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The document describes the design of an underwater drifter system using a microcontroller. The drifter contains sensors to measure chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, and turbidity. It uses buoyancy control and acoustic communication to transmit sensor data to surface stations. The design must initialize all on-chip peripherals and components like sensors, motors, and acoustic modem.

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Shivam Shukla
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49 views

Optional Assignment

The document describes the design of an underwater drifter system using a microcontroller. The drifter contains sensors to measure chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, and turbidity. It uses buoyancy control and acoustic communication to transmit sensor data to surface stations. The design must initialize all on-chip peripherals and components like sensors, motors, and acoustic modem.

Uploaded by

Shivam Shukla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design the following system using processor your choice

System to be designed : Underwater Drifter


An underwater drifter is as mall drogues that are buoyancy controlled, acoustically tracked, equipped
with sensors for data collection and are part of an ad hoc network for relaying data to surface stations
for analysis. The buoyancy control allows the drogues to collect data from various depths in the ocean.
Propulsion is not needed as the drogues will be moving with the flow. Shown above is the picture of a
drogue and its internal structure. Here, one can see a 25 cm diameter sphere consisting of two halves
that can be disassembled for access into its interior. Drogues are free-floating underwater devices that
operate autonomously

Sensors in the drogue
Flourometers - for studies needing chlorophyll concentration data.
Output Voltage 0-5.0 VDC
Response Time 0.1 sec.
Accuracy 0.02 g/l
Dissolved oxygen
Measurement range 120% of surface saturation in all natural waters, fresh and salt
Initial accuracy 2% of saturation
Typical stability 0.5% per 1000 hours
Output signal option 1: 0 - 5 VDC
Option 2: Frequency 4 -20KHz
Salinity
Output is analog varies between 4 20 mA output
pH Sensor
Output varies between 4 -20 mA
Turbidity sensors
Maximum Depth Stainless-Steel Body: 500 m (1640.5 ft )
Titanium Body: 1500 m (4921.5 ft )
Drift: less than 2% per year
Maximum Data Rate: 10 Hz
Optical power: 2000 W
Turbidity Accuracy: 2% of reading or 0.5 NTU
2.5 Output Option
Output Voltage = 0 to 2.5 V over selected NTU range
Supply Voltage = 5 to 15 Vdc
Current Drain = 15 mA
5 Output Option
Output Voltage = 0 to 5 V over selected NTU range
Supply Voltage = 5 to 15 Vdc
Current Drain = 15 mA
20 Output Option
Output Voltage = 4 to 20 mA over selected NTU range
Supply Voltage = 9 to 15 Vdc
Current Drain = 45 mA

Buoyancy Control
Buoyancy control is via CO2-pressurized neoprene bladder.
Stabilization of depth is obtained via feedback: a servo-motor for small changes in buoyancy volume and
compression/bleed valve for large changes in buoyancy.
Valve can be open/closed to varying degrees using stepper motor.
Allegro 2998 B drivers are available for Servo Motors that have an enable and phase inputs. One Allegro
2998B driver chip can drive two motors.
Allegro 5804 B Translator + Driver is available for Stepper Motors to which a clock input
maximum of 5 KHz must be provided for rotating the motor- this will be translated into steps by the
circuit available in the translator in the chip. The direction of the steps either in clockwise or anti-
clockwise also has to be provided. One Allegro 5804 chip can drive two stepper motors.

Communications & Networks
Data collected from the sensors are transmitted acoustically using acoustic link to the Surface Station at
regular intervals of 10 minutes.
The communication is done using acoustic modems at a maximum data rate of 12kbps.
The acoustic modem is interfaced via UART interface.


Show the complete design using the microcontroller.
Every Component used should be brought out properly
Initialize all on-chip peripherals
Mention the hardware/ software components
Is this a distributed embedded system or multiprocessing embedded system ?

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