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HCF & LCM Chapter 15 f2 2014

This document discusses finding the highest common factor (HCF) and lowest common multiple (LCM) of numbers. It explains that the prime factors of a number can be used to find both. To find the HCF, the common prime factors are multiplied. To find the LCM, the prime factors are listed for each number and the smallest number that contains all prime factors is the LCM. Several examples are provided to demonstrate finding the HCF and LCM through listing prime factors.

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Juan Chee Wong
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195 views5 pages

HCF & LCM Chapter 15 f2 2014

This document discusses finding the highest common factor (HCF) and lowest common multiple (LCM) of numbers. It explains that the prime factors of a number can be used to find both. To find the HCF, the common prime factors are multiplied. To find the LCM, the prime factors are listed for each number and the smallest number that contains all prime factors is the LCM. Several examples are provided to demonstrate finding the HCF and LCM through listing prime factors.

Uploaded by

Juan Chee Wong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Form 2 [CHAPTER 15: HCF & LCM]

1 C.Camenzuli | www.smcmaths.webs.com

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15.1 Prime factors
Prime Factors
If a number has only two factors (1 and itself) it is a prime number.

! Examples of prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,

All numbers can be written as a product of their prime factors.

Example 1: Write in terms of their prime factors:
a) 14
b) 147
c) 50
d) 81

a) 14
It is best to start working from the smallest prime number, which is 2, so let's check

2 14
7 7
1

As you can see, every factor is a prime number, so the answer must be right.

! The prime factorisation of 14 is 2 ! 7.

b) 147
Can we divide 147 evenly by 2? No, so we should try the next prime number, 3.

3 147
7 49
7 7
1
But 49 is not a prime number, so we need to factor it further
Form 2 [CHAPTER 15: HCF & LCM]

2 C.Camenzuli | www.smcmaths.webs.com

And that is as far as we need to go.
147 = 3 ! 7 ! 7 = 3 ! 7
2

c) 50








d) 81










15.2 ! LCM (Lowest common multiple)
What is a multiple?
The multiples of a number are what you get when you multiply it by other numbers (such as if
you multiply it by 1,2,3,4,5, etc). Just like the multiplication table.

Here are some examples:
The multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, etc ...
The multiples of 12 are 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, etc...

There are two methods to find the LCM.

Method 1

Example1: Find the LCM of 7 and 9.

Step 1: List all the multiples of 6 and 8.

multiples of 7: 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70,
Form 2 [CHAPTER 15: HCF & LCM]

3 C.Camenzuli | www.smcmaths.webs.com

multiples of 9: 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72

Step 2: Choose the lowest common multiple.

63.
Example 2: Find the LCM of 4 and 9.






Method 2

Example 3: Find the LCM of 24 and 174.

2 24 174
2 12 87
2 6 87
3 3 87
29 1 29
1 1

LCM = 2 ! 2 ! 2 ! 3 ! 29 = 2
3
! 3 ! 29 = 696

Example 4: Find the LCM of 50 and 14.









Example 5: Find the LCM of 108 and 801.






Form 2 [CHAPTER 15: HCF & LCM]

4 C.Camenzuli | www.smcmaths.webs.com


15.3 HCF (Highest common factor)
What is a factor?
Factors are the numbers you multiply together to get another number:
Sometimes we want to find ALL the factors of a number:
The factors of 12 are 1,2,3,4,6 and 12 ...

... because 2 ! 6 = 12, or 4 ! 3 = 12, or 1 ! 12 = 12.
Example 1: Find the HCF of 24 and 36

Step 1: Find the Prime factors of each number

2 24
2 12
2 6
3 3
1


2 36
2 18
3 9
3 3
1

Step 2: Find common pairs of prime factors and multiply them.

The HCF is
24 = 2 ! 2 ! 2 ! 3
36 = 2 ! 2 ! 3 ! 3
HCF = 2 ! 2 ! 3 = 24

Example 2: Find the HCF of 12 and 42.

Step 1: Find the Prime factors of each number

2 12 2 42
2 6 3 21
3 3 7 7
1 1

The prime factors of 24 are
2 ! 2 ! 2 ! 3
The prime factors of 36 are
2 ! 2 ! 3 ! 3
Form 2 [CHAPTER 15: HCF & LCM]

5 C.Camenzuli | www.smcmaths.webs.com

Step 2: Find common pairs of prime factors and multiply them.

The HCF is:
12 = 2 ! 2 ! 3
42 = 2 ! 3 ! 7
HCF = 2 ! 3 = 6



Example 3: Find the HCF of 180 and 56.


















Example 4: Find the HCF OF 108 and 801.

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