Problems of Vasc and Arqady

Amir Hossein Parvardi

January 6, 2011
1. Suppose that a, b, c are positive real numbers, prove that
1 <
a

a
2
+ b
2
+
b

b
2
+ c
2
+
c

c
2
+ a
2

2
2
2. If a, b, c are nonnegative real numbers, no two of which are zero, then
2

a
3
b + c
+
b
3
c + a
+
c
3
a + b

+ (a + b + c)
2
4(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
);
a
2
a + b
+
b
2
b + c
+
c
2
c + a

3(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
)
2(a + b + c)
.
3. For all reals a, b and c prove that:

cyc
(a b)(a c)

cyc
a
2
(a b)(a c)

cyc
a(a b)(a c)

2
4. Let a, b and c are non-negatives such that a + b + c + ab + ac + bc = 6.
Prove that:
4(a + b + c) + abc 13
5. Let a, b and c are non-negatives. Prove that:
(a
2
+b
2
2c
2
)

c
2
+ ab +(a
2
+c
2
2b
2
)

b
2
+ ac +(b
2
+c
2
2a
2
)

a
2
+ bc 0
6. If a, b, c are nonnegative real numbers, then

cyc
a

3a
2
+ 5(ab + bc + ca)

2(a + b + c)
2
;

cyc
a

2a(a + b + c) + 3bc (a + b + c)
2
;

cyc
a

5a
2
+ 9bc + 11a(b + c) 2(a + b + c)
2
.

Email: [email protected] , blog: http://www.math-olympiad.blogsky.com/

1
7. If a, b, c are nonnegative real numbers, then

cyc
a

2(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
) + 3bc (a + b + c)
2
;

cyc
a

4a
2
+ 5bc (a + b + c)
2
.
8. If a, b, c are nonnegative real numbers, then

cyc
a

ab + 2bc + ca 2(ab + bc + ca);

cyc
a

a
2
+ 4b
2
+ 4c
2
(a + b + c)
2
.
9. If a, b, c are nonnegative real numbers, then

a(b + c)(a
2
+ bc) 2(ab + bc + ca)
10. If a, b, c are positive real numbers such that ab + bc + ca = 3, then

cyc

a(a + b)(a + c) 6;

cyc

a(4a + 5b)(4a + 5c) 27.

11. If a, b, c are nonnegative real numbers, then

cyc
a

(a + b)(a + c) 2(ab + bc + ca);

cyc
a

(a + 2b)(a + 2c) 3(ab + bc + ca);

cyc
a

(a + 3b)(a + 3c) 4(ab + bc + ca).

12. If a, b, c are nonnegative real numbers, then

cyc
a

(2a + b)(2a + c) (a + b + c)
2
;

cyc
a

(a + b)(a + c)
2
3
(a + b + c)
2
;

cyc
a

(4a + 5b)(4a + 5c) 3(a + b + c)

2
.
2
13. If a, b, c are positive real numbers, then
a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ abc + 8 4(a + b + c);
a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ 3abc + 12 6(a + b + c);
4(a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
) + 15abc + 54 27(a + b + c).
14. If a, b, c are positive real numbers, then
a

4a
2
+ 3ab + 2b
2
+
b

4b
2
+ 3bc + 2c
2
+
c

4c
2
+ 3ca + 2a
2
1;
a

4a
2
+ 2ab + 3b
2
+
b

4b
2
+ 2bc + 3c
2
+
c

4c
2
+ 2ca + 3a
2
1;
a

4a
2
+ ab + 4b
2
+
b

4b
2
+ bc + 4c
2
+
c

4c
2
+ ca + 4a
2
1.
The last is a known inequality.
15. If a, b, c are positive real numbers, then
1 +
a
b
+
b
c
+
c
a
2

1 +
b
a
+
c
b
+
a
c
.
16. Let x, y, z be real numbers such that x +y +z = 0. Find the maximum
value of
E =
yz
x
2
+
zx
y
2
+
xy
z
2
.
17. If a.b.c are distinct real numbers, then
ab
(a b)
2
+
bc
(b c)
2
+
ca
(c a)
2
+
1
4
0.
18. If a and b are nonnegative real numbers such that a + b = 2, then
a
a
b
b
+ ab 2;
a
a
b
b
+ 3ab 4;
a
b
b
a
+ 2 3ab.
19. Let a, b, c, d and k be positive real numbers such that
(a + b + c + d)(
1
a
+
1
b
+
1
c
+
1
d
) = k
3
Find the range of k such that any three of a, b, c, d are triangle side-lengths.
20. If a, b, c, d, e are positive real numbers such that a + b + c + d + e = 5,
then
1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2
+
1
d
2
+
1
e
2
+ 9
14
5
(
1
a
+
1
b
+
1
c
+
1
d
+
1
e
).
21. Let a, b and c are non-negatives such that ab +ac +bc = 3. Prove that:
a
a + b
+
b
b + c
+
c
c + a
+
1
2
abc 2.
22. Let a, b, c and d are positive numbers such that a
4
+ b
4
+ c
4
+ d
4
= 4.
Prove that:
a
3
bc
+
b
3
cd
+
c
3
da
+
d
3
ab
4.
23. Let a b c 0 Prove that:
(a b)
5
+ (b c)
5
+ (c a)
5
0;

cyc
(5a
2
+ 11ab + 5b
2
)(a b)
5
0.
24. Let a, b and c are positive numbers. Prove that:
a
a
2
+ bc
+
b
b
2
+ ac
+
c
c
2
+ ab

3
2
3

abc
.
25. Let a, b and c are positive numbers. Prove that:

a + b
c
+

b + c
a
+

c + a
b

11(a + b + c)
3

abc
15.
26. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers. Prove that:
9a
2
b
2
c
2
+ a
2
b
2
+ a
2
c
2
+ b
2
c
2
4(ab + ac + bc) + 2(a + b + c) 0.
27. Let a, b, c, d be nonnegative real numbers such that a b c d and
3(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ d
2
) = (a + b + c + d)
2
.
Prove that
a 3b;
a 4c;
b (2 +

3)c.
28. If a, b, c are nonnegative real numbers, no two of which are zero, then
4
bc
2a
2
+ bc
+
ca
2b
2
+ ca
+
ab
2c
2
+ ab

a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
ab + bc + ca
;
2bc
a
2
+ 2bc
+
2ca
b
2
+ 2ca
+
2ab
c
2
+ 2ab
+
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
ab + bc + ca
3.
29. Let a
1
, a
2
, ..., a
n
be real numbers sucht that
a
1
, a
2
, ..., a
n
n 1

1 + (n 1)
2
, a
1
+ a
2
+ ... + a
n
= n.
Prove that
1
a
2
1
+ 1
+
1
a
2
2
+ 1
+ ... +
1
a
2
n
+ 1

n
2
.
30. Let a, b, c be nonnegative real numbers such that a + b + c = 3.
For given real p = 2, nd q such that the inequality holds
1
a
2
+ pa + q
+
1
b
2
+ pb + q
+
1
c
2
+ pc + q

3
1 + p + q
,
with two equality cases.
Some particular cases:
1
a
2
+ 2a + 15
+
1
b
2
+ 2b + 15
+
1
c
2
+ 2c + 15

1
6
;
with equality for a = 0 and b = c =
3
2
;
1
8a
2
+ 8a + 65
+
1
8b
2
+ 8b + 65
+
1
8c
2
+ 8c + 65

1
27
;
with equality for a =
5
2
and b = c =
1
4
;
1
8a
2
8a + 9
+
1
8b
2
8b + 9
+
1
8c
2
8c + 9

1
3
;
with equality for a =
3
2
and b = c =
3
4
;
1
8a
2
24a + 25
+
1
8b
2
24b + 25
+
1
8c
2
24c + 25

1
3
;
with equality for a =
1
2
and b = c =
5
4
;
1
2a
2
8a + 15
+
1
2b
2
8b + 15
+
1
2c
2
8c + 15

1
3
;
with equality for a = 3 and b = c = 0.
31. If a, b, c are the side-lengths of a triangle, then
a
3
(b + c) + bc(b
2
+ c
2
) a(b
3
+ c
3
).
5
32. Find the minimum value of k > 0 such that
a
a
2
+ kbc
+
b
b
2
+ kca
+
c
c
2
+ kab

9
(1 + k)(a + b + c)
,
for any positive a, b, c. See the nice case k = 8.
Note. Actually, this inequality (with a, b, c replaced by
1
a
,
1
b
,
1
c
) is known.
33. If a, b, c, d are nonnegative real numbers such that
a + b + c + d = 4, a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ d
2
= 7,
then
a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ d
3
16.
34. If a b c 0, then
a + b + c 3
3

abc
64(a b)
2
7(11a + 24b)
;
a + b + c 3
3

abc
25(b c)
2
7(3b + 11c)
.
35. If a b 0, then
a
ba
1 +
a b

a
.
36. If a, b (0, 1], then
a
ba
+ b
ab
2.
37. If a, b, c are positive real numbers such that a + b + c = 3, then
24
a
2
b + b
2
c + c
2
a
+
1
abc
9.
38. Let x, y, z be positive real numbers belonging to the interval [a, b]. Find
the best M (which does not depend on x, y, z) such that
x + y + z 3M
3

xyz.
39. Let a and b be nonnegative real numbers. Prove that
2a
2
+ b
2
= 2a + b 1 ab
a b
3
;
a
3
+ b
3
= 2 3(a
4
+ b
4
) + 2a
4
b
4
8.
40. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers. Prove that:
a + b + c +

ab +

ac +

bc +
3

abc
7

7

(a + b + c)(a + b)(a + c)(b + c)abc

24
.
6
41. Let a, b, c and d are non-negative numbers such that
abc + abd + acd + bcd = 4.
Prove that:
1
a + b + c
+
1
a + b + d
+
1
a + c + d
+
1
b + c + d

3
a + b + c + d

7
12
42. Let a, b, c and d are positive numbers such that
ab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd = 6.
Prove that:
1
a + b + c + 1
+
1
a + b + d + 1
+
1
a + c + d + 1
+
1
b + c + d + 1
1
43. Let x 0. Prove without calculus:
(e
x
1) ln(1 + x) x
2
.
44. Let a, b and c are positive numbers. Prove that:
a
b
+
b
c
+
c
a
+
24
3

abc
a + b + c
11.
45. For all [b]reals[/b] a, b and c such that

cyc
(a
2
+ 5ab) 0 prove that:
(a + b + c)
6
36(a + b)(a + c)(b + c)abc.
The equality holds also when a, b and c are roots of the equation:
2x
3
6x
2
6x + 9 = 0.
46. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers such that ab + ac + bc = 0.
Prove that:
(a + b)
2
a
2
+ 3ab + 4b
2
+
(b + c)
2
b
2
+ 3bc + 4c
2
+
(c + a)
2
c
2
+ 3ca + 4a
2

3
2
.
47. a, b and c are [b]real[/b] numbers such that a + b + c = 3. Prove that:
1
(a + b)
2
+ 14
+
1
(b + c)
2
+ 14
+
1
(c + a)
2
+ 14

1
6
.
48. Let a, b and c are [b]real[/b] numbers such that a + b + c = 1.
Prove that:
a
a
2
+ 1
+
b
b
2
+ 1
+
c
c
2
+ 1

9
10
.
49. Let a, b and c are positive numbers such that 4abc = a + b + c + 1.
7
Prove that:
b
2
+ c
2
a
+
c
2
+ a
2
b
+
b
2
+ a
2
c
2(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
).
50. Let a, b and c are positive numbers. Prove that:
(a + b + c)

1
a
+
1
b
+
1
b

1 + 2
3

6(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
)

1
a
2
+
1
b
2
+
1
c
2

+ 10.
51. Let a, b and c are positive numbers. Prove that:
a
2
b
+
b
2
c
+
c
2
a

37(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
) 19(ab + ac + bc)
6(a + b + c)
.
52. Let a, b and c are positive numbers such that abc = 1. Prove that
a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ 4

1
a
3
+
1
b
3
+
1
c
3

+ 48 7(a + b + c)

1
a
+
1
b
+
1
c

.
53. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers such that ab + ac + bc = 3.
Prove that:
1
1 + a
2
+
1
1 + b
2
+
1
1 + c
2

3
2
;
1
2 + 3a
3
+
1
2 + 3b
3
+
1
2 + 3c
3

3
5
;
1
3 + 5a
4
+
1
3 + 5b
4
+
1
3 + 5c
4

3
8
.
54. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers such that ab + ac + bc = 0.
Prove that
a + b + c
ab + ac + bc

a
b
2
+ bc + c
2
+
b
a
2
+ ac + c
2
+
c
a
2
+ ab + b
2

a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
a
2
b
2
+ a
2
c
2
+ b
2
c
2
.
55. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers such that ab + ac + bc = 3.
Prove that
a + b + c
3

5

a
2
b + b
2
c + c
2
a
3
;
a + b + c
3

11

a
3
b + b
3
c + c
3
a
3
.
56. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers. Prove that
(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
)
2
4(a b)(b c)(c a)(a + b + c).
57. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers. Prove that:
(a + b + c)
8
128(a
5
b
3
+ a
5
c
3
+ b
5
a
3
+ b
5
c
3
+ c
5
a
3
+ c
5
b
3
).
8
58. Let a, b and c are positive numbers. Prove that
a
2
bc
3a + b + c
+
b
2
ac
3b + a + c
+
c
2
ab
3c + a + b
0.
It seems that the inequality

cyc
a
3
bcd
7a + b + c + d
0
is also true for positive a, b, c and d.
59. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers such that ab + ac + bc = 3.
Prove that:
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ 3abc 6.
a
4
+ b
4
+ c
4
+ 15abc 18.
60. Let a, b and c are positive numbers such that abc = 1. Prove that
a
2
b + b
2
c + c
2
a

3(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
).
61. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers such that ab + ac + bc = 0.
Prove that:
1
a
3
+ 3abc + b
3
+
1
a
3
+ 3abc + c
3
+
1
b
3
+ 3abc + c
3

81
5(a + b + c)
3
.
62. Let m
a
, m
b
and m
c
are medians of triangle with sides lengths a, b, c.
Prove that
m
a
+ m
b
+ m
c

3
2

2(ab + ac + bc) a
2
b
2
c
2
.
63. Let a, b and c are positive numbers. Prove that:
a + b + c
9
3

abc

a
2
4a
2
+ 5bc
+
b
2
4b
2
+ 5ca
+
c
2
4c
2
+ 5ab
.
64. Let {a, b, c, d} [1, 2]. Prove that
16(a
2
+ b
2
)(b
2
+ c
2
)(c
2
+ d
2
)(d
2
+ a
2
) 25(ac + bd)
4
.
65. Let a, b and c are positive numbers. Prove that

cyc

a
2
ab + b
2

10(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
) ab ac bc
3(a + b + c)
.
9
66. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers. Prove that:

cyc

2(a
2
+ b
2
) 3

cyc
(a + b)
3
.
67. Let a, b and c are positive numbers. Prove that:
a
b
+
b
c
+
c
a

15(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
)
ab + bc + ca
6.
68. Let a, b, c, d and e are non-negative numbers. Prove that

(a + b)(b + c)(c + d)(d + e)(e + a)

32

128

a + b + c + d + e
5

125
(abcde)
103
.
69. Let a, b and c are positive numbers. Prove that
a
2
b + a
2
c + b
2
a + b
2
c + c
2
a + c
2
b 6

a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
ab + ac + bc
4
5
abc.
70. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers such that a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
= 3.
Prove that
(a + b
2
c
2
)(b + a
2
c
2
)(c + a
2
b
2
) 8a
2
b
2
c
2
.
71. Given real dierent numbers a, b and c. Prove that:
(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
ab bc ca)
3
(a b)(b c)(c a)

1
(a b)
3
+
1
(b c)
3
+
1
(c a)
3

405
16
When the equality occurs?
72. Let x = 1, y = 1 and x = 1 such that xyz = 1. Prove that:
x
2

x 1

2
+
y
2

y 1

2
+
z
2

z 1

2
1.
When the equality occurs?
73. Let a, b, and c are non-negative numbers such that a + b + c = 3.
Prove that:
a
5
+ b
5
+ c
5
+ 6 3(a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
).
74.a > 1, b > 1 and c > 1. Find the minimal value of the expression:
a
3
a + b 2
+
b
3
b + c 2
+
c
3
c + a 2
.
10
75. For all non-negative a, b and c prove that:
(ab c
2
)(a + b c)
3
+ (ac b
2
)(a + c b)
3
+ (bc a
2
)(b + c a)
3
0.
76. Let a, b, c and d are positive numbers such that a
4
+ b
4
+ c
4
+ d
4
= 4.
Prove that
a
2
b
+
b
2
c
+
c
2
d
+
d
2
a
4.
Remark. This inequality is not true for the condition a
5
+b
5
+c
5
+d
5
= 4.
77. Let a, b and c are positive numbers such that
1

a
+
1

b
+
1

c
= 3.
Prove that
1
a + b
+
1
a + c
+
1
b + c

3
2
.
78. Let a, b and c are positive numbers such that abc = 1. Prove that:
(a + b + c)
3
63

1
5a
3
+ 2
+
1
5b
3
+ 3
+
1
5c
3
+ 2

.
79. Let a, b and c are positive numbers such that
max{ab, bc, ca}
ab + ac + bc
2
, a + b + c = 3.
Prove that
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
a
2
b
2
+ b
2
c
2
+ c
2
a
2
.
80. Let a, b and c are positive numbers such that a +b +c = 3. Prove that:
a
2
3a + b
2
+
b
2
3b + c
2
+
c
2
3c + a
2

3
4
.
81. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers and k 2. Prove that

2a
2
+ 5ab + 2b
2
+

2a
2
+ 5ac + 2c
2
+

2b
2
+ 5bc + 2c
2
3(a + b + c);

cyc

a
2
+ kab + b
2

4(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
) + (3k + 2)(ab + ac + bc).
82. Let x, y and z are non-negative numbers such that x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
= 3.
Prove that:
x

x
2
+ y + z
+
y

x + y
2
+ z
+
z

x + y + z
2

3.
83. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers such that a + b + c = 3.
Prove that
a + b
ab + 9
+
a + c
ac + 9
+
b + c
bc + 9

3
5
.
11
84. If x, y, z be positive reals, then
x

x + y
+
y

y + z
+
z

z + x

27(yz + zx + xy)
4
.
85. For positive numbers a, b, c, d, e, f and g prove that:
a + b + c + d
a + b + c + d + f + g
+
c + d + e + f
c + d + e + f + b + g
>
e + f + a + b
e + f + a + b + d + g
.
86. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers. Prove that:
a

4a
2
+ 5b
2
+ b

4b
2
+ 5c
2
+ c

4c
2
+ 5a
2
(a + b + c)
2
.
87. Let a, b and c are positive numbers. Prove that:
a
b
+
b
c
+
c
a
+
(4

2 3)(ab + ac + bc)
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
4

2.
88. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers such, that a
4
+ b
4
+ c
4
= 3.
Prove that:
a
5
b + b
5
c + c
5
a 3.
89. Let a and b are positive numbers, n N. Prove that:
(n + 1)(a
n+1
+ b
n+1
) (a + b)(a
n
+ a
n1
b + + b
n
).
90. Find the maximal , for which the following inequality
a
3
b + b
3
c + c
3
a + abc 27
holds for all non-negative a, b and c such that a + b + c = 4.
91. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers. Prove that
3
9

a
9
+ b
9
+ c
9
3

10

a
10
+ b
10
2
+
10

a
10
+ c
10
2
+
10

b
10
+ c
10
2
.
92. Let a and b are positive numbers and 2

3 k 2 +

3. Prove that

a +

a + kb
+
1

b + ka

1 + k
.
93. Let a, b and c are nonnegative numbers, no two of which are zeros.
Prove that:
a
b
2
+ c
2
+
b
a
2
+ c
2
+
c
a
2
+ b
2

3(a + b + c)
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ ab + ac + bc
.
12
94. Let x, y and z are positive numbers such that xy + xz + yz = 1.
Prove that
x
3
1 4y
2
xz
+
y
3
1 4z
2
yx
+
z
3
1 4x
2
yz

(x + y + z)
3
5
.
95. Let a, b and c are positive numbers such that a
6
+ b
6
+ c
6
= 3.
Prove that:
(ab + ac + bc)

a
2
b
2
+
b
2
c
2
+
c
2
a
2

9.
96. Let a, b and c are positive numbers. Prove that
3

a
2b + 25c
+
3

b
2c + 25a
+
3

c
2a + 25b
1.
97. Let a, b and c are sides lengths of triangle. Prove that
(a + b)(a + c)(b + c)
8

(2a + b)(2b + c)(2c + a)
27
.
98. Let a, b and c are non-negative numbers. Prove that
3

(2a + b)(2b + c)(2c + a)

27

ab + ac + bc
3
.
99. Let a, b and c are positive numbers. Prove that

a
3
b
3
+ (c + a)
3
+

b
3
c
3
+ (a + b)
3
+

c
3
a
3
+ (b + c)
3
1.
100. Let x, y and z are non-negative numbers such that xy + xz + yz = 9.
Prove that
(1 + x
2
)(1 + y
2
)(1 + z
2
) 64.
END.
13