Part 1: Prefabricated Tanks - Packaged

Plants
SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
Technical Standards and Compliance Division
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)




No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, stored in a
retrieval system, or reduced to any electronic medium without the written authority of
National Water Services Commission.


National Water Services Commission and Registered Certifying Agencies employees
are permitted to copy and use the information in this publication, for internal
purposes only.


Changes may be made periodically to the information herein.










First Edition
October 2010
Revision March 2013



Published by

Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara
(National Water Services Commission)
Prima Avenue 7, Block 3510
J alan Teknokrat 6
63000 Cyberjaya Selangor
Malaysia
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)

FOREWORD

National Water Services Commission (SPAN) was established in 2008 to regulate
the water services industry in Malaysia. SPAN envisions a sustainable, reliable and
affordable water services for all by regulating the water services industry through fair,
effective and transparent implementation of the Water Services Act (Act 655). Since
inception in 2008, SPAN has been striving to institute improvements in term of
standards and performance in the countrys water and sewerage services sector.

SPAN aims to enhance efforts towards improving standards, quality and operational
efficiency of water and sewerage services industry to ensure sustainability. One of
the approaches is to achieve higher standards and quality by developing technical
specifications for products and systems used in the industry. Hence, Technical
Working Groups had been formed by Sewerage Regulatory Department to formulate
technical and performance specifications for adoption in sewerage industry.

This Technical Specification is a result of joint effort by members from various
relevant stakeholders of the industry. This series of Technical Specification consists
of the following parts, under the general title Sewage Treatment System:

Part 1: Prefabricated tanks Packaged Plants

Part 2: Construction and Installation - Packaged Plants

The specification contains key criteria on packaged plants made of prefabricated
tanks covering operational requirements, performance criteria, test methods,
marking and evaluation of conformity for packaged plants used for the treatment of
sewage with population equivalents between 150 and 5000.

The continual development of technical and performance specifications is crucial in
moving the industry towards higher standards which will uplift the image of local
sewerage industry. With the publication of this Technical Specification, it is hoped
that it will contribute towards a better planned and well organized development of
new sewerage systems to fulfil whole life infrastructure obligations.

As more than 50% of the systems installed on the ground are packaged plants using
prefabricated tanks, hence the best practices, quality and performance measurement
standards must be established to ensure its long lasting performance and durability.




SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To date SPAN had published 3 volumes of Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guideline
which are used extensively nationwide. Meanwhile this publication is the first effort
by SPAN to produce technical specification. It would not had been possible without
the joint effort of industry stakeholders namely representatives from Association of
Environmental Consultants and Contractors of Malaysia (AECCOM), J abatan
Perkhidmatan Pembetungan (J PP), Indah Water Konsortium (IWK), SIRIM Berhad
and IKRAM QA Services Sdn. Bhd.. TWG reports to the Commission via System,
Product, Material and Research & Development Committee to seek endorsement for
implementation of Technical Specification in the industry. The commitment and
cooperation showed by the members of TWG must be applauded. We also would
like to record our utmost appreciation for stakeholders whom had participated in the
publication of the technical specification draft for public comments. We are planning
for many more technical specifications publication with such continuous support for
industry players.

The System, Product, Material and Research & Development Committee of National
Water Services Commission (SPAN) comprises of representatives from:

Department of Standards Malaysia (DSM)
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI)
National Water Services Commission (SPAN)
Public Works Department Malaysia (PWD)
Sewerage Services Department (J PP)
Water Supply Department (J BA)

The Technical Working Group for Technical Specification of Sewage Treatment
Systems, Part 1: Prefabricated Tanks - Packaged Plants consists of representatives
from:

Association of Environmental Consultants and Companies of Malaysia (AECCOM)
Indah Water Konsortium Sdn. Bhd. (IWK)
National Water Services Commission (SPAN)
Sewerage Services Department (J PP)
SIRIM QAS International Sdn. Bhd.
IKRAM QA Services Sdn. Bhd.






SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)


COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION

Members of Technical Working Group on Technical Specification for Sewage
Treatment Systems, Part 1: Prefabricated Tanks - Packaged Plants:

Mr. Ahmad Rozian bin Othman J PP/SPAN
Ms. Punita Nook Naidu SPAN
Ir. J amaiatul-Lailah binti Mohd. J ais SPAN
Mr. Iwan Nazri bin Mohd. Nordin SPAN
Mr. Mohd. Roslee bin Mahyudin SPAN
Mr. Bazlan bin Mohd Noor SPAN
Mr. Abd. Ghani bin Mat Daud SPAN
Ms. Sumaiyah binti Hassan Basri J PP
Ir. Abd. Rashid bin Abd. Rahman IWK
Ir. Khor Bee Chin IWK
Ms. Ho Yoke Ping IWK
Mr. Ruzaini Ahmad J ani IWK
Ms. Sim Lee Gaik IWK
Ms. Sitti Ratna binti Che Soh IWK
Mr. Hamim bin Imam Mustamin SIRIM QAS International Sdn. Bhd.
Ms. Wan Norisah binti Wan Awang SIRIM QAS International Sdn. Bhd.
Mr. Azmi bin Musa SIRIM QAS International Sdn. Bhd.
Mr. Waheedir Yahaya SIRIM QAS International Sdn. Bhd.
Engr. Hj Yahya Ariffin IKRAM QA Services Sdn. Bhd.
Ms. Zaiton Abd Rahman IKRAM QA Services Sdn. Bhd.
Mr. Nasrul Najaha IKRAM QA Services Sdn. Bhd.
Ir. Choo Hock Tin AECCOM
Ir. Norman Wong AECCOM

SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)

i


Contents Page

1 Scope ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Structural design ....................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ........................................................................................... 2
3 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................... 2
4 General requirements .......................................................................................... 4
4.1 Nominal designation (ND) ......................................................................... 4
4.2 Identification .............................................................................................. 5
4.3 Engineering calculations and drawings ..................................................... 5
5 Design requirements ............................................................................................ 5
5.1 General ...................................................................................................... 5
5.2 Serviceable life span ................................................................................. 5
5.3 Load bearing capacity ............................................................................... 6
5.4 Design basis for prefabricated tank .......................................................... 6
5.5 Anchorage ................................................................................................. 7
5.6 Inlet and outlet pipe ................................................................................... 7
5.7 Inspection opening .................................................................................... 7
5.8 Inspection cover ........................................................................................ 8
6 Performance requirements .................................................................................. 9
6.1 Integrity ...................................................................................................... 9
6.2 Lifting system loading ................................................................................ 9
6.3 Structural strength ................................................................................... 10
6.3.1 General ......................................................................................... 10
6.3.2 External hydrostatic pressure test ................................................ 10
6.3.3 Vacuum test ................................................................................. 10
6.3.4 Top loading test ............................................................................ 10
6.4 Water tightness ....................................................................................... 10
6.5 Compartmentalisation ............................................................................. 11
6.6 J oints ....................................................................................................... 11
6.7 Impact resistance .................................................................................... 11
7 Glass fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) tank ........................................................... 11
7.1 Scope ...................................................................................................... 11
7.2 Materials .................................................................................................. 12

ii

7.2.1 Resin ............................................................................................ 12
7.2.2 Glass fibre .................................................................................... 12
7.2.3 Gelcoats ....................................................................................... 12
7.3 Composition ............................................................................................ 12
7.4 Dimension and thickness ........................................................................ 12
7.5 Surface finish and appearance ............................................................... 13
7.6 Durability ................................................................................................. 13
8 Polyethylene (PE) tank....................................................................................... 13
8.1 Scope ...................................................................................................... 13
8.2 Materials .................................................................................................. 14
8.3 Composition ............................................................................................ 14
8.4 Dimension and thickness ........................................................................ 15
8.5 Surface finish and appearance ............................................................... 15
8.6 Durability ................................................................................................. 15
9 Marking and labelling ......................................................................................... 15
9.1 Permanence and visibility ....................................................................... 15
9.2 Prefabricated tank ................................................................................... 16
9.3 Inspection cover ...................................................................................... 16
10 Evaluation of conformity ..................................................................................... 16
10.1 General .................................................................................................... 16
10.2 Initial type tests ........................................................................................ 17
10.3 Factory production control ....................................................................... 17
10.3.1General ......................................................................................... 17
10.3.2Raw materials and components ................................................... 17
10.3.3Production process ....................................................................... 17
10.3.4Finished product testing ............................................................... 18
10.3.5Stock control ................................................................................. 18
10.4 Conditions of testing ................................................................................ 18
10.4.1General ......................................................................................... 18
10.4.2Conditioning of test specimen ...................................................... 18
10.4.3Testing specimen ......................................................................... 19
10.4.4Test record ................................................................................... 19
10.5 Responsibility and testing location .......................................................... 19


iii

Figure 5.1 Definition for parameters of load ................................................................. 7
Figure 5.2 Typical inspection cover 9
Figure 9.1 Typical marking and labelling for inspection covers ................................. 16
Figure C1 Scheme of the principle for the pit test 29
Figure F1 Height for filling 34

Table 5.1 Minimum serviceable life span for water retaining structure 6
Table 5.2 Performance criteria for inspection cover 8
Table 7.1 Durability criteria of FRP tank at 27C 5C 13
Table 8.1 Durability criteria of PE tank at 27C 5C 15
Table 10.1 Initial type test for prefabricated tank 20
Table 10.2 On-going test for prefabricated tank 22
Table B1 Maximum influent daily loads and effluent quality 25
Table B2 Maximum hydraulic daily flow on population equivalent basis 25

Annex A Normative reference 23
Annex B Maximum influent daily loads, effluent quality and hydraulic daily flow 25
Annex C Determination of resistance to external pressure 27
Annex D Determination of resistance to external load (vacuum test) 30
Annex E Determination of resistance to top load (top loading test) 31
Annex F Determination of watertightness (leakage test) 33
Annex G Determination of the resistance of a partition wall to a hydrostatic head 35
Annex H Determination of the installation of fittings in a sound structure and
watertight manner 36
Annex J Determination of impact resistance for FRP tank 37
Annex K Determination of dimensions (dimensional test) 38
Annex L Determination of the hardness of FRP composites 39
Annex M Method for determination of toluene extract of carbon black 40


SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
1

1 Scope
Part 1 of this Technical Specification specifies the requirements for packaged
sewage treatment plant (hereafter called packaged plant) consisting prefabricated
tanks made of glass fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) or polyethylene (PE) to serve
between 150 and 5000 population equivalents. This specification applies to
packaged plant where all prefabricated tanks and their accessories are off site
assembled in the factory by one manufacturer and tested as a whole.

The specification includes performance requirements and associated test methods
for the prefabricated tanks and their accessories that are installed buried in the
ground with no vehicles loads are applied above it. Other materials which comply
with the requirements of this specification may also be used.

The specification also covers marking requirements and evaluation of conformity for
the prefabricated tanks.

The construction and installation requirements of packaged plant are detailed out in
SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2012).

The specification excludes the design of treatment process, mechanical and
electrical components and control and instrumentation needs. All these components
shall be designed to the best engineering practice in compliance with the Guidelines
and standards recognised by the Commission, by-laws, regulations and other
regulatory agencies requirements relevant to the aspects.

1.1 Structural design
Specific design for the prefabricated tank by a competent engineer using appropriate
design methodologies and relevant standards is to be carried out when any of the
following conditions apply:
a. The tank is to be installed above ground level and or in high water table area;
b. The tank needs to be protected from UV attacks.
Note. High water table refers to the level of water table higher than soffit level of the buried package plant.

SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
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2 Normative references
The documents and publications that are requisite for the application of this
specification are listed in Annex A. For dated references, only the edition cited
applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.


3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this specification, the terms and definitions given in MS 1228,
EN 1085:2007 and the following apply:

3.1 anchorage
device/technique for holding the tank in the ground against hydrostatic uplift pressure

3.2 assembly
component or equipment that can be removed and replaced as a whole
Note. Example of an assembly is a pump, an air blower, a diffuser etc

3.3 compartmentalisation
section within a tank divided by a partition

3.4 desludging
removal of accumulated sludge from sludge holding tank

3.5 extension shaft
component(s) or structure used to bring the inspection opening and cover to finished
ground level or slightly above the ground surface
Note. Extension shaft permits maintenance work and observation

3.6 equipment
any component which is installed in, mounted on, attached to, or operated on
structures in the performance of their intended function

SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
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3.7 initial type test
an examination which confirms the required technical utility properties and usability,
performed before launching the product on the market and for usage

3.8 inspection opening
opening in top surface of prefabricated tank fitted with a cover to allow access for
visual inspection of interior and contents of the tank, maintenance work, but not
intended for man entry

3.9 laminate
for glass fibre manufacturing, the layer or layers of reinforcement impregnated with
polyester or other resin forming a thick structural membrane, excluding the gel-coat

3.10 lateral load
load applied sideways onto a buried tank due to the combined effects of soil, water
and traffic

3.11 packaged plant
prefabricated factory-built tanks and components of sewage treatment installation
assembled off site by one manufacturer, which accepts sewage and treats it to a
declared quality

3.12 partition wall
internal wall within a prefabricated tank

3.13 performance criteria
qualitative or quantitative description of the operational performance

3.14 product range
group of products in which, for the purpose of evaluation, the selected property(s)
is/are similar for all products within the group
Note. Range takes into account at least similar shape, equipment, materials and conditions of use and ensures
the minimum level of performance (hydraulic efficiency and structural behaviour) for all the products in the range

SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
4

3.15 production batch
a number of tanks, all of them has the same design, manufactured from the same
material on the same machine or method.

3.16 sample
one or more units of product drawn from a batch, selected at random without regard
to quality, the number of units of product in the sample being the sample size

3.17 serviceable life span
period of time in which under normal conditions and with routine maintenance, the
packaged plant perform satisfactorily without failure
Note. Serviceable life span is different from both the warranty time and average service life of use, as used for
cost efficiency calculations

3.18 structure
any construction and its components built for the accommodation of equipment

3.19 testing agency
an organisation accredited as a third party quality management certification body or
an accreditation body recognised by Department of Standards Malaysia

3.20 unit process
any structure including any related equipment which is used as a process stage and
which can be isolated from other parallel, upstream or downstream structures
Note. Examples for a unit are a screen chamber, an aeration tank, a clarifier, a sludge holding tank


4 General requirements
4.1 Nominal designation (ND)
The packaged plant is designated by preferred ND on the basis of:
a. Maximum influent organic daily loads expressed in miligram per litres (mg/l);
b. Maximum effluent quality expressed in miligram per litres (mg/l); and
c. Maximum hydraulic daily flow for both average (Q
Nave
) and peak (Q
Npeak
) values
expressed in cubic metres per day (m
3
/d).
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
5

The nominal designation shall be declared for each size of the packaged plant as
guided by Annex B.

4.2 Identification
Requirement for identification of packaged plant is to follow the sequence of code
with maximum characters as shown below.

AAA/BBB/1234/CCC Example: XXS/HKA/3000/CAS
whereby; AAA - Name of company
BBB - Brand
1234 - Design population equivalent of packaged plants
CCC - Type of treatment process

4.3 Engineering calculations and drawings
Engineering calculations and drawings for process and structural aspects of
packaged plant and prefabricated tanks together with their components and
accessories shall be provided and endorsed by a Professional Engineer.


5 Design requirements
5.1 General
The requirements in this specification shall be in addition to those specified in
Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guidelines (MSIG).

5.2 Serviceable life span
The water retaining structure components of package plant shall have a minimum
serviceable life span against defects, deterioration and total failure as of shown in
Table 5.1 below.

The serviceable life span shall be verified using appropriate design methodologies
and relevant standards and to be endorsed by a Professional Engineer.


SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
6

Table 5.1 Minimum serviceable life span for water retaining structure
Type of water retaining structure Serviceable life span
Prefabricated FRP tank
50 years
Prefabricated PE tank

5.3 Load bearing capacity
The load bearing capacity for fully equipped packaged plant shall be determined
through both appropriate tests and calculations made to prove the structural
adequacy. For calculations, loads at the maximum installed depth shall be taken into
account including consideration of the following loads:
a. Backfill load the load that shall take into account effect of ground conditions,
backfill materials and tank shape factor.
b. Hydrostatic loads where the highest level of groundwater table is above bottom
of the tank, stability conditions of the plants in relation to water pressure shall be
taken into account.
c. Pedestrian loads when the depth of cover is more than 1000 mm, pedestrian
loading is assumed to be negligible against other action.

The load bearing capacity determination and calculations shall be endorsed by a
Professional Engineer.

5.4 Design basis for prefabricated tank
All prefabricated tanks shall be structurally designed to withstand the maximum earth
load equivalent to an overburden depth of 1000 mm at maximum depth of cover of
1000 mm. Figure 5.1 illustrated definition of parameters that shall be considered to
determine the structural strength of the tanks.

The prefabricated tanks shall be capable of withstanding loads imposed on its roof
and walls i.e. top and lateral loads during and after installation. Account shall be
taken of any load imposed on tank structure as a result of the technique used to
anchor the tanks in the ground. The resistance to transport and installation loads
shall also be considered in the structural design of the tanks.
The design of the prefabricated tanks shall be endorsed by a Professional Engineer.
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
7













5.5 Anchorage
A corrosion-resistant means of anchorage system consisting straps, cables,
turnbuckles and anchor hooks shall have strength of at least 1.5 times of maximum
uplift force of an empty prefabricated tank without backfill in place. The anchorage
shall be designed using appropriate design methodologies and relevant standards
and be endorsed by a Professional Engineer.

5.6 Inlet and outlet pipe
All openings for pipes connection of the prefabricated tanks shall be pre-fitted at the
factory with a socket, a spigot, a flange or a 300 mm length short piece of pipe.

5.7 Inspection opening
The inspection opening shall be located on top of the prefabricated tank except at
assembly joints, rib or reinforced ring location and shall not be less than 600 mm in
dimension. When an inspection opening is located over a partition and provides
access to two compartments in the tank, the minimum dimension of the opening to
each compartment shall not be less than 300 mm.

The collar of the inspection opening to place the inspection cover shall be raised to a
minimum height of 150 mm above ground level.

H total depth of the plants

HW height of exterior water level
(groundwater)

K coefficient of horizontal soil
pressure

h depth of cover from the top of
the tank to ground level

GL ground level

TWL top water level
Outlet
Inlet
HW
h
H
TWL
GL
Figure 5.1 Definition for parameters of loads
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
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5.8 Inspection cover
Covers for inspection openings shall:
a. have a size of 600 mm x 600 mm or 600 mm diameter;
b. be securely fitted and attached to the opening with a corrosion-resistant means of
frame support and hinge;
c. provide a corrosion-resistant means of lifting;
d. have mechanism preventing it from being accidentally shut;
e. provide an effective, durable and airtight seal;
f. be sufficiently protected during its serviceable life, which similar to the
prefabricated tanks against degradation due to exposure to UV light and
corrosion due to exposure to corrosive sewage environment; and
g. be able to withstand superimposed loads at operating temperature of 27C to
35C with incorporation of thermal expansion and contraction complying with the
requirements as shown in Table 5.2. The performance criteria of the cover shall
be proven using appropriate design methodologies and relevant standards and
be endorsed by a Professional Engineer.

For inspection opening bigger than size of inspection cover, corrosion-resistant
means of bracing to support the cover shall be provided.

Table 5.2 Performance criteria for inspection cover
Parameter Performance criteria
Load bearing capacity 3.5 kN/m
2

Maximum deflection limit
10 mm or the span divided by
200, whichever is smaller
Design safety factor
4:1 for allowable stresses shall
be met for all load combinations

The typical inspection cover is shown in Figure 5.2.





SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
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6 Performance requirements
6.1 Integrity
The integrity of prefabricated tank shall be such that no full penetration crack shall
develop a width greater than 0.1 mm (approximately) during any stage of production.
Further widening or lengthening of any crack shall not occur during subsequent
handling, installation or use.

6.2 Lifting system loading
The lifting system of prefabricated tank shall comply with at least one of the following
requirements:
a. When subjected to 6 minutes of vertical force equal to five (5) times the weight of
the tank, breaking shall not occur; or
150 (min)
150 (min)
Y
Y
Y
Y
AAA/BBB/1234/CC
BA
LAN
C
IN
G
TAN
K
X
X
6
0
0
600
6
0
0
X
X
NOTES :-
1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED.
STAINLESS STEEL HINGE
30mmFONT SIZE
AAA/BBB/1234/CC
BALANCING TANK
3.0(L)X3.5(W)X3.2(D)
GFRP/HDPE/CI MANHOLE COVER
STAINLESS STEEL HANDLE
STAINLESS STEEL HINGE
GFRP/HDPE/CI MANHOLE COVER
PREFABRICATED TANK GL
6 x 100 (min.)
STAILESS
STEEL HINGE
GFRP/HDPE/CI
MANHOLE COVER
PREFABRICATED
TANK
GL
STAINLESS STEEL
HINGE
30mmFONT SIZE
AAA/BBB/1234/CC
BALANCING TANK
3.0(L)X3.5(W)X3.2(D)
GFRP/HDPE/CI MANHOLE COVER
STAINLESS STEEL HANDLE
STIFFENER
600
50
PLAN
PLAN
SECTION Y-Y
SECTION X-X
Figure 5.2 Typical inspection cover
AAA/BBB/1234/CCC
BALANCING TANK
3.0(L)x3.5(W)X3.2(D)
SPECIFICATION NO.
CERTIFICATION NO.
FRP
NON-CORROSIVE HINGE
30mmFONT SIZE
NON-CORROSIVE HANDLE
INSPECTION COVER
NON-CORROSIVE HINGE
30mmFONT SIZE
INSPECTION COVER
NON-CORROSIVE HANDLE
600
6
0
0

NON-CORROSIVE HINGE
INSPECTION COVER
PREFABRICATED TANK
INSPECTION COVER
PREFABRICATED TANK

150 (MIN.)

GL
STIFFENER
6 X 100 (MIN.)
NON-CORROSIVE HANDLE
6
0
0


150 (MIN.)
GL
AAA/BBB/1234/CCC
BALANCING TANK
3.0(L)x3.5(W)X3.2(D)
SPECIFICATION NO.
CERTIFICATION NO.
FRP
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
10

b. When lifted using the manufacturer's nominated lifting method, there shall be no
structural failure or visible cracking after being lifted and remained in lifted
position for one hour.

6.3 Structural strength
6.3.1 General
The structural strength for prefabricated tank of packaged plant shall be determined
by crushing resistance or maximum load deformation through either one test
methods described below. This clause gives the way to test the structural behaviour
of the tank which is installed buried in the ground.

6.3.2 External hydrostatic pressure test
The prefabricated tank shall be designed so that there shall be no damage, structural
failure, undue distortion, leakage or in surface cracking in excess of that permitted
specified in 6.1 due to external hydrostatic groundwater and soil loading of 11 kPa/m
depth acting on an empty tank. Verification test methods shall be conducted
according to Annex C.

6.3.3 Vacuum test
For FRP tank, vacuum test may be carried as an alternative to test the structural
strength of the tank to withstand the external pressure. The verification test method
shall be in accordance with Annex D.

6.3.4 Top loading test
For PE tank, top loading test may be carried out as an alternative test to determine
the structural strength of the tank. Verification test methods shall be conducted in
accordance with Annex E.

6.4 Water tightness
When assembled and ready for use, the tank shall be watertight up to the height
declared by the manufacturer together with the fittings and covers. The height of tank
is equivalent to the minimum declared height that shall be top of the tank as shown
in Figure F1. Tank shall meet the criteria according to test methods in Annex F.
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
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6.5 Compartmentalisation
When a single prefabricated tank is divided into different compartments by partition
walls, assumptions regarding the arrangement of liquid loading shall cause critical
effects. Hence the following concerns must be addressed:
a. Particular attention shall be given to possible sliding and overturning of the
partition walls due to differential in moment.
b. The partition walls shall be structurally sound and fixed without diminishing the
integrity of tank.

The partition walls shall be permanently fastened in place or form an integral part of
the prefabricated tanks structure. The verification test shall be conducted in
accordance with Annex G.

6.6 Joints
The joints between fittings and the wall of prefabricated tanks as well as between
tank components such as the wall and lid, shall have a durable watertight seal, and
have sufficient integral strength and flexibility to maintain a sound structure. The
verification test for joints shall be conducted in accordance with Annex H.

6.7 Impact resistance
For FRP tank, the impact resistance tests shall be conducted in accordance with
Annex J .


7 Glass fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) tank
7.1 Scope
This clause covers the construction of FRP tank and other components using
fiberglass reinforced resin. The use of other fibres or other resins is not excluded
provided that the provisions of this specification are met.
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
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7.2 Materials
7.2.1 Resin
The resin shall be polyester resin or equivalent resin that has a minimum heat
distortion temperature of 65C when tested in accordance with MS ISO 75-2 or
equivalent and is capable of being used in the manufacture of a laminate that
complies with 7.3.

7.2.2 Glass fibre
The reinforcing material shall be a suitable grade of fiberglass having a glass finish
compatible with the resin used and complying with BS 3396-3, BS 3749, EN 14020-3
and EN 14118-3 as appropriate.

7.2.3 Gelcoats
A polyester gelcoat or other equivalent polyester gelcoat shall be a suitable chemical
resistant resin with a minimum heat distortion temperature of 65C when tested with
MS ISO 75-3 or equivalent.

7.3 Composition
The laminate shall contain not less than 30% of glass strands. No fillers or pigments
shall be included in the laminate. Any parts or surfaces that are exposed to the sun
shall be constructed with ultraviolet-light inhibitors added to the laminate.

7.4 Dimension and thickness
Internal dimensions of the tank and other components made of FRP shall be as
declared by the manufacturer.

The manufacturer shall declare the minimum thickness of the wall, end panel,
partition wall and all other internal components of the tank and other components
made of FRP. Change in thickness shall be by smooth transitions.

A verification test shall be in accordance with Annex K.

SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
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7.5 Surface finish and appearance
The internal surface and all mating surfaces of joints shall be smooth. Both internal
and external surfaces shall be free from irregularities which would impair the ability
of the tank or joint. The surface shall not be tacky.

The exterior surface shall be relatively smooth with no sharp projections and be free
of blisters larger than 15mm in diameter, delaminating, and fibre show.

The interior surface shall be resin rich with no exposed fibres. The surface shall be
free of crazing, delamination, blisters and wrinkles of 3.5mm or greater in depth.

7.6 Durability
In addition to the tests specified in clause 6, the criteria as specified in Table 7.1
shall be tested to verify durability of the tank at 27C 5C. The test specimens shall
be prepared in accordance with ISO 1268-4.

Table 7.1 Durability criteria of FRP tank at 27C 5C
Criteria Properties Testing standards
Flexural strength 110 MPa ISO 14125
Modulus of elasticity 4830 MPa ISO 14125
Barcol hardness 35 Annex L
Water absorption 0.75% ISO 62
Glass fibre content 30% w/w ISO 1172
Tensile strength 63 MPa ISO 527-4
Tensile elongation 1.5%. ISO 527-4
Tensile modulus 7000 MPa ISO 527-4
Specific gravity 1.5 ISO 62


8 Polyethylene (PE) tank
8.1 Scope
This clause covers the construction of PE tank by rotational moulding using
thermoplastics.

SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
14

8.2 Materials
The tank shall be manufactured from 100% virgin PE containing only those additives
and pigment necessary for the manufacture of tank conforming to this specification
and to its end use, including weldability when it is applicable.

Raw material manufacture should provide a certificate for each batch of material to
the tank manufacture on the following data:
a. Density; and
b. Melt flow rate.

The additives or pigment when added into PE shall be by melt compounding process
and shall not be dry blended.

8.3 Composition
The tank can be any colour. If carbon black is not used or if its content does not
meet the carbon black specification as below, the compound shall be subjected to
UV resistance which the unpigmented PE compound shall contain UV stabiliser
declared by the manufacturer.

The carbon black added to resins shall have the following specifications:
a. Content: 1% by mass measured in accordance with ISO 6964; and
b. Toluene extract: not more than 0.10% (w/w); when determined in accordance
with Annex M.

When tested in accordance with ISO 18553, rating of appearance of carbon black
dispersion in the tank shall not be worse than the photomicrograph in ISO 18553.

Other test methods and procedures for determining the carbon black content may be
used, provided that they have been demonstrated to give accuracy of the same or
higher degree than that given in ISO 6964. In the event of a dispute, the method of
ISO 6964 shall be the referee method.

SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
15

8.4 Dimension and thickness
Internal dimensions of tank shall be as declared by the manufacturer. The
manufacturer shall declare the minimum thickness of tank walls, partition wall, other
internal components, base and inspection opening covers. A verification test shall be
in accordance with Annex K.

8.5 Surface finish and appearance
Exterior surface shall be ribbed, relatively smooth and impervious to liquid. Interior
surface shall be smooth and of even texture. The surface shall be free from surface
imperfections, which detract from the performance of the tank in use.

8.6 Durability
In addition to tests specified in clause 6, the criteria as specified in Table 8.1 shall be
tested to verify durability of the tank at 27C 5C. The test specimens prepared
shall reflect manufacturing process and typical cross section of the tank, which shall
be manufactured at the same time as the tank produced for installation.

Table 8.1 Durability criteria of PE tank at 27C 5C
Criteria Properties Testing Standards
Flexural modulus 640 MPa to 1200 MPa ISO 178
Charpy impact 45 KI ISO 179
Shore hardness 62 ISO 868
Tensile strength 7.6 MPa ISO 527-2
Tensile elongation 100% ISO 527-2
Tensile stress at yield 23 MPa ISO 527-4
Tensile modulus 22 MPa ISO 527-4
Vicat softening temperature 80 C ISO 306


9 Marking and labelling
9.1 Permanence and visibility
All marking and labelling shall be permanent, legible and clearly visible at time of
installation. The marking and labelling shall be stencilled, laminated or embossed to
the products. Manufacturer is responsible for affixing of the marking and labelling.
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
16

9.2 Prefabricated tank
Each prefabricated tank shall be marked at least with the following information.
a. Manufactures name or trademark.
b. Manufacturing serial number.
c. Manufacturing date (MM/YY).
d. Diameter and capacity.
e. Specification number.
f. Certification number.

9.3 Inspection cover
Each inspection cover shall be properly marked and labelled as typically shown in
Figure 9.1 with the following information to ease identification of the unit process for
treatment system.
a. Model of the packaged plant.
b. Unit process for the tank.
c. Dimension of the tank (Length x Width x Diameter/ Height).
d. Specification number.
e. Certification number.











10 Evaluation of conformity
10.1 General
Conformity of the prefabricated tank to the requirements in this specification shall be
demonstrated by:
Figure 9.1 Typical marking and labelling for inspection covers

AAA/BBB/1234/CCC
BALANCING TANK
5.0(L)X3.5(W)X3.2(D)
TS1401:2010 (A1:2012)
CERTIFICATION NO.
COVER MATERIAL
AAA/BBB/1234/CCC
BALANCING TANK
5.0(L)X3.5(W)X3.2(D)
TS1401:2010 (A1:2012)
CERTIFICATION NO.
COVER MATERIAL
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
17

a. Initial type tests;
b. Factory production control, including finished product tests.

The results of every test conducted as specified in the following sections shall be
recorded and available for inspection, and shall be kept for at least 15 years after the
date of last production of the prefabricated tank to which they relate. All test
equipment shall be calibrated and verified and the procedure, frequency and criteria
of testing shall be documented.

10.2 Initial type tests
Table 10.1 sets out the requirements for initial type tests to confirm that the final
properties of the prefabricated tank conform to the requirements of this specification.
When a new prefabricated tank outside an existing range is developed, the initial
type tests shall be carried out for that particular tank.

The initial type tests shall be repeated if a modification is carried out involving any
change in design, process or material that is likely to alter the functional properties,
performance or requirement of the finished prefabricated tank.

10.3 Factory production control
10.3.1 General
A factory production control system shall be established and documented. The
control system shall consist of procedures for the internal control of production to
ensure that prefabricated tanks placed on the market conform to this specification.

10.3.2 Raw materials and components
The specifications of incoming raw materials and components shall be verified.

10.3.3 Production process
The relevant features of packaged plant and production process of prefabricated
tank shall be defined giving the frequency of inspection checks and tests, together
with criteria required for controlling the manufacturing process. The action to be
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
18

taken when control values or criteria are not met shall be given. All production
equipment shall be calibrated and the procedure, frequency and criteria of the
production shall be documented.

10.3.4 Finished product testing
Testing plan for finished product of the prefabricated tanks shall include:

a. On-going test
As sets out in Table 10.2, the tests shall be carried out in accordance with an
agreed testing plan, at least once per each batch of tanks production to
demonstrate its compliance with this specification on an on-going basis.

b. Periodic test
The periodic test comprises tests as set out in initial type tests shall be
performed.

10.3.5 Stock control
The stock control of finished prefabricated tanks, together with procedures for
dealing with non-conforming tanks, shall be documented.

10.4 Conditions of testing
10.4.1 General
In event of a test failure, further test shall be conducted on tank within the production
batch. If the first two randomly selected additional tanks meet the requirements, the
batch shall be deemed to meet the test requirements. If one of the additional tanks
fails, the batch shall be rejected or every tank subjected to the relevant test.

10.4.2 Conditioning of test specimen
Conditioning of the test specimens is not required unless otherwise specified by the
test method. The tests are to be conducted at ambient conditions without any special
controls on temperature or relative humidity unless otherwise specified by the test
method.

SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
19

10.4.3 Testing specimen
The test specimen shall:
a. Reflect the manufacturing process;
b. Reflect a typical cross section of the tank;
c. Be manufactured at the same time as the tank; and
d. Be of an appropriate dimension for the required test.

10.4.4 Test record
For each test specimen, the report shall record, not limiting to the following data:
a. Identification of person and organisation carrying out the test.
b. Identification of the sample tested.
c. Date of test.
d. The test result.
e. Reference to the test method.

10.5 Responsibility and testing location
The test shall be performed either in the test house of the testing agency or on a
user site under the control of the testing agency. The selection of the test location is
the manufacturer's choice but with the agreement of the testing agency. The test
conditions at the location are the responsibility of the testing agency.


SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
20

Table 10.1 Initial type test for prefabricated tank
Characteristic Requirement Clause Test Method Item Sampling Notes
General
requirements
Nominal designation 4.1 Design review Document All size
Verification by checking the document
as per manufacturers declaration
Identification 4.2 Design review Document All size
Engineering calculations and
drawings
4.3 Design review Document All size
Verification by checking the document
as per manufacturers declaration and
Professional Engineer endorsement.
Design
requirements
Serviceable life span 5.2 Design review Document
Biggest size of
packaged plant
Load bearing capacity 5.3 Design review Document
Design basis for tank 5.4 Design review Document
Biggest tank per
shape
Anchorage 5.5 Design review Document
Inlet and outlet pipe 5.6 Physical inspection Tank
Verification by inspecting and checking
the finished manufactured tank.
Inspection opening 5.7 Physical inspection Tank
Inspection cover 5.8
Design review and
physical inspection
Document and
cover
One per shape
Verification by checking the document
as per manufacturers declaration and
Professional Engineer endorsement
and by inspecting and checking the
finished manufactured cover.
Performance
requirements
Lifting system loading 6.2 As specified in 6.2 Tank
Biggest tank per
shape
The biggest size for each shape of tank
produced will be selected assuming this
size represents the worst structural
behaviour.
Structural strength 6.3
Annex C or Annex D
or Annex E
Tank
Water tightness 6.4 Annex F Tank
Compartmentalisation 6.5 Annex G Tank
J oints 6.6 Annex H Tank
Impact resistance (for FRP only) 5.7 Annex J Tank
FRP tank
requirements
Material 7.2 Design review
Certificate of
Analysis
Per material
Evidence by way of appropriate
manufacturer documentation of
approvals or tests.
Composition 7.3 Design review
Tank & other
components
Per composition
Dimension & thickness 7.4 Annex K
Biggest tank per
shape
Verification by inspecting and checking
the finished manufactured tank.
Surface finish and appearance 7.5 Physical inspection
Durability 7.6
As specified in 7.6
and Annex L
Tank
Minimum wall
thickness
Evidence by way of appropriate
manufacturer documentation of
approvals or tests.
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
21

Table 10.2 Initial type test for prefabricated tank (cont.)
Characteristic Requirement Clause Test Method Item Sampling Notes
PE tank
requirements
Material 8.2 Design review
Certificate of
Analysis
Per material
Evidence by way of appropriate
manufacturer documentation of
approvals or tests.
Composition 8.3
Design reviewand
Annex M
Tank & other
components
Per composition
Dimension & thickness 8.4 Annex K
Biggest tank per
shape
Verification by inspecting and checking
the finished manufactured tank.
Surface finish and appearance 8.5 Physical inspection
Durability 8.6 As specified in 8.6 Tank
Minimum wall
thickness
Evidence by way of appropriate
manufacturer documentation of
approvals or tests.
Marking and
labelling
Permanence & visibility 9.1 Physical inspection
Tank and
cover
One per
size/shape
Verification by inspecting and checking
the finished manufactured tank. Prefabricated tank 9.2 Physical inspection Tank
Biggest tank per
shape
Inspection cover 9.3 Physical inspection Cover One per shape


SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
22

Table 10.2 On-going test for prefabricated tank
Characteristic Requirement Clause Test Method Item Sampling Notes
Design
requirements
Inlet and outlet pipe 5.6
Physical inspection
Tank
Biggest tank per
shape
From each batch of tank/cover
production.
Inspection opening 5.7
Inspection cover 5.8 Cover One per shape
Performance
requirements
Lifting system loading 6.2 As specified in 6.2
Tank
Biggest tank per
shape
Water tightness 6.4 Annex F
Compartmentalisation 6.5 Annex G
J oints 6.6 Annex H
FRP tank
requirements
Material 7.2 Design review Document Per material
Dimension & thickness 7.4 Annex K Tank & other
components
Biggest tank per
shape
Surface finish and appearance 7.5 Physical inspection
PE tank
requirements
Material 8.2 Design review Document Per material
Dimension & thickness 8.4 Annex K Tank & other
components
Biggest tank per
shape
Surface finish and appearance 8.5 Physical inspection
Marking and
labelling
Permanence & visibility 9.1 Physical inspection
Tank and
cover
One per
size/shape
Prefabricated tank 9.2 Physical inspection Tank
Biggest tank per
shape
Inspection cover 9.3 Physical inspection Cover One per shape



SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
23

ANNEX A
(informative)

NORMATIVE REFERENCE

AS/NZS 1546.1 On-site domestic wastewater treatment units Part 1: Septic Tank
AS/NZS 1546.2 On-site domestic wastewater treatment units Part 3: Aerated wastewater
treatment systems
AS/NZS 4766 Polyethylene storage tanks for water and chemicals
ANSI/ASCE 7-98 Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures
ASTM A240/A240M Standard specification for chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plate,
sheet and strip for pressure vessels and for general applications
ASTM D3029 Test method for impact resistance of flat, rigid plastic specimens by means of a
tup (falling weight)
ASTM D 4097 Standard specification for contact moulded glass fibre reinforced thermoset resin
corrosion resistant tanks
ASTM E84 Standard test method for surface burning characteristics of building materials
ASTM E1225 Standard test method for thermal conductivity of solids by means of the
guarded-comparative-longitudinal heat flow technique
BS 2071 Specification for Soxhlet extractors
BS 3396-3 Woven glass fibre fabrics for plastics reinforcement Part 3: Specification for
finished fabrics for use with polyester resin systems
BS 3749 Specification for E glass fibre woven roving fabrics for the reinforcement of
polyester and epoxy resin systems
BS 4994 Specification for design and construction of vessels and tanks in reinforced
plastics
BS 8007 Code of practice for design of concrete structures for retaining aqueous liquids
BS 8110-1 Structural use of concrete. Code of practise for design and construction
BS EN 124 Gully tops and manhole tops for vehicular and pedestrian areas Design
requirements, type testing, marking, quality control
BS EN 976-1 Underground tanks of glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) Horizontal cylindrical
tanks for the non-pressure storage of liquid petroleum based fuels Part 1:
Requirements and test methods for single wall tanks
BS EN 978 Underground tanks of glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) Determination of factor
and factor
BS EN 12255-1 Wastewater Treatment Plants Part 1: General construction principles
BS EN 12255-11 Wastewater Treatment Plants Part 11: General data required
BS EN 12255-12 Wastewater Treatment Plants Part 12: Control and automation
BS EN 12566-3 Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PT Part 3: Packaged and/ or
site assembled domestic wastewater treatment plants
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
24

BS EN 13923 Filament wound FRP pressure vessels. Materials, design, manufacturing and
testing
EN 14020-3 Reinforcement Specification for textile glass rovings Specific requirements
EN 14118-3 Reinforcement Specifications for textile glass mats (chopped strand and
continuous filament mats) Specific requirements
CSA B66-05 Design, material and manufacturing requirements for prefabricated septic tanks
and sewage holding tanks
ISO 179-1 Plastics Determination of Charpy impact properties Non-instrumented impact
test
ISO 179-2 Plastics Determination of Charpy impact properties Instrumented impact test
ISO 306 Plastics Thermoplastic materials Determination of Vicat softening
temperature
ISO 868 Plastics and ebonite Determination of indentation hardness by means of a
durometer (Shore hardness)
ISO 527-1 Plastics Determination of tensile properties General principles
ISO 527-2 Plastics Determination of tensile properties Test conditions for moulding and
extrusion plastics
ISO 1172 Textile-glass-reinforced-plastics Prepegs, moulding compounds and laminates
Determination of the textile-glass and mineral-filler content Calcination
methods
ISO 6964 Polyolefin pipes and fittings Determination of carbon black content by
circulation and pyrolysis Test method and basic specification
ISO 14125 Fibre reinforced plastics composites Determination of flexural properties
ISO 18553 Method for the assessment of the degree of the pigment or carbon black
dispersion in polyolefin pipes, fittings and compounds
MS ISO 527-4 Plastics Determination of tensile properties Test conditions for isotropic and
orthotropic fibre reinforced plastics composite
MS ISO 1268-4 Fibre reinforced plastics Methods of producing test plates Part 4: Moulding of
prepegs
MS ISO 62 Plastics Determination of water absorption
MS ISO 75-2 Plastics Determination of temperature of deflection under load Plastics and
ebonite
MS ISO 75-3 Plastics Determination of temperature of deflection under load High strength
thermosetting laminates and long fibre reinforced plastics
ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO/IEC GUIDE 7 Guidelines for drafting of standards suitable for use for conformity assessment
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
25

ANNEX B

MAXIMUM INFLUENT DAILY LOADS, EFFLUENT QUALITY AND HYDRAULIC DAILY FLOW
(informative)

B1 SCOPE

This Annex gives recommended maximum influent daily loads, effluent quality and hydraulic daily flow
for packaged plant.

B2 APPLICATION AND USE

The loading is sufficient for medium strength of sewage that is discharged from any premise that is
not fitted with water-conserving device or a food waste disposal unit. The maximum influent daily
loads and effluent quality for treatment of maximum hydraulic daily flow of sewage on population
equivalent basis is recommended in Table B1 and Table B2.

Table B1. Maximum influent daily loads and effluent quality
Parameters Unit
Influent organic
daily loads
Effluent quality
Absolute (Std A) Design
Biochemical Oxygen Demand, BOD
5
mg/l 250 20 10
Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD mg/l 500 120 60
Suspended Solid, SS mg/l 300 50 20
Total Nitrogen, TN mg/l 50 - -
Ammoniacal Nitrogen, NH
4
-N mg/l 30 10 5
Nitrate Nitrogen, NO
3
-N mg/l - 20 10
Oil and Grease, O&G mg/l 50 5 2

Table B2. Maximum hydraulic daily flow on population equivalent basis
Population equivalent
Hydraulic daily flow (m
3
/d)
Average (Q
Nave
) Peak (Q
Npeak
)
150 33.75 195.43
200 45.00 252.46
250 56.25 307.93
300 67.50 362.17
350 78.75 415.43
400 90.00 467.86
450 101.25 519.56
500 112.50 570.64
550 123.75 621.16
600 135.00 671.17
650 146.25 720.73
700 157.50 769.87
750 168.75 818.62
800 180.00 867.02
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
26

Population equivalent
Hydraulic daily flow (m
3
/d)
Average (Q
Nave
) Peak (Q
Npeak
)
850 191.25 915.09
900 202.50 962.84
950 213.75 1010.31
1000 225.00 1057.50
1100 247.50 1151.12
1200 270.00 1243.80
1300 292.50 1335.64
1400 315.00 1426.71
1500 337.50 1517.06
1600 360.00 1606.75
1700 382.50 1695.82
1800 405.00 1784.32
1900 427.50 1872.28
2000 450.00 1959.73
2100 472.50 2046.71
2200 495.00 2133.22
2300 517.50 2219.31
2400 540.00 2304.99
2500 562.50 2390.27
2600 585.00 2475.18
2700 607.50 2559.73
2800 630.00 2643.94
2900 652.50 2727.81
3000 675.00 2811.37
3100 697.50 2894.62
3200 720.00 2977.58
3300 742.50 3060.26
3400 765.00 3142.65
3500 787.50 3224.79
3600 810.00 3306.66
3700 832.50 3388.28
3800 855.00 3469.67
3900 877.50 3550.81
4000 900.00 3631.73
4100 922.50 3712.43
4200 945.00 3792.91
4300 967.50 3873.18
4400 990.00 3953.24
4500 1012.50 4033.10
4600 1035.00 4112.77
4700 1057.50 4192.25
4800 1080.00 4271.55
4900 1102.50 4350.66
5000 1125.00 4429.59
NOTES:
1. Average hydraulic daily flow is calculated based on population equivalent x 0.225 m
3
/d of assumed sewage
contribution per population equivalent.
2. Peak hydraulic daily flow is derived from the average hydraulic daily flow by applying a peak factor calculated
from the formula of 4.7* (population equivalent/1000)
-0.11
.
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
27

ANNEX C

DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO EXTERNAL PRESSURE
(EXTERNAL HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE TEST)
(normative)

C1 SCOPE

This Annex sets out a method for testing the resistance of a prefabricated tank to external pressure
due to soil in a fully or partially saturated state and hydrostatic groundwater. The prefabricated tank
shall comply with at least one of the criteria as stated below.

C2 PRINCIPLE

The tank is subjected to a circumferential load applied to the wall of the tank from hydraulic test or pit
test as specified below.

C3 TESTING

C3.1 Hydraulic Test

The lateral (side loading) forces on a tank due to soil in a fully or partially saturated state, together
with any accidental (incidental) additional loading due to the presence of earth-moving equipment
adjacent to the tank wall may be represented by a circumferential load applied to the wall of the tank.
These forces equate approximately to the forces applied to an empty tank held submerged in water.
The test method requires that forces due to any anchorage technique normally used with the septic
tank are simulated during the test.

The testing procedures shall be as follows:

a) Level the container base.
b) Install the empty test tank in the container and restrain it as necessary. If it is necessary to
reproduce anchorage compression, weights shall be placed on the upper rim of the tank cylinder.
c) Holding down the tank in a manner that does not provide any lateral stability to the tank in excess
of that provided by the lid, when installed.
d) Fill the outer container of the test tank with water up to the designed depth of cover, including
risers.
e) Maintain the tank under test for a minimum of 7 days.

SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
28

C3.2 Pit Test

The test shall be carried out on an empty tank equipped with pipe connections (inlet, outlet and
interconnection pipes), its cover(s) and any extension and/or maintenance shaft(s). The tank shall be
installed in a watertight test excavation. The size of testing excavation shall be calculated to avoid
side effects. The tank shall be fixed on the base of excavation, according to manufacturer's
installation instructions. The excavation shall be backfilled with rounded gravel (size from 3 mm to 8
mm). To test in wet ground conditions, add water to the top of the plant, as defined in Figure C1.

The testing procedures shall be as follows:

a) Measure the initial internal dimensions of the tank.
b) Place the tank in the test excavation.
c) Backfill with gravel up to the level of pipe connections and simultaneously fill the tank with water
up to the top, after sealing the inlet and outlet pipe connections. The volume of water shall be
measured.
d) After that, discharge the water in the tank by using the following procedure.
- For a tank made of FRP, the volume of water in the tank shall be measured; after that,
discharge the water in the tank.
- For a tank made of PE, measure the volume of water in the tank one day later and discharge
the water.
e) Check the position of inlet and outlet pipe connections.
f) Complete backfill up to the maximum depth of cover as specified in 5.4, including the pedestrian
load (2.5 kN/m
2
) converted to a uniform backfill load.
g) Seal inlet and outlet pipe connections and, for a wet ground test, add water in the excavation to
the top of the tank.
h) For a tank made of FRP, maintain the test conditions for 24 h. For a tank made of PE, maintain
the test conditions for 3 weeks.
i) In wet condition, examine inside of the tank to ensure water tightness is maintained. Discharge
water from the excavation. If the tank is watertight, refill with water, and measure any change in
the capacity of the tank.
j) In dry condition, examine inside of the tank. Refill with the volume of water required to fill the tank
and measure any change in the capacity of the tank.
k) Check the position of inlet and outlet pipe connections and the internal dimensions of the tank.
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
29


(Ref: BS EN 12566-3)
Key 1 =water table level 2 =backfill
Figure C1. Scheme of the principle for the pit test

C4 TEST CRITERIA

C4.1 Hydraulic test

Inspection shall show that there have been no leaks and that the integrity of the tank has no
permanent damage as specified in 6.1. Inspection shall show that the deflection measured in the tank
wall does not exceed:

a) The wall thickness at that point; or
b) The deflection predicted by calculation.

C4.2 Pit test

For FRP tank:
a) No failure shall occur during the test; and
b) No lack of water tightness shall be recorded.

For PE tank:
a) Variation of the volume of tank (expressed in m
3
) shall be lower than 20 % of the internal volume
of the tank; and
b) Movement of inlet, outlet and interconnecting pipe works shall not lead to loss of water tightness.
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
30

ANNEX D

DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO EXTERNAL LOAD (VACUUM TEST)
(informative)

D1 SCOPE

This Annex sets out an alternative method to determine structural strength of glass fiber reinforced
plastic (FRP) prefabricated tank to withstand external earth and hydrostatic pressure by testing its
resistance to an applied vacuum pressure.

D2 PRINCIPLE

The tank shall be tested for designed external load in any conditions, using the following formula:
p =( D +h) x 10
where; p =negative pressure, kPa
h =maximum depth of earth cover as specified in section 5.4 and Figure 5.1, m
D =internal tank diameter, m
10 =action resulting from the specific weight of water, kN/m
3


WARNING: Failure implosion in a negative pressure test can release large quantities of energy.
Adequate precautions shall be taken to protect personnel and facilities.

D3 TESTING

The test procedures for vacuum test shall be conducted as follows:

a) Support the tank uniformly. Bed an empty tank in dry sand to a depth not exceeding 100mm, with
the tank oriented as in service.
b) Seal all openings in the tank and apply the required internal vacuum pressure calculated by the
formula in D2.
c) Hold the vacuum for 605 min and check for deformation or damage to the tank. Ensure the
hatches and inlet and outlet fittings have not lost their seal or been distorted.

D4 TEST CRITERIA

For vacuum tests defined above, the tank shall not be damaged nor has any visual deterioration
internally or externally. The tank shall withstand the vacuum pressure selected without rupture.
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
31

ANNEX E

DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO TOP LOAD (TOP LOADING TEST)
(informative)

E1 SCOPE

This Annex sets out an alternative method to determine structural strength of polyethylene (PE)
prefabricated tank by testing its resistance of to an applied top load.

E2 PRINCIPLE

The tank is subjected to a load that is applied to the top segment of the tank. Testing shall be carried
out at the temperature of (25 +5) C. This test method is applicable for use in dry conditions only. The
test shall be carried out on an empty tanks equipped with its cover(s).

E3 TESTING

The test procedures for the top loading testing for PE tank shall be conducted as follows:

a) Bed an empty tank in dry sand to a depth not exceeding 100 mm, with the tank oriented as in
service, and record the width of the tank (w
0
).
b) Determine the maximum plan area of the tank.
c) Load the top segment of the tank with sandbags (or equivalent) to a total mass calculated by the
formula below.
W =2000 x A x h
where; W =mass, kg
A =plan area, m
2

h =maximum depth of earth cover as specified in section 5.4 and Figure 5.1, m
d) Load the top of the tank with sandbags (or equivalent) up to the total load, W as calculated in item
(c), by taking care that the load is uniformly distributed. Completion of loading shall be considered
time zero for the purposes of this tests.
e) Check the tank for cracking or other damage and measure the width at 1 h (w
1
) and 48 h (w
48
)
after time zero.
f) At the end of 48 hours period under load W, reduce the load to 10% of W. At the end of 24 hours
under the load of 10% of W, measure the tank width (w
72
) and remove the remainder of the load.

SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
32

E4 TEST CRITERIA

The deformed width (w) of the tank under load shall be as follows:

a) w
1
shall not exceed 1.07 w
0
;
b) w
48
shall not exceed 1.12 w
0
; and
c) w
72
shall not exceed 1.05 w
0.


If fractures or cracks occur they shall be checked by means of the test crack measuring gauge. The
load shall than be released and the surface again examined to check whether all test cracks have
closed.

SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
33

ANNEX F

DETERMINATION OF WATERTIGHTNESS (LEAKAGE TEST)
(normative)

F1 SCOPE

This Annex outlines a method of testing the water tightness by leakage test for prefabricated tanks.
The tank shall be tested after structural strength tests specified in Clause 6.3 have been conducted.

F2 PRINCIPLE

The tank is subjected to a hydrostatic or pneumatic pressure and is then examined for signs of
leakage. The tanks shall be placed on a level surface and laterally supported. Horizontal tanks shall
be supported sufficiently so as to counter any bending and induced tension.

F3 TESTING

F3.1 Hydrostatic Pressure Test

For this test, tank shall be secured in place so as to enable inspection of the base of the tank. No
saturation period is necessary before the test starts. The procedure shall be as follows:
a) Seal all the inlet and outlet connections.
b) Fill the tank with water to the declared height of water tightness, which is a minimum height equal
to top of the tank (see Figure F1).
c) Maintain this water level for 30 minutes and then observe and inspect for any leakage.

F3.2 Pneumatic Pressure Test

For this test, tank shall be subjected to an effective internal pressure equal to the maximum working
pressure, but not less than 20 kPa (gauge pressure). The value of pressure variation is measured
using a pressure gauge capable of being read to the nearest 0.5 kPa. The procedure shall be as
follows:

a) Seal all the inlet and outlet connections and tank openings.
b) The required pneumatic pressure is gradually imposed on the tank and held for 3 min to allow the
tank to absorb deformation. Do not start the leakage test until the pressure settles and the tank
holds the pressure.
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
34

c) While the tank is holding the required pressure level, cover the entire external surface of the tank
with soapy water solution or leak test fluid. Soap the entire tank and fittings.
d) Check the tank visually for leaks, giving special attention to tank openings.
e) Measure the pressure variation in the tank during the test period of 30 seconds.


F4 TEST CRITERIA

Under pneumatic pressure testing for tanks complete with attachments, the tank shall not leak and
pressure selected for the test shall not deviate by more than 10% during 30 seconds testing duration.

Under hydrostatic pressure testing, tanks shall have no leakage and no damp patches.













1 top of the tank
2 connections
Figure F1 Height for filling
2
2
1
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
35

ANNEX G

DETERMINATION OF THE RESISTANCE OF A PARTITION WALL TO A HYDROSTATIC
HEAD (PUMP-OUT TEST)
(normative)

G1 SCOPE

This Annex outlines a method for testing the resistance of a partition wall dividing the prefabricated
tank into compartments to the effects of pumping-out fluid from one side of the partition wall.

G2 PRINCIPLES

When the fluid is removed from one side of a compartmentalised tank during pump-out, the partition
wall will be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure head. This test reproduces those conditions and then
checks for any signs of weaknesses or failure of the partition wall.

G3 TESTING

This test may be carried out in conjunction with the hydrostatic pressure testing for water tightness as
specified in F3.1 of Annex F. The test procedure shall be as follows:

a) Seal all the inlet and outlet connections and flow opening in the partition walls;
b) Fill the tank with water up to its outlet or overflow level;
c) Pump out water from one side of the partition wall. If the partition wall is situated so that there is a
greater quantity or head of water on one side as compared to the other, the water shall be
pumped-out from the side that has the least quantity or head;
d) Observe the reaction of partition wall to the effect of pump-out process and check the partition
wall for leaks over a period of at least 1 hour.

G4 TEST CRITERIA

The partition wall shall not collapse or permanently deform when the water in the tank is pumped-out
and no leakage shall occur in the partition wall.

SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
36

ANNEX H

DETERMINATION OF THE INSTALLATION OF FITTINGS IN A SOUND STRUCTURE AND
WATERTIGHT MANNER
(normative)

H1 SCOPE

This Annex outlines a method for testing for the installation of fittings in a sound structure and
watertight manner, whether the fittings are installed in the factory or on-site.

H2 PRINCIPLES

The fittings attached to the prefabricated tank are subjected to a low hydrostatic pressure from inside
the tank, or are subjected to a moment of bending and torsion.

H3 TESTING

H3.1 Low hydrostatic pressure test

The test procedure shall be as follows:
a) Set up the tank as for the leakage test in determining water tightness as required by Annex F.
b) Install fittings in accordance with manufacturers instruction.
c) Seal openings in the fittings to allow water to build up behind the fitting during the test.
d) Fill the tank with water until to the top of the tank.
e) Allow the tank to stand for at least 10 minutes.
f) Observe the tank and fittings for any leakage.

H3.2 Bending and torsion moments on fittings test

Carry out the test on the tank which has been restrained. The test procedure shall be as follows:
a) Apply successively a 500 N.m moment of bending and a 500 N.m moment of torsion on piping
sections fixed on each of the pipe fittings attached to the tank.
b) Maintain these moments for 1 min.
c) Inspect the tank visually.
d) Submit the tank to a leakage test in accordance with Annex F.

H4 TEST CRITERIA

Under low hydrostatic pressure test, no leakage and no damp patches shall occur in the tanks.

Under bending and torsion moments on fittings test, no visual deterioration shall occur in the tank.
Subsequently, no leakage shall occur when the tank is submitted to leakage tests.
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
37

ANNEX J

DETERMINATION OF IMPACT RESISTANCE FOR GLASS FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP)
PREFABRICATED TANK
(normative)

J1 SCOPE

This Annex sets out a method of determining the impact resistance of FRP prefabricated tank.

J2 PRINCIPLES

The test allows the mean energy to cause the tank failure to be calculated after a weight of solid steel
ball is allowed to fall vertically onto the test tank.

J3 TESTING

J3.1 Internal impact resistance test

The test procedure shall be as follows:
a) Drop a (0.5 0.005) kg solid steel ball from the upper edge of the inspection opening onto the
protection plate of the tank.
b) Observe and inspect for any damage and surface change.

J3.2 External impact resistance test

The test procedure shall be as follows:
a) Drop a (0.5 0.005) kg solid steel ball from a height of (1 0.01) m onto the structural tank wall of
the tank.
b) If the wall contains ribs, carry out the test by dropping the ball centrally between ribs and on the
crown of a rib.
c) Observe and inspect for any deterioration.

J4 TEST CRITERIA

Under internal impact resistance test, no cracking of the internal surface or a surface change visible
with the unaided eye shall occur.

Under external impact resistance test, the tank shall show no visual deterioration.
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
38

ANNEX K

DETERMINATION OF DIMENSIONS (DIMENSIONAL TEST)
(normative)

K1 SCOPE

This Annex outlines a method for testing and measuring all dimensional parameters of importance for
finish product of the prefabricated tank i.e. diameter, thickness, rib spacing and length.

K2 PRINCIPLES

The tanks are subjected to non-uniform dimensional parameters during the manufacturing process
and are then examined to ensure that each part complies with the required minimum reference
dimensional value.

K3 TESTING

a) Measure all dimensional parameters of importance, i.e. diameter, thickness, rib spacing and
length with a suitable instrument.
b) Measure all the dimensions of the tank to the nearest 1 mm. An average of two (2) perpendicular
measurements for internal diameter of the tank and two (2) parallel measurements for rib spacing
and length of the tank shall be taken.
c) The internal diameter of the tank can be measured by subtracting the thickness of structural tanks
wall from the external diameter of the tank.
d) Measure the thickness of structural tanks wall, end panel, partition wall and internal components
for finish product of prefabricated tank to the nearest 0.1 mm. The thickness shall be measured at
certain parts of the determining components.

K4 TEST CRITERIA

The internal diameter, rib spacing and length of the tank shall not be less than the declared
dimensions by the manufacturer.

The thickness of all determining components shall not be less than the minimum thickness as
declared by the manufacturer.
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
39

ANNEX L

DETERMINATION OF THE HARDNESS OF FRP COMPOSITES
(normative)

L1 SCOPE

This Annex sets out a method for determining the hardness of reinforced plastic laminates for
prefabricated tank of packaged plant

L2 PRINCIPLES

The Barcol hardness test gives a measure of the degree of cure of the glass fibre reinforced
composite.

L3 APPARATUS

A suitable Barcol impressor.

L4 TEST SPECIMENS

The hardness test shall be carried out directly on the tank or on test specimens prepared in
accordance with MS ISO 1268-4. The test specimens shall have been manufactured for not less than
48 h, be substantially flat, have a smooth surface, and be at least 2.5 mm thick.

L5 TEST PROCEDURE

The Barco impressor shall be applied to the surface and pressed firmly, and the dial gauge reading
simultaneously noted. No fewer than 20 readings shall be taken on the finished exterior surface of
each tank or specimen in random fashion over the surface being tested.

The top 3 and bottom 3 readings shall be discarded and the remaining 14 readings shall be averaged.
SPAN TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013)
40

ANNEX M

METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF TOLUENE EXTRACT OF CARBON BLACK
(normative)

M1 SCOPE

This Annex sets out a method for determination of toluene extract of carbon black.

M2 APPARATUS AND REAGENT

a) Paper extraction thimbles, double thickness, fat extracted.
b) Soxhlet extractor, complying with BS 2071.
c) Shallow borosilicate glass wighing dish, 50 ml capacity.
d) Toluene, sulphur free, of a recognized reagent quality.

M3 PROCEDURE

a) Place 5 g to 8 g of palletised carbon black or 2 g to 5 g of compressed fluffy black in an extraction
thimble. Measure 50 ml to 60 ml of toluene into the Soxhlet flask.
b) Assemble the Soxhlet extraction apparatus and extract for 22 h.
c) Transfer the extract solution into the previously cleaned dried and tarred weighed dish. Filter, if
necessary, and rinse the extraction flask with toluene and add to the weighing dish.
d) Evaporate the total solution on a hotplate to a volume of approximately 5 ml to 10 ml and then
place in a drying oven at 115 C until dry.
e) Cool in a desiccators to room temperature and weigh.

M4 CALCULATION

Calculate the toluene extract as follows:

T
E
= M
E
x 100
M
S


where,
T
E
is the percentage of toluene extract, in % (w/w);
M
E
is the mass of extract, in g; and
M
S
is the mass sample, in g.