

Definitions from Wiktionary

Media from Commons

Quotations from Wikiquote

Source texts from Wikisource

Textbooks from Wikibooks

Learning resources from
Wikiversity
New Nokia official website
Nokia devices and services (Microsoft Mobile) website
[show]
V
T
E
Microsoft
[show]
V
T
E
Nokia
[show]
Links to related articles
Categories:
Nokia
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Companies based in Espoo
Companies established in 1865
Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange
Companies of Finland
Display technology companies
Electronics companies of Finland
Finnish brands
Mobile phone manufacturers
Telecommunications equipment vendors
Mobile phone companies of Finland
1865 establishments in Finland
Companies formerly listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange
Navigation menu
Create account
Log in
Article
Talk
Read
Edit
View history
Go

Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikimedia Shop
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages

Azrbaycanca

Bn-lm-g

()

Bosanski
Catal
etina
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Espaol
Esperanto
Euskara

Froyskt
Franais
Gaeilge
Galego



Hrvatski
Ilokano
Bahasa Indonesia
slenska
Italiano

Basa Jawa



Kurd

Latina
Latvieu
Lietuvi
Magyar




Bahasa Melayu

Nhuatl
Nederlands

Norsk bokml
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Ozbekcha


Polski
Portugus
Romn

Scots
Shqip

Simple English
Slovenina
Slovenina
Soomaaliga

/ srpski
Srpskohrvatski /
Basa Sunda
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog



Trke


Ting Vit


emaitka

Edit links
This page was last modified on 19 October 2014 at 12:59.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional
terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit
organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view