Scribd
Upload
155 views

Power System Analysis

This document contains information about homework problems for a power system analysis course. Problem 1 involves calculating the equivalent circuit parameters for a load drawing power between 1707W and -293W. The equivalent circuit is determined to be a 7.07Ω resistor in series with a 0.0188H inductor. Problem 2 asks about the reactive power required from a capacitor to raise the power factor of a load.

Uploaded by

nnkhanhvan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
155 views

Power System Analysis

This document contains information about homework problems for a power system analysis course. Problem 1 involves calculating the equivalent circuit parameters for a load drawing power between 1707W and -293W. The equivalent circuit is determined to be a 7.07Ω resistor in series with a 0.0188H inductor. Problem 2 asks about the reactive power required from a capacitor to raise the power factor of a load.

Uploaded by

nnkhanhvan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

ECE 476 Power System Analysis Fall 2014

Homework 1
Reading: Chapters 1 and 2 of GS&O
Problem 1. With |V | = 100 V, the instantaneous power p(t) into a network N has a maximum value
1707 W and a minimum value of -293 W.
1. Find a possible series RL circuit equivalent to N.
Dene v(t) and i(t) of the network N as
v(t) =

2V cos(t +
V
),
i(t) =

2I cos(t +
I
).
Then, the instantaneous power into N is
p(t) = v(t)i(t) = 2V I cos(t +
V
) cos(t +
I
)
= V I [cos(
V

I
) + cos(2t +
V
+
I
)] .
The maximum value of p(t) occurs when cos(2t +
V
+
I
) = 1 and, similarly, the minimum value
of p(t) occurs when cos(2t +
V
+
I
) = 1. So we have the following 2 equations:
P
max
= V I cos(
V

I
) + V I = 1707 W
P
min
= V I cos(
V

I
) V I = 293 W
Subtracting one from the other, we get
2V I = 1707 + 293 = V I = 1000 W = I = 10 A,
and adding the two and substituting V I = 1000 in, we get
2V I cos(
V

I
) = 2000 cos(
V

I
) = 1414 =
V

I
= cos
1

1414
2000

= 45

.
An inductive load causes current to lag the voltage, so we get
V

I
= 45

. Now we use V = 100


V
and I = 10
I
to get
Z =
V
I
=
100
V
10
I
= 10(
V

I
) = 1045

.
Finally we obtain R = R(Z) = 7.07 and L = I(Z) = 7.07 = L = 0.0188 H.
2. Find S = P + jQ into N.
Using the voltage and current phasors from above, we get
S = V I

= (100
V
)(10
I
)

= (100
V
)(10(
I
)) = 1000(
V

I
) = 100045

.
So S = P + jQ, where P = R(S) = 707 W and Q = I(S) = 707 Var.
1
3. Find the maximum instantaneous power into L and compare with Q.
The instantaneous power into L is
p
L
(t) = v
L
(t)i(t) = L
di
dt
i(t) = L

2I sin(t +
I
)

2I cos(t +
I
)
= 2LI
2
sin(t +
I
) cos(t +
I
)
= LI
2
sin(2t + 2
I
).
The maximum value of p
L
(t) occurs when sin(2t + 2
I
) = 1, and at this point,
p
L,max
= LI
2
= 260(0.0188)(10
2
) = 707 W,
which is equal to Q.
Problem 2. A certain 1 load draws 5 MW at 0.7 power factor lagging. Determine the reactive power
required from a parallel capacitor to bring the power factor of the parallel combination up to 0.9.
With the current power factor of 0.7 lagging, we solve the following for the current Q:
tan(cos
1
(0.7)) =
Q
cur
P
=
Q
cur
5
= Q
cur
= 5.101 MVar
To reach a power factor of 0.9 lagging, we solve the following for the desired Q:
tan(cos
1
(0.9)) =
Q
des
P
=
Q
des
5
= Q
des
= 2.422 MVar
Therefore, the reactive power required from a parallel capacitor to bring the power factor to 0.9 is
Q
cap
= Q
cur
Q
des
= 5.101 2.422 = 2.679 MVar
Problem 3. A 3 load draws 200 kW at a PF of 0.707 lagging from a 440-V line. In parallel is a 3
capacitor bank that supplies 50 kVAr. Find the resultant power factor and current (magnitude) into the
parallel combination.
In each phase, the load draws 200/3 kW at a PF of 0.707 lagging. So we solve for the reactive power
that the load draws in each phase as follows:
tan(cos
1
(0.0707)) =
Q
load,1
P
load,1
=
Q
load,1
200/3
= Q
load,1
= 66.69 kVar.
With the capacitor bank in parallel, the combined reactive power drawn becomes
Q
combo,1
= Q
load,1
Q
cap,1
= 66.69 50/3 = 50.02 kVar.
So the power factor of the combination is
cos

tan
1

50.02
200/3

= 0.7999 0.8 lagging


The current magnitude into the combination is
|I
combo,1
| =
|S
combo,1
|
|V |
=

P
2
1
+ Q
2
combo,1
|V |
=

(200/3)
2
+ 50.02
2
440
= 189 A, per phase
Problem 4. A 1 load draws 10 kW from a 416-V line at a power factor of 0.9 lagging.
2
1. Find S = P + jQ.
At power factor 0.9 lagging, the complex power drawn is solved as
tan(cos
1
(0.9)) =
Q
P
=
Q
10
= Q = 4.84 kVar.
Then, S = 10 + j4.84 kVA.
2. Find |I|.
|I| =
|S|
|V |
=

10
2
+ 4.84
2
416
= 26.7 A
3. Assume that I = 0 and nd the instantaneous power p(t).
p(t) = v(t)i(t) =

2V cos(t +
V
)

2I cos(t)
= 2V I cos(t +
V
) cos(t)
= V I cos
V
+ V I cos(2t +
V
)
= P + V I [cos(2t) cos
V
sin(2t) sin
V
]
= P + V I cos
V
cos(2t) V I sin
V
sin(2t)
= P + P cos(2t) Qsin(2t)
= P(1 + cos(2t)) Qsin(2t)
= 10(1 + cos(2t)) 4.84 sin(2t) kW
Problem 5. A small manufacturing plant is located 2km down a transmission line, which has a series
reactance of 0.5 /km. The line resistance is negligible. The line voltage plant is 4800 V (rms), and
the plant consumes 120 kW at 0.85 power factor lagging. Determine the voltage and power factor at the
sending end of the transmission line by using:
1. A complex power approach.
The load draws 120 kW at 0.85 power factor lagging. We solve for the reactive power drawn by the
load as
tan(cos
1
(0.85)) =
Q
load
P
load
=
Q
l
oad
120
= Q
load
= 74.37 kVar.
Therefore, the complex power drawn by the load is S
load
= 120 + j74.37 kVA. We can now solve for
the current into the load as
I =

S
load
V
load

120 + j74.37
4800

= 294.1(31.79

) A.
The loss in the line can be computed as
S
line
= V
line
I

line
= Z
line
I
load
I

= j2(0.5)294.1
2
= j86.51 kVA.
Thus, the complex power supplied by the source is
S
source
= S
load
+ S
line
= 120 + j74.37 + j86.51 = 120 + j160.88 kVA = 200.753.28

kVA.
So the power factor at the sending end is cos(53.28

) = 0.598, lagging.
Finally, the voltage at the sending end is
V
source
=
S
source
I

=
200.753.28

294.131.79

= 682.421.5

V.
3
2. A circuit analysis approach.
Using KVL, we have
V
source
= Z
line
I + V
load
= j1(294.1(31.79

)) + 480 = 682.421.5

V.
And the power factor is cos(
V

I
) = cos(21.5

+31.79

) = 0.598, lagging.
4

You might also like