List of Experiments
IC APPLICATIONS LAB
Minimum Twelve Experiments to be conducted :
1. Study of OP AMPs IC 741, IC 555, IC 565, IC 566, IC 1496 functioning,
parameters and Specifications.
2. OP AMP Applications Adder, Subtractor, Comparator Circuits.
3. Integrator and Differentiator Circuits using IC 741.
4. Active Filter Applications LPF, HPF (first order)
5. Active Filter Applications BPF, Band Reject (Wideband) and Notch Filters.
6. IC 741 Oscillator Circuits Phase Shift and Wien Bridge Oscillators.
7. Function Generator using OP AMPs.
8. IC 555 Timer Monostable Operation Circuit.
9. IC 555 Timer Astable Operation Circuit.
10. Schmitt Trigger Circuits using IC 741 and IC 555.
11. IC 565 PLL Applications.
12. IC 566 VCO Applications.
13. Voltage Regulator using IC 723.
14. Three Terminal Voltage Regulators 7805, 7809, 7912.
15. 4 bit DAC using OP AMP.
[Link]- ADDER, SUBTRACTOR, COMPARATORCIRCUITS
AIM:
Tostudy the applications of IC 741 as adder, subtractor, comparator.
APPARATUS:
[Link] 741
[Link] (1K)4
[Link] generator
[Link] power supply
[Link] bread board trainer
[Link]
[Link] cards and CRO probes
CIRCUIT
DIAGRAM: Adder:
Subtractor:
Comparator:
THEORY:
ADDER:
Op-Amp may beusedtodesignacircuit whose outputis the sum ofseveral input
[Link] inverting or non-
inverting summer.
[Link] input voltages
V
1
andV
2
, two input resistors R
1
, R2and a feedback resistor R
f
.
Assumingthatop-
ampisinidealconditionsandinputbiascurrentisassumedtobezero,thereisnovoltagedropacrosstheresis
torR
comp
andhencethenoninverting input terminal is atground potential.
Bytaking nodal equations.
V
1
/R
1
+V
2
/R
2
+V
0
/R
f
=0
V
0
=-[(R
f
/R
1
) V
1
+(R
f
/R
2
) V
2
]
And hereR
1
=R
2
=R
f
=1K
V
0
=-(V
1
+V
2
)
Thus output is inverted and sum ofinput.
SUBTRACTOR:
[Link] signals V1and V2and
two inputresistances R1andR2 and afeedbackresistorR
f
.The input signals scaled to the desired
values by selecting appropriate values for the external resistors.
From the figure, the output voltage ofthe differential amplifier with a gain of1 is
V
0
=-R/R
f
(V
2
-V
1
)
V
0
=V
1
-V
2
.
Also R
1
=R
2
=R
f
=1K.
Thus,theoutputvoltageV
0
is equaltothevoltageV
1
appliedtothenoninverting terminal minus
voltage V
2
applied toinverting terminal.
Hence the circuit is sub tractor.
COMPARATOR:
Acomparator is a circuitwhich compares asignal voltage applied atoneinputofanop-
[Link] loop op-amp with output
Vsatas in the ideal transfer characteristics.
ItisclearthatthechangeintheoutputstatetakesplacewithanincrementininputVi of
[Link] defined There are basically 2
types ofcomparators.
1. Non inverting comparator and.
2. Inverting comparator.
Theapplicationsofcomparatorarezerocrossingdetector ,windowdetector, time marker generator
and phase meter.
OBSERVATIONS:
ADDER:
V
1
(volts) V
2
(volts) Theoretical
V
0
=-(V
1
+V
2
)
Practical
V0 =-(V
1
+V
2
)
SUBTRACTOR:
V
1
(volts) V
2
(volts) Theoretical
V
0
=(V
1
-V
2
)
Practical
V0 =(V
1
-V
2
)
COMPARATOR:
Voltage input V
ref Observed square wave
amplitude
MODEL GRAPH:
PROCEDURE:
ADDER:
[Link] are made as per the circuit diagram.
[Link] input voltage1) V
1
=5v,V
2
=2v
2) V
1
=5v,V
2
=5v
3) V
1
=5v,V
2
=7v.
[Link] Millimeter measure the dc output voltage atthe output terminal.
[Link] different values ofV
1
and V
2
measure the output voltage.
SUBTRACTOR:
[Link] as per the circuit diagram.
[Link] input voltage1) V
1
=5v,V
2
=2v
2)
V
1
=5v,V
2
=5v
3)
V
1
=5v,V
2
=7v.
[Link] multi meter measure the dc output voltage atthe output terminal.
[Link] different values ofV
1
and V
2
measure the output voltage.
COMPARATOR:
[Link] are made as per the circuit diagram.
[Link] the sine wave of10V peak topeak ,1K Hz frequency.
[Link] the reference voltage 2V and trace the input and output wave forms.
4. Superimpose inputand output waveforms and measure sine wave amplitude
withreferencetoV
ref.
5.Repeatsteps3and 4with referencevoltagesas2V,4V,-2V,-4Vandobserve the
waveforms.
[Link] sine wave input with 5V dc voltage and V
ref
=0V.
[Link] dc voltage atoutput using CRO.
[Link] increase V
ref
voltage and observe the change in saturation voltage.
PRECAUTIONS:
[Link] null adjustment before applying the input signal.
[Link] proper Vcclevels.
RESULT:
