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Constraint Satisfaction Problem

1. Constraint satisfaction problems involve finding a solution where the goal state satisfies a given set of constraints. 2. The general procedure for solving constraint satisfaction problems involves selecting nodes from the search graph, applying constraint inference rules to generate new constraints, and either finding a complete solution that satisfies all constraints or detecting a contradiction. 3. An example of a constraint satisfaction problem is a cryptarithmetic puzzle where letters are assigned digits while satisfying arithmetic equations and constraints like each letter mapping to a unique digit.

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Lini Ickappan
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93 views

Constraint Satisfaction Problem

1. Constraint satisfaction problems involve finding a solution where the goal state satisfies a given set of constraints. 2. The general procedure for solving constraint satisfaction problems involves selecting nodes from the search graph, applying constraint inference rules to generate new constraints, and either finding a complete solution that satisfies all constraints or detecting a contradiction. 3. An example of a constraint satisfaction problem is a cryptarithmetic puzzle where letters are assigned digits while satisfying arithmetic equations and constraints like each letter mapping to a unique digit.

Uploaded by

Lini Ickappan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Constraint Satisfaction Problem1.

CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION:-
Many problems in AI can be consiere as problems of constraint satisfaction! in "#ic# t#e
$oal state satisfies a $i%en set of constraint. constraint satisfaction problems can be sol%e
by &sin$ any of t#e searc# strate$ies. T#e $eneral form of t#e constraint satisfaction
proce&re is as follo"s:
'ntil a complete sol&tion is fo&n or &ntil all pat#s #a%e le to lea ens! o
1. select an &ne(pane noe of t#e searc# $rap#.
). Apply t#e constraint inference r&les to t#e selecte noe to $enerate all possible ne"
constraints.
*. If t#e set of constraints contains a contraiction! t#en report t#at t#is pat# is a ea en.
+. If t#e set of constraints escribes a complete sol&tion t#en report s&ccess.
,. If neit#er a constraint nor a complete sol&tion #as been fo&n t#en apply t#e r&les to
$enerate ne" partial sol&tions. Insert t#ese partial sol&tions into t#e searc# $rap#.
-(ample: consier t#e crypt arit#metic problems.
S-N.
/ MOR-
----------
MON-0
----------
Assi$n ecimal i$it to eac# of t#e letters in s&c# a "ay t#at t#e ans"er to t#e problem is
correct to t#e same letter occ&rs more t#an once ! it m&st be assi$n t#e same i$it eac# time
. no t"o ifferent letters may be assi$ne t#e same i$it. Consier t#e crypt arit#metic
problem.
S-N.
/ MOR-
-----------
MON-0
-----------
CONSTRAINTS:-
1. no t"o i$it can be assi$ne to same letter.
). only sin$le i$it n&mber can be assi$n to a letter.
1. no t"o letters can be assi$ne same i$it.
). Ass&mption can be mae at %ario&s le%els s&c# t#at t#ey o not contraict eac# ot#er.
*. T#e problem can be ecompose into sec&re constraints. A constraint satisfaction
approac# may be &se.
+. Any of searc# tec#ni1&es may be &se.
,. 2ac3trac3in$ may be performe as applicable &s applie searc# tec#ni1&es.
4. R&le of arit#metic may be follo"e.
Initial state of problem.
.56
-56
056
N56
R56
O56
S56
M56
C156
C)56
C1 !C )! C* stans for t#e carry %ariables respecti%ely.
7oal State: t#e i$its to t#e letters m&st be assi$ne in s&c# a manner so t#at t#e s&m is
satisfie.
Solution Process:
8e are follo"in$ t#e ept#-first met#o to sol%e t#e problem.
1. initial $&ess m51 beca&se t#e s&m of t"o sin$le i$its can $enerate at most a carry 919.
). 8#en n51 o5: or 1 beca&se t#e lar$est sin$le i$it n&mber ae to m51 can $enerate
t#e s&m of eit#er : or 1 epen on t#e carry recei%e from t#e carry s&m. 2y t#is "e
concl&e t#at o5: beca&se m is alreay 1 #ence "e cannot assi$n same i$it anot#er
letter;r&le no.<
*. 8e #a%e m51 an o5: to $et o5: "e #a%e s5= or >! a$ain epenin$ on t#e carry
recei%e from t#e earlier s&m.
T#e same process can be repeate f&rt#er. T#e problem #as to be compose into %ario&s
constraints. An eac# constraints is to be satisfie by $&essin$ t#e possible i$its t#at t#e
letters can be ass&me t#at t#e initial $&ess #as been alreay mae . rest of t#e process is
bein$ s#o"n in t#e form of a tree! &sin$ ept#-first searc# for t#e clear &nerstanability
of t#e sol&tion process.
D>6(Controduction)

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