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OpenVMS & DCL

on Alpha & VAX
Bernhard Rabe
Server Operating Systems
July 6, 2011

Outline
Introduction
Logging On/Off
Digital Command Language (DCL)
Exercises
Resources


Introduction
Labs based on
4 x AlphaServer 1000[A] [233|266] , OpenVMS 7.3-1
VAXStation 4000-60, VAX/VMS 5.5-2
HP Integrity BL 860c, OpenVMS 8.3-1H1

AlphaServer
AlphaServer 1000 4/266 (F$GETSYI(hw_name))
64 Bit RISC Processor (Alpha AXP) (SHOW CPU/FULL)
CPU Type........... : EV45 (21064A), Pass 1.1
Speed..........: 266 Mhz
256 MB RAM (SHOW MEMORY)
SCSI-Bus
CD-ROM (DKA600:)
Floppy (DVA0:)
4 Hard Disks (DKC[0|100|200|300]:)
Node: AXP2

AlphaServer (cont.)
Software
OpenVMS 7.3-1
HP C-Compiler V6.5-001
HP FORTRAN V7.5-1
GNV 1.6-2
HP TCP/IP Services 5.3
Telnet
FTP
Zip/Unzip Tools (DISK$TOOLS:[TOOLS])





Login/Logout
1. Login
Protocol: SSH
Port: TCP/22
Host: tb0.asg-platform.org.de (141.89.226.2)
2. Login
Protocol: Telnet
Port: TCP/23
Host: AXP1,2,3,4
Password
Change the password at first login! (SET PASSWORD)
Spaces are ignored
0-32 Alphanumeric characters, Dollar sign ($) and Underscore (_)
Lowercase characters are converted to uppercase
At least 6 characters

Login/Logout (cont.)
Home directory is SYS$LOGIN
SYS$LOGIN:LOGIN.COM is executed at login
Logout
LOGOUT
LOGOUT/FULL displays used Resources (Terminal must kept
open!)

Digital Command Language
DCL Interpreter is the default shell
$ , marks a DCL Command Line
- extents a Command across multiple lines
! Commentary in DCL Command Lines
English like commands
command/qualifier parameter
command parameter/qualifier
SHOW, SET, COPY, TYPE, CREATE, EDIT




Digital Command Language
Smallest unique character sequences required
show -> sh (help show for options and qualifiers)
%DCL-W-ABKEYW, ambiguous qualifier or keyword - supply more characters
Interactive help system
help command [options]
Context depended
Available within OpenVMS programs

Definitions
Symbol
Can store information such as strings or integers
$ X = 4 , holds a value
$ PWD = SHOW DEFAULT , holds a string
$ STR := Hello World! , assigns a string, preserves Spaces
Single =, current command level only
Double == global symbol table
SHOW SYMBOL PWD


Definitions (cont.)
Logicals
SYS$STARTUP:SYLOGICALS.COM
String to specify directory sets, abbreviations, and other stuff
Interpreted by the DCL Interpreter
Stored in Tables
Process
Job
Group
System
DEFINE/<TABLE>/<Access Mode> Logical Value
DEFINE/JOB SYS$LOGIN USER:[HOME.FALKEN]
DEFINE/SYSTEM USER:[TEMP.] SYS$TEMP


Definitions (cont.)
Foreign Commands
Run programs with command line arguments
vi*m:==$ VIM:VIM.EXE
* indicates how much of the command must be typed for
it to be recognized
$ Denotes to run a program

Definitions (cont.)
Delete Symbols, Logicals, Foreign Commands
Symbol
DELETE/SYMBOL <Symbolname> [/GLOBAL,/LOCAL,/ALL]
Logical
DELETE/KEY <Logical> [/ALL]
Foreign Commands are Symbols

Strings
A := VAX VMS , Symbol A has value VAX VMS
String Reduction
B = A VAX, Symbol B evaluates to VMS
String Concatenation
C = Open + B , Symbol C has Value OpenVMS
Evaluate Symbols
D:=C
SHOW SYMBOL D
C
SHOW SYMBOL D
OpenVMS

SET PROCESS/CASE=SENSITIVE/PARSE_STYLE=EXTENDED


Lexicals
F$...
F$DIRECTORY() Current Directory
F$FAO(format,arguments,) , sprintf equivalent
F$SEARCH(), get full path a file


Directories
Directories have the extension DIR
000000.DIR;1
000000 is device/logicals root directory
Specification in Square Brackets [000000] without .DIR
Extension
Change Device & Directory
SET DEFAULT [device-name[:]][directory-spec]
SET DEFAULT SYS$LOGIN
USER:[HOME.FALKEN] on AXP
Show current Location
SHOW DEFAULT
USER:[HOME.FALKEN] on AXP



Directories (cont.)
Directory separator is . (dot)
Parent directory is (hyphen)
3 Dots in directory selection means recursive
[USER] Directory USER and all subdirectories
Directory listing
DIRECTORY [filespec[,]]
*.*;* by default
Create Directories
CREATE/DIRECTORY [.DEMO], creates subdirectory DEMO
CREATE/DIRECTORY [HOME.FALKEN.DEMO], creates
subdirectory DEMO in Directory HOME.FALKEN

Directories (cont.)
Delete Directory
Directory must be empty
DELETE [.DEMO]*.*;*
SET SECURITY/PROTECTION=(O:D) DEMO.DIR
DELETE DEMO.DIR;1
Version Limit
SET DIRECTORY/VERSION_LIMIT=xxx <DIR>
useful for Compiler Output ;)

Files
A File must have a Name or an Type Extension
A single Dot separates Name and Extension
Files can have multiple Versions
Hello.c;1 Hello.c;2 Hello.c;5
Every write creates a new version up to /VERSION_LIMIT
Read without version number opens the highest version
type Hello.c => type Hello.c;5
PURGE [filespec[,...]]
deletes all but the highest numbered version
/KEEP=<number of versions to keep>
Special Files
.COM Command Procedures, DCL scripts
.EXE Executables


File Security Settings
SET FILE
/PROTECTION, superseeded by SET SECURITY/PROTECTION
=(System,Owner,Group,World)
Access: Read,Write,Execute,Delete,Control,
SET SEC/PROT=(S:RWED,O:RWED,G:RE,W:RE) USER:[000000]000000.DIR
/VERSION_LIMIT Version Limit (default is 0 => 32K)
works only if equal or less versions at SET time
otherwise the current number of versions is kept

DCL Procedures
DCL Command Procedure
executable DCL Script, Extension .COM
@Scriptname[.COM]
Up to 8 command line arguments P1-P8

DEMO SHOWARGS.COM

Programs
Normally Extension .EXE
Execution Methods
RUN <program>
No command line arguments
Call from DCL Procedure
Up to 8 Command line arguments
Foreign Command
Command Line Definition (CLD)
DCL$PATH Logical

DEMO MAKE.COM



Editors
CREATE [file]
Sequential file
Save with CTRL+Z
APPEND
EDIT
/TPU Eve Screen Mode Editor (default)
/EDT Line Mode (OpenVMS EDT Reference Manual)
/TECO, Ed like Editor
/ACL , ACL Editor
VIM 7.1
vi*m Logical


Other things
Queues
Cluster
Shadow Sets
Distributed Lock Manager



Exercises / Challenges
1. Create customized Login Actions
LOGIN.COM
PWD, CD, Symbols
DCL$PATH Logical
2. Unzip the ZIP File in your Home Directory
DISK$TOOLS:[TOOLS]UNZIP.EXE
Execute demo_create.com in your Home Directory
RMDIR DCL Script
Delete Directory [.USERNAME] completely
3. Execute a job on the cluster batch queue
determine node name of job execution



Resources
OpenVMS Systems Documentations
http://h71000.www7.hp.com/doc/os731_index.html
OpenVMS DCL Directory (Part I & II)
http://dcl.cpenvms.org
OpenVMS EDT Manual
http://h71000.www7.hp.com/doc/73final/documentation/pdf/OVM
S_EDT_REF.pdf
TECO Text Editor and Corrector
http://h71000.www7.hp.com/doc/73final/documentation/pdf/teco.
pdf