D07 Intro to AVR Assembly Language

Equipment
PC with AVR Studio 4 installed
The AVR Assembly Language Instruction Set Summary document
STK5 board
Experiment
In this !rac you will write and test a small AVR assembly language !rogram "or
the ATmega#$ microcontroller% This will show how sim!le arithmetic and logic
o!erations are !er"ormed& and how a simulator can be used to "ollow the
e'ecution o" a !rogram%
Procedure
#% (!en AVR Studio 4
)% Create a new !ro*ect +Pro*ect , -ew Pro*ect.
/% Select 0Atmel AVR Assembler1 as the ty!e and enter a name "or the
!ro*ect% Clic2 -e't%
4% Select 0AVR Simulator1 as the !lat"orm and 0ATmega#$1 in the de3ice list%
Clic2 4inish%
5% 5nter the code gi3en below in the o!en AS6 7le%
$% 8ou can now assemble the !rogram and start the simulator to test its
e'ecution% +9uild , 9uild and Run.% 8ou will need to do this e3ery time
you ma2e a change to the !rogram to restart the simulator%
:% In the View menu& turn on the debug windows you will need; <atch&
6emory& Register and the =ebug toolbar%
>% ?sing the simulator you can ste! through the code one line at a time and
monitor the internal state o" the !rocessor% The yellow arrow shows the
ne't line to run%
atc! In this window you can add any 3ariables in the
!rogram to 3iew their current 3alues% Right clic2 "or
o!tions%
"emory This shows the contents o" the controller@s memory&
which is necessary to 3iew 3ariables stored in SRA6
Register This shows the status o" the /) internal CP? registers
Debug
#oolbar
This gi3es you control o3er the !rogram e'ecution%
Ste! In will enter a subroutine +a 0call1
statement.
Ste! (3er will e'ecute the subroutine and ste!
to the ne't line
A% Run the !ro3ided code in the simulator and understand how it wor2s%
#% As you ste! through the code& note the in!uts A and 9& other
internal registers& out!uts and the Condition Code register +SR5B.%
##% Incrementally add the other "unctionality and chec2 that the
o!erations wor2 as intended +3ia the simulator.% Add the "ollowing
"unctions into the s!aces !ro3ided and write down their results;
AC):
AD)5
AC9
AD9
A and 9
A or ####
A or 9
A lsr # !lace
A lsl # !lace
#)% Program your code onto the STK5 board and obser3e the L5=s
+uncomment the EDisplayTempOnLEDs calls.
#/% Answer the "ollowing Fuestions;
<hat is the diGerence between A!lus/4h and A!lus9H
<hat does Low+StartStac2. and Iigh+StartStac2. meanH
<hat does the Ests@ instruction doH
<hat is the signi7cance o" the condition codeJstatus register and
when is it changedH
<hat is the signi7cance o" the IJ( registers
<here is the result o" the Emul@ or Emuls@ instruction storedH
<hat instruction illuminates the L5=s on the STK5H
<hat is being dis!layed on the STK5 L5=sH
<hat logic le3els acti3ate the L5=s on the STK5 +acti3e high or
acti3e low.H Iow can the EDisplayTempOnLEDs call be changed to dis!lay
the o!!osite logic le3elH
;* D07 LABORATORY - Simple Arithmetic and L!ic Operatins
;**********************************************************
"de#ice AT$e!a%&
;$emry $ap
;***********
"e'( Start)lash * +0000 ;,ttm - )LAS. RO$ +0000
"e'( Start/ectrs * Start)lash
"e'( End/ectrs * +000A
"e'( Start1de * End/ectrs
"e'( )lashEnd * +%---
"e'( StartData * +00&0 ;start - (ser RA$
"e'( RA$End * +023)
"e'( StartStac4 * +023) ;tp end - RA$
; 5O Area
;--------
"e'( S6L * +007D ;addr 8here stac4pinter is stred
"e'( S6. * +007E
"e'( SRE9 * +007) ;1nditin 1de :ie"Stat(s; Re!ister
; 5O 6rts
;---------
"e'( 6in1 * +%7 ; inp(t 6rt1
"e'( DDR1 * +%2
"e'( 6rt1 * +%3 ; (tp(t 6rt1
"e'( 6inB * +%& ; inp(t 6rtB
"e'( DDRB * +%7
"e'( 6rtB * +%< ; (tp(t 6rtB
;Set =p Se!ments :i"e" 5nitialise Lcatin 1(nters in Se!ments
;****************
"dse! ;data se!ment
"r! StartData
"cse! ;cde se!ment
"r! Start)lash
; Set =p /ectrs
;---------------
"cse!
"r! Start/ectrs
r>mp Start
"r! End/ectrs
;*****************
;* *
;* $A5? 6RO9RA$ *
;* *
;*****************
;/AR5ABLES
;*********
;Re!ister Data :?te@ prcessr (ses r0Ar% 8ith sme instr(ctins;
;*************
"de- Temp * r%& ;many instr nly 8r4 8ith r%&-Br7%
"de- Temp. * r%7
"de- CL * r0&
"de- C. * r07
;5np(t Data
;---------
"de- A * r%< ; (nsi!ned <-,it n(m,er
"de- B * r%D ; (nsi!ned <-,it n(m,er
;Res(lts in Re!isters
;********************
;Arithmetic Res(lts
;------------------
"de- Apl(s72h * r0 ;<- ,it res(lt
"de- Amin(s07 * r7 ;<-,it si!ned :-#e 8hen A E07;
"de- Am(lt03 * r2 ;%&-,it res(lt
"de- A$(lt03. * r3
"de- Adi#3 * r&
;L!ic Res(lts
;-------------
"de- 1mplementedA * r7
"de- Aand0000%%%% * r<
"de- AandB * rD
"de- Ar00%%00%% * r%0
"de- ArB * r%%
"de- Alsr% * r%0 ;l!ical shi-t ri!ht A ne place
"de- Alsl% * r%7 ;l!ical shi-t le-t A ne place
"de- Alrrl& * r%2 ;rtate ri!ht A & places
;RA$ Data
;********
"dse! ;m#e int the data se!ment
;Other Arithmetic Res(lts
;------------------------
Apl(sB@ ",yte % ;ass(me % ,yte s(--icient
Amin(sB@ ",yte %
Am(ltB@ ",yte 0
"cse! ;m#e ,ac4 t the cde se!ment
;1ODE
;****
"r! Start1de
Start@
ldi TempFL8:StartStac4; ;set (p stac4 pinter
(t S6LFTemp
ldi TempF.i!h:StartStac4;
(t S6.FTemp
; 5nitialisatin
ldi TempF0,%%%%%%%% ;set (p 6rtB -r (tp(ts :0*5nF%*O(t;
(t DDRBFTemp
clr Temp ;set (p 6rt1 -r inp(t
(t DDR1FTemp
; 5nitialise /aria,les :these are t ,e chan!ed later;
;*********************
ldi AF +23 ;A * 23h
ldi BF 7& ;B * 7& * 02h
; 9et Res(lts
;************
call 1learRes(lts
call 9etAndDispArithmeticRes(lts
call 9etAndDispL!icRes(lts
8ait@ r>mp 8ait ;8ait here -re#er :endless lp;
;*******************************
;* S=BRO=T5?E@ 1lear Res(lts *
;*******************************
;pst All arithmetic and l!ic res(lts cleared
1learRes(lts@
;AG72heH
;-------
clr r0
clr r7
clr r2
clr r3
clr r&
clr r7
clr r<
clr rD
clr r%0
clr r%%
clr r%0
clr r%7
clr r%2
clr Temp
sts Apl(sBF Temp
sts Amin(sBF Temp
sts Am(ltBF Temp ; l8 ,yte
sts Am(ltBG%F Temp ; hi!h ,yte
ret
;**************************************************
;* S=BRO=T5?E@ 9et and Display Arithmetic Res(lts *
;**************************************************
;pst All arithmetic res(lts (pdated and displayed cnsec(ti#ely n LEDs
9etAndDispArithmeticRes(lts@
;AG72heH
;-------
m# TempFA ;Apl(s72h * A
s(,i TempF:-+72; ;e'(i# t addin! 72h
m# Apl(s72hFTemp
;call DisplayTempOnLEDs
;A-07
;----
;call DisplayTempOnLEDs
;A*03
;----
;AGB
;---
m# TempFA
add TempFB
sts Apl(sBFTemp ;stre in RA$
;call DisplayTempOnLEDs
;A-B
;---
;A*B :%&-,it res(lt@ display % ,yte at a time n LEDs;
;---
ret
;**********************************************
;* S=BRO=T5?E@ 9et and Display L!ic Res(lts *
;**********************************************
;pst All l!ic res(lts (pdated and displayed
9etAndDispL!icRes(lts@
;1mplemented A
;--------------
m# 1mplementedAFA
cm 1mplementedA
;A and 0000%%%%
;--------------
m# TempFA
andi TempF0,0000%%%%
m# Aand0000%%%%FTemp
;A and B
;-------
;A r 00%%00%%
;-------------
;A r B
;------
;A lsr % place
;-------------
;A lsl % place
;-------------
ret
;****************************
;* S=B@ DisplayTempOnLEDs *
;****************************
; Displays cntents - Temp n O(tp(t 6rtB LEDs -r at least % secnd
; r 8hile 610 p(sh ,(ttn is pressed
DisplayTempOnLEDs@
p(sh Temp
(t 6rtBFTemp ;LEDs are n 6rtB
call Delay%sec
DisTp%@
s,is 6in1F0 ;cntin(e t Display i- 610 pressed
>mp DisTp%
pp Temp
ret
;************************
;* S=B@ Delay%Sec *
;************************
Delay%Sec@
p(sh Temp
ldi TempF 030
call DelayTemp$illiSecs
call DelayTemp$illiSecs
call DelayTemp$illiSecs
call DelayTemp$illiSecs
pp Temp
ret
;****************************
;* S=B@ DelayTemp$illiSecs *
;****************************
; pre @ Temp * n(m,er - msecs t ,e delayed
; ass(min! a cycle time - %I< micrsecs :<$.J clc4;
; pst@ Temp * 0
DelayTemp$illiSecs@
p(sh Temp
p(sh CL
p(sh C.
tst Temp
Delay%@
,re' DelayE ;% cycleF terminate
ldi CLFLOK:<000I7-0; ;% cycleF ass(me <$.J clc4
ldi C.F.59.:<000I7-0; ;% cycle
Delay0@
s,i8 CLF % ;0 cyclesF inner lp
,rne Delay0 ;%
dec Temp ;%
r>mp Delay% ;%
DelayE@
pp C.
pp CL
pp Temp
ret