Purpose

In this experiment, we will be able to identify the contents of three

unknown samples. We will be able to identify what are positive and negative
controls. We will able to test the different organic molecules by using various
chemicals.
Hypothesis
From the positive controls for Benedicts solution, Iodine solution, Biuret
solution and absolute ethanol. We can assume that if the unknown sample
reacts with Benedicts solution (color changes), it is monosaccharide or
disaccharide (except for sucrose). If the unknown sample reacts with Iodine
solution (color changes), it is polysaccharide. If the unknown sample reacts with
Biuret solution (color changes), it is protein. If the unknown sample reacts with
absolute ethanol (become homogenous mixture), it is fat and oil.



Materials

Results



Conclusion
There are 4 contents that react with Benedicts solution; GL, U2, DM, ON then four of these contain sugars.
Test tube Beaker Test tube tongs
Mask Glove Vortex mixer
Stirrer with heating machine Dropper Benedicts solution
Biuret solution Absolute ethanol Iodine solution
Water Glucose Starch
Gelatin Diluted milk Onion, Potato

Contents
Water
Glucose
solution
Starch
solution
Gelation
solution
Diluted
milk
Onion
+ water
Potato
+ water
Unknown 1 Unknown 2 Unknown 3
Abbreviations W GL ST GE DM ON PO U1 U2 U3
ROW 1
Benedict's solution
(Blue)
Not change
Light
orange
Not change Not change Pure yellow Yellow Not change Not change Light orange Not change
ROW 2
Iodine solution
(Yellowish-brown)
Not change Not change Dark blue Not change Not change Not change
Surface of potato
turn dark
Not change Not change Not change
ROW 3
Biuret solution
(Blue)
Not change Not change Not change Purple
Light
purple
Not change Not change
Light
purple
Pure yellow Not change
Emulsification Test
Tube With Ethanol Without Ethanol
Oil Opaque (become homogenous) Yellow
Water Normal Clean
There are 2 contents that react with Iodine solution; ST, PO (only surface) then two of these contain starch (PO contain only at surface).
There are 7 contents that react with Biuret solution; GE, DM, U2, U1 then seven of these contain proteins.
Absolute ethanol is the emulsifier of oil because it can make oil mix with themselves and become homogenous not heterogeneous.
Discussion
Our positive and negative controls are the correct colors. When add all the
chemical to water, they do not change any color (negative control). Only
Benedicts solution can change sugars color (positive control), only Iodine
solution can change polysaccharides color (positive control), and only Biuret
solution can change proteins color (positive control). So from the result that
unknown 1 change color only when add Biuret solution then we can assume
that the unknown 1 has only protein. From the result that unknown 2 change
color only when add Biuret solution and Benedicts solution then we can
assume that this unknown 2 contain both sugar and protein. From the result
that unknown 3 does not change any color only when add all of this chemical
then we can conclude that this unknown 3 does not contain any protein, sugar
and starch or it might contain only sucrose (sucrose is the only sugar that does
not react with Benedicts solution). In this experiment there are some of
problems such as; the test tube is too close with each other so it is very easy to
have error for looking color or we might put the test tube in the wrong slot and
to prevent this to happen, we need to recheck everything we have done and
when we do experiment, we need to do with the providence.


Questions
1. Does potato store glucose as starch? How do you know from your results?
Yes, potato store glucose as starch because from our result that potato can make
iodine change color and it follow positive control for iodine.

2. Does onion store glucose as starch? How do you know from your results?
No, onion does not store glucose as starch because from our result that potato
cannot make iodine change color and it is not follow positive control for iodine.

3. What sugar is most likely present in the diluted milk?
The sugar that is most likely present in the diluted milk is monosaccharaides or
disaccharides sugar (except sucrose) because from our result, diluted milk reacts
with Benedicts solution not reacts with Iodines solution.

4. Even though, gelatin is made from protein, it changed color to purple after
heating with Benedicts solution?
No, gelatin will not change color if it was added into Benedicts solution because
Benedicts solution can reacts with only sugars not proteins. If you want to test
proteins, you have to use Biurets solution because it can react with the peptide
bond which is the bond that is in the proteins.
5. A test tube contains starch, a digestive enzyme for starch, and water. The
biuret test is negative showing no change. However, after 30 minutes, the
Benedicts test is positive. What substance is present? How do you know?
Now substance is monosaccharide, not starch anymore because it can react with
Benedicts test, cannot react with biuret, and it is come from the starch that was
digested by enzyme which you put in.

6. How would you test an unknown solution for each of the following:
A. Sugars
For sugars, we use Benedicts reagent that has blue color. When Benedicts reagent added in
to sugars, its color will change from blue color to green or red depend on how much
concentration because of the reaction of copper ion (

) in Benedicts reagent that react

with some parts of sugar.
B. Fat
For fat, we have two ways to test the first common one is using the brown or loose-leaf paper.
When fat and oils exposed onto the paper, they leave an oily spot on the paper not like water
that they can evaporate away. The second way is using absolute ethanol. When absolute
ethanol is added into fats and oils, it will turn the solution white with homogenous mixture
because the absolute ethanol is an emulsifier.
C. Starch
For starch, we use iodine solution that has brown color. When iodine solution added into
starch, its color will change from brown to blue or black depend on how much concentration
because of the reflection of light that caused by iodine molecule move inside starchs
structure.
D. Protein
For protein, we use biuret solution that has blue color. When biuret solution added into
protein, its color will change from blue color to purple because of the reaction of copper ion
(

) in biuret solution that react with peptide bonds of proteins.

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