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Struct2 Lecture Notes #2 (Truss Analysis & Deflection) PDF

This document discusses structural analysis of trusses. It defines what a truss is and common types of trusses used in construction. Trusses can be simple, compound, or complex depending on their structure. Determining whether a truss is determinate involves checking if it satisfies translational and rotational equilibrium at joints. Truss analysis methods include the method of joints and method of sections. Elastic strain energy methods are used to calculate displacements and slopes, applying the principle of conservation of energy by equating internal and external work. The virtual work method involves applying a virtual unit load to determine internal forces and the direction of displacement.

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Lowie Torres Tonio
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383 views

Struct2 Lecture Notes #2 (Truss Analysis & Deflection) PDF

This document discusses structural analysis of trusses. It defines what a truss is and common types of trusses used in construction. Trusses can be simple, compound, or complex depending on their structure. Determining whether a truss is determinate involves checking if it satisfies translational and rotational equilibrium at joints. Truss analysis methods include the method of joints and method of sections. Elastic strain energy methods are used to calculate displacements and slopes, applying the principle of conservation of energy by equating internal and external work. The virtual work method involves applying a virtual unit load to determine internal forces and the direction of displacement.

Uploaded by

Lowie Torres Tonio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Notes in Structural Analysis II Glenn M.

Pintor / De La Salle University


Truss Analysis, Elastic Strain Energy

Truss

! Structure composed of slender members joined together at their ends
! Design assumptions:
o Members are joined by smooth pins (even for welded or bolted connections):
" Ensure centrelines of joining members are concurrent at a point
" Considering the effects of having rigid connections, neglect secondary stresses
due to expected bending of member associated with internal loadings

o All loading are applied at the joints

Common types of Trusses

! Scissors for short spans requiring overhead clearance
! Howe & Pratt for moderate span of 18~30 meters
! Fan or Fink for larger spans, may be built with cambered bottom chord
! Sawtooth used where column spacing is acceptable, uniform lighting is required
! Bowstring used for garages, airplane hangars
! Arch for field houses, gymnasiums

Bridge truss components
! Deck
! Stringers
! Floor beams
! Bracing elements: lateral, sway, portal



Notes in Structural Analysis II Glenn M. Pintor / De La Salle University
Truss Analysis, Elastic Strain Energy



Classification of Simple Trusses

! Simple simplest rigid and stable framework: triangle
! Compound formed by connecting several simple trusses
! Complex



Notes in Structural Analysis II Glenn M. Pintor / De La Salle University
Truss Analysis, Elastic Strain Energy



Criterion for Determinacy

! Typical truss analysis problems involve determination of the following:
o Internal forces in b number of truss members
o External support reactions r

! Check for determinacy: assumes rotational equilibrium is automatically satisfied at the joints,
only requires to satisfy translational / force equilibrium at the joints






Notes in Structural Analysis II Glenn M. Pintor / De La Salle University
Truss Analysis, Elastic Strain Energy


Stability




Notes in Structural Analysis II Glenn M. Pintor / De La Salle University
Truss Analysis, Elastic Strain Energy

Truss Analysis

! METHOD OF JOINTS




Notes in Structural Analysis II Glenn M. Pintor / De La Salle University
Truss Analysis, Elastic Strain Energy





Notes in Structural Analysis II Glenn M. Pintor / De La Salle University
Truss Analysis, Elastic Strain Energy



EXERCISES




Notes in Structural Analysis II Glenn M. Pintor / De La Salle University
Truss Analysis, Elastic Strain Energy










Notes in Structural Analysis II Glenn M. Pintor / De La Salle University
Truss Analysis, Elastic Strain Energy

! METHOD OF SECTIONS





Notes in Structural Analysis II Glenn M. Pintor / De La Salle University
Truss Analysis, Elastic Strain Energy







Notes in Structural Analysis II Glenn M. Pintor / De La Salle University
Truss Analysis, Elastic Strain Energy

Elastic Strain Energy

! For calculation of displacements & slopes for trusses and frames (and complicated loadings in
beams), use energy methods
! Application of conservation of energy principle: work done by external forces is transformed
into internal work (or strain energy) which is developed when structure deforms

U
e
= U
i
or


! External work of force:
! External work of moment:
! Strain energy - axial force:




! Strain energy bending moment:



Notes in Structural Analysis II Glenn M. Pintor / De La Salle University
Truss Analysis, Elastic Strain Energy

Virtual Work Method



1. Apply a virtual unit load P=1 that acts in the same direction as !. This cause internal
loading u
2. Apply the real loading P
1
, P
2
, , P
n
. Suppose these cause displacement and internal
deformation dL.



where
P = 1 = external virtual unit load acting in the direction of !
u = internal virtual load acting on the element in the direction of dL
! = external displacement caused by the real loads
dL = internal deformation of the element caused by the real loads

Method of Virtual Work: Trusses

Procedure for analysis External Loading:

1. Apply virtual load P=1 on the structure in the direction of required deflection

2. Calculate the internal load, ie, axial forces n in each member due to the virtual load

3. Calculate the internal load, ie. Axial forces N in each member due to the read load.

4. Apply the equation of virtual work:

5. If the resultant sum is positive, the displacement ! is in the same direction as the
unit load. Otherwise, ! is opposite to the unit load.

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