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Quiz # 1

This document provides instructions for a biostatistics quiz consisting of 6 questions. Question 1 asks students to discuss the differences between case-control and cohort studies in two paragraphs with at least 5 sentences each. Question 2 asks students to discuss key features of clinical trials in two paragraphs with at least 5 sentences each. Question 3 provides an article and asks students to determine if it used a prospective or retrospective approach and provide a diagram of the study design. Question 4 asks students to provide vital statistics data for the Philippines from recent years, including any necessary calculations. Question 5 asks students to interpret a chart comparing hypertensive nephrosclerosis incidence rates across regions of the Philippines. Question 6 provides data and asks students to analyze duration of hospital stays

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52 views

Quiz # 1

This document provides instructions for a biostatistics quiz consisting of 6 questions. Question 1 asks students to discuss the differences between case-control and cohort studies in two paragraphs with at least 5 sentences each. Question 2 asks students to discuss key features of clinical trials in two paragraphs with at least 5 sentences each. Question 3 provides an article and asks students to determine if it used a prospective or retrospective approach and provide a diagram of the study design. Question 4 asks students to provide vital statistics data for the Philippines from recent years, including any necessary calculations. Question 5 asks students to interpret a chart comparing hypertensive nephrosclerosis incidence rates across regions of the Philippines. Question 6 provides data and asks students to analyze duration of hospital stays

Uploaded by

Min Rosales
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BIOSTAT Quiz # 1

October 2, 2013 [Take Home]


DIRECTION: Answer all questions as completely as possible in the same order they are
given. For problems requiring extensive researches, be able to cite all relevant sources. For
problems requiring numerical computations, be able to provide all necessary calculations.
NO SOLUTION/CITATION, NO CREDIT.

Submission Deadline: October 3, 2013, 6:00PM @ Mathematics Dept., William 6
th
Floor

1.) Comprehensively discuss the difference between a case-control and a cohort study. Be
able to expound on the ideas concerning the differences between the onsets of the
undertaking, directions of inquiry, and advantages and disadvantages. In doing this,
be able to discuss some practical cases (or actual scenarios) wherein one design is
preferred over the other. Provide answers in no less than two paragraphs, each
containing at least five sentences. [10 points]

2.) Comprehensively discuss the key features of a clinical trial. Discuss the relevance of
assuring that the features are followed, i.e. be able to provide (may either be
hypothetical or actual) scenarios and consequences when each feature is overlooked.
For each feature, be able to provide a comprehensive discussion of no less than two
paragraphs, each containing at least five sentences. [10 points]

3.) Attached is the article entitled Trends in the Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease and
Changes in Diet and Lifestyle in Women (Hu et al, 2000). Determine whether the
study utilized a prospective or a retrospective approach. Discuss the key elements of
the study design which led you to classify the study as either prospective or
retrospective. Also, provide a schematic diagram highlighting the utilized design of
the study. [10 points]

4.) Look for the most recent figures of the following vital statistics for the Philippines.
Provide all necessary calculations whenever possible. Also, state what specific years
are the obtained statistics reported. [15 points]

a.) General Fertility Rate
b.) Perinatal Mortality Rate
c.) Neonatal Mortality Rate
d.) Leptospirosis Case Fatality Ratio for Age Group 1 10 Years
e.) Bacterial Sepsis Mortality Ratio among Infants

5.) Consider the following map chart reporting on the regional distribution of incidence
rates (per 100,000) of hypertensive nephrosclerosis during the year 2010. Comment
on the comparison of incidence rates of hypertensive nephrosclerosis for the Luzon,
Visayas, and Mindanao regions, i.e. be able to provide a textual (paragraph)
interpretation of the chart highlighting the comparisons between the regions of the
Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. [5 points]



6.) The data set HOSPITAL.DAT are a sample from a larger data set collected on people
discharged from a selected Pennsylvania hospital as part of a retrospective chart
review of antibiotic usage in hospitals.

a.) The variable DUR_STAY provides information on the duration of hospital
stay of the 25 patients. Construct a complete (interval-grouping) FDT for
this data. Afterwards, use the FDT to construct a histogram. O the basis of
the histogram, is the duration of hospital stay symmetrically distributed?
[10 points]

b.) It is of clinical interest to determine if the duration of hospitalization is
affected by (i) whether a patient has received antibiotics ANTIBIO [1 =
yes, 2 = no], (ii) whether a patient received bacterial culture BACT_CUL
[1 = yes, 2 = no], or (iii) the type of service received SERVICE [1 =
medication, 2 = surgery]. Determine which of the three is most likely to
have an effect on duration of hospitalization by numeric and graphic
methods. (Hint: The variable which produces the largest separation
between centrality measures of hospital stay as induced by its groups is
most likely to have an effect on hospital stay.) [40 points]

**Guide for letter (b): For each binary variable (i.e., whether a patient has received
antibiotics, whether a patient received bacterial culture, and the type of service
received) construct two groups of patients as induced by its distinct values. For each
group, calculate the mean, the median, the standard deviation, and the skewness
coefficient (also provide a brief interpretation). Also, construct a boxplot for each
group. Finally, compare the means of duration of hospitalization between the two
groups by taking the absolute difference.

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