DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK
SEMESTER V
ME 2302 Dynamic !" Mac#in$%y
R$&'(a)i!n*200+
UNIT*,
FORCE ANAL-SIS
PART*A .2 Ma%/0
1. Define static force analysis.
2.Differentiate between static and dynamic equilibrium.
3. What are the requirements of an equivalent dynamical system?.
4. Define inertia force.
5.Define inertia torque.
6. tate D!"lembert!s #rinci#le.
$.Define #iston effort.
%. Define cran& effort and cran&'#in effort.
(.What is meant by turnin) moment dia)ram or cran& effort dia)ram?
1*.+,#lain the term ma,imum fluctuation of ener)y in fly wheel.
11.Define coefficient of fluctuation of ener)y.
12.Define coefficient of fluctuation of s#eed.
13.Define coefficient of steadiness.
14.Why flywheels are needed in for)in) and #ressin) o#erations?
15.When the correction cou#le should be a##lied?
16.Draw the turnin) moment dia)ram for four stro&e -. en)ine.
1$.Define com#ound #endulum or torsional #endulum.
1%.Differentiate the function of flywheel and )overnor.
1(./ist out the few machines in which flywheel is used.
2*.tate the #rinci#le of su#er #osition.
PART*B .,1 Ma%/0
10 Derive the e,#ression for velocity and acceleration of the #iston. 1160
20 -n a reci#rocatin) en)ine mechanism2 if the cran& and connectin) rod are 3**mm
and 1m lon) res#ectively and the cran& rotates at a constant s#eed of
2**r.#.m.Determine analytically2
1. 3he cran& an)le at which the ma,imum velocity occurs and
2. 4a,imum velocity of #iston.
3. Derive the relevant equations. 1160
30 Deduce the e,#ression for the inertia force in the reci#rocatin) force ne)lectin)
the wei)ht of the connectin) rod. 1160
40 3he radius of )yration of a fly wheel is 1meter and fluctuation of s#eed is not to
e,ceed 15 of the mean s#eed of the flywheel. -f the mass of the flywheel is 334*&)
and the steam develo#s 15*6W at 135r#m2 then find2 1.4a,imum fluctuation of
ener)y22. .oefficient of fluctuation of ener)y 1160
50 3he len)th of cran& and connectin) rod of a hori7ontal reci#rocatin) en)ine are
1**mm and 5**mm res#ectively. 3he cran& is rotatin) at 4**r#m.When the cran&
has turned 3*8 from the -D.2 find analytically1.9elocity of #iston 2."cceleration of
#iston 3. "n)ular velocity of connectin) rod 4. "n)ular acceleration of connectin)
rod. 1160
60 3he len)th and connectin) rod of a hori7ontal reci#rocatin) en)ine are 2**mm
and 1meter res#ectively.3h:e cran& is rotatin) at 4**r#m.When the cran& has turned
3*8 from the inner dead center2 the difference of #ressure between cover end and
#iston rod is *.4 ;<mm2.-f the mass of the reci#rocatin) #arts is 1**6) and a
cylinder bore is *.4meters..alculate1i0-nertia force 1ii0 =orce on #iston 1iii0 >iston
effort 1iv0 3hrust on the side of the cylinder walls 1v0 3hrust in the connectin) rod
1vi0.ran& effort. 1160
$0 " hori7ontal )as en)ine runnin) at 21*r#m has a bore of 22*mm and a stro&e of
44*mm.3he connectin) rod is (24mm lon) the reci#rocatin) #arts wei)ht
2*&).When the cran& has turned throu)h an an)le of 3*8 from -D.2 the )as #ressure
on the cover and the cran& sides are 5**6;<m2 and 6*6;<m2 res#ectively.
Diameter of the #iston rod is 4*mm.Determine2 1. 3urnin) moment on the cran& shaft
2.3hrust on bearin) 3. "cceleration of the flywheel which has a mass of %&) and
radius of )yration of 6**mm while the #ower of the en)ine is 226W. 1160
%0 " sin)le cylinder vertical en)ine has a bore of 3**mm and a stro&e of 4**mm.3he
connectin) rod is 1***mm lon). 3he mass of the reci#rocatin) #arts is 14*&).?n the
e,#ansion stro&e with the cran& at 3*8from the to# dead center2 the )as #ressure is
*.$4>a.-f the runs at 25*r#m2 determine@ 1. ;et force actin) on the #iston 2.resultant
load on the )ud)eon #in 3. 3hrust on cylinder walls 4. 3he s#eed above which other
thin)s remainin) same2 )ud)eon #in loads would be reversed in direction. 1160
(0 3he turnin) moment dia)ram for a #etrol en)ine is drawn to a scale of 1mm to 6;'
('(m and the hori7ontal scale of 1mm to 18.3he turnin) moment re#eat itself after
every half revolution of the en)ine. 3he area above and below the mean torque line
are 3*52 $1*2 5*235*2(%*and 2$5mm2.3he mass of rotatin) #arts is 4*&) at a radius
of )yration of 14*mm..lculate the coefficient of fluctuation of s#eed if the mean
s#eed is 15**r#m. 1160
1*0 3he torque delivered by a two stro&e en)ine is re#resented by
3A 11***B3**sin2C '5**cos2C0 ;'m where C is the an)le turned by the cran& from
the -D..3he en)ine s#eed is 25*r#m.3he mass of the flywheel is 4**&) and radius
of )yration 4**mm.Determine21i0the #ower develo#ed 1ii0the total #ercenta)e
fluctuation of s#eed 1iii0the an)ular acceleration of flywheel when the cran& has
rotated throu)h an an)le of 6*8 from the -D.. 1iv0 the ma,imum an)ular acceleration
and retardation of the flywheel. 1160
UNIT*II
BALANCING
PART*A .2 Ma%/0
1. What is meant by balancin) of rotatin) masses?
2. Why rotatin) masses are to be dynamically balanced?
3. Define static balancin).
4. Define dynamic balancin).
5. tate the conditions for static and dynamic balancin).
6. tate the conditions for com#lete balance of several masses revolvin) in different
#lanes of a shaft.
$. Why com#lete balancin) is not #ossible in reci#rocatin) en)ine?
%. .an a sin)le cylinder en)ine be fully balanced? Why?
(. Differentiate between the unbalanced force caused due to rotatin) and
reci#rocatin) masses.
1*. Why are the cran&s of a locomotive2 with two cylinders2 #laced at (*8 to each
other?
11. /ist the effects of #artial balancin) of locomotives.
12. Define swayin) cou#le.
13. Define hammer blow with res#ect to locomotives.
14. What are the effects of hammer blow ?
15. Define direct and reverse cran&s.
16. What for the balancin) machines are used?
1$. What are different ty#es of balancin) machines?
1%. What are the effects of swayin) cou#le?
1(.Define centrifu)al force.
2*.Define tractive force.
PART*B .,1 Ma%/0
10 =our masses m12 m22 m3 and m4 are 2** &)2 3** &)2 24* &) and 26* &)
res#ectively. 3he corres#ondin) radii of rotation are *.2 m2 *.15 m2 *.25 m
and *.3 m res#ectively and the an)les between successive masses are 4582
$58 and 1358. =ind the #osition and ma)nitude of the balance mass required
by analytical method and )ra#hical method2 if its radius of rotation is *.2 m.
20 " shaft carries four masses "2 D2 . and D of ma)nitude 2** &)2 3** &)24** &)
and 2** &) res#ectively and revolvin) at radii %* mm2 $* mm2 6* mm and %* mm in
#lanes measured from " at 3** mm2 4** mm and $** mm. 3he an)les between the
cran&s measured anticloc&wise are " to D 4582 D to . $*8 and . to D 12*8. 3he
balancin) masses are to be #laced in #lanes E and F. 3he distance between the
#lanes " and E is 1** mm2 between E and F is 4** mm and between F and D is 2**
mm. -f the balancin) masses revolve at a radius of 1** mm2 find their ma)nitudes
and an)ular #ositions.
30 =our masses "2 D2 . and D as shown below are to be com#letely balanced
" D . D
4ass2 6) ''' 3* 5* 4*
Gadius 2mm 1%* 24* 12* 15*
3he #lanes containin) masses D and . are 3** mm a#art. 3he an)le between
#lanes containin) D and . is (*8. D and . ma&e an)les of 21*8 and 12*8
res#ectively with D in the same sense. =ind
1i0 3he ma)nitude and the an)ular #osition of mass "
1ii0 3he #osition of #lanes " and D.
40 "2 D2 . and D are four masses carried by a rotatin) shaft at radii 1**2 1252 2**
and 15* mm res#ectively. 3he #lanes in which the masses revolve are s#aced 6**
mm a#art and the mass of D2 . and D are 1* &)2 5 &)2 and 4 &) res#ectively. =ind
the required mass " and the relative an)ular settin)s of the four masses so that the
shaft shall be in com#lete balance.
50 " shaft carries four masses in #arallel #lanes "2 D2 . and D in this order alon) its
len)th. 3he masses at D and . are 1% &) and 12.5 &) res#ectively2 and each has an
eccentricity of 6* mm. 3he masses at " and D have an eccentricity of %* mm. 3he
an)le between the masses at D and . is 1**8 and that between the masses at D and
" is 1(*82 both bein) measured in the same direction. 3he a,ial distance between
the #lanes " and D is 1** mm and that between D and . is 2** mm. -f the shaft is in
com#lete dynamic balance2 determineH
1i0 3he ma)nitude of the masses at " and D2
1ii0 the distance between #lanes " and D and
1iii0 the an)ular #osition of the mass at D.
60 " two'cylinder uncou#led locomotive has inside cylinders *.6m a#art . 3he radius
of each cran& is 3** mm and are at ri)ht an)les . the revolvin) mass #er cylinder A
is 25* &) and the reci#rocatin) mass #er cylinder is 3** &). 3he whole of the
revolvin) and two'third of the reci#rocatin) masses to be balanced and the balancin)
masses are to be #laced in the #lanes of rotation of the drivin) wheels a radius of *.%
m . the drivin) wheels are 2 m in diameter and 1.5 m a#art. -f the s#eed of the
en)ine is %* &m<hr2 determine
a0Iammer blow2
b0 4a,imum variation in tractive force
c0 4a,imum swayin) cou#le.
$0 3he followin) data refer to a two cylinder locomotiveH
Gotatin) mass #er cylinder A 3** &)@ reci#rocatin) mass #er cylinder A 33* &)@
Distance between wheels A 15** mm@ Distance between cylinder centre A 6** mm@
diameter of trends of drivin) wheels A1%** mm@ cran& radius A 325mm@ radius of
centre of balance mass A65* mm@ /ocomotive s#eed A6* &m<hr@ "n)le between
cylinder cran&s A (*8@ Dead load on each wheel A 4* &;.
DetermineH
1i0 3he balancin) mass required in the #lanes of drivin) wheels if whole of
the revolvin) and two'third of the reci#rocatin) mass to be balanced
1ii0 3he swayin) cou#le
1iii0 3he variation in the tractive force
1iv0 3he ma,imum and minimum #ressure on the rails and
1v0 3he ma,imum s#eed of locomotive without liftin) the wheels from the
rails
%0 3he followin) #articulars are related to an outside cylinder of an uncou#led
locomotiveH
Gevolvin) mass #er cylinder A 3** &)@ Geci#rocatin) mass #er cylinder A 45* &)@
/en)th of each cran& A 35* mm@ Distance between wheels A 1.6 m@ Distance
between the cylinder centres A1.( m@ Diameter of the drivin) wheels A 2m@ Gadius of
balancin) mass A *.%m@ "n)le between the cran&s A (*8.
-f the whole of revolvin) and two'third of reci#rocatin) masses are to be balanced in
#lanes of the drivin) wheels2 determineH
1i0 4a)nitude and an)ular #ositions of the balance mass
1ii0 #eed at which the wheel will lift off the rails when the load on each
drivin) wheel is 35 &;2 and
1iii0 wayin) cou#le at s#eed arrived in 1ii0 above.
(0 3he cran& of a two cylinder uncou#led inside cylinder locomotive are at ri)ht
an)les and are 3** mm lon). 3he distance between centre lines is 65* mm. 3he
wheel central lines are 1.6 m a#art. 3he reci#rocatin) mass #air cylinder is 3** &).
3he drivin) wheel diameter is 1.% m. -f the hammer blow is not to e,ceed 45 &; at
1** &m<hr. Determine
1i0 3he fraction of the reci#rocatin) masses to be balanced
1ii0 3he variation in tractive effort
1iii0 3he ma,imum swayin) cou#le
1*. Derive the followin) e,#ression of effects of #artial balancin) in two cylinder
locomotive en)ine 1i0 9ariation of tractive force 1ii0 wayin) cou#le 1iii0 Iammer blow
1160