Qualitative Biomechanics
Qualitative Biomechanics
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Qualitative Biomechanics
Kathleen MacLean March 18, 2014
Movement Assessments
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Quantitative Qualitative
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Quantitative
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Qualitative
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Qualitative Biomechanics
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Used to analyze:
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Why we move the way we do Improve performance Reduce injury rates Clinical diagnosis Skill analysis Error detection
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Movement Assessments
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Choice depends on the movement and purpose of analysis, experience of evaluator, setting, age and ability of performer
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Performance or injury assessment Occupational Settings Productivity, injury and fatigue rates Lab During quantitative assessments
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Qualitative Assessment
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But organized, specific Requires planning, interdisciplinary information, and systematic steps
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Interdisciplinary
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Outline and follow steps to analysis Grounded in biomechanical knowledge and terminology
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Background research
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Step 1: Preparation
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Step 2: Observe
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Step 3: Evaluation
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Step 1: Preparation
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Includes What is the objective of the task What biomechanical principles are at play?
Minimization of fatigue over an endurance or repetitive task Maximize speed, height, distance Force Precision Speed Balance or stability Combination?
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What principles affect objective? (Norman, 1975) Depending on the task, certain principles may be more important to the assessment:
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Direction of force application Stability Conservation and transfer of momentum Minimizing joint load Summation of joint moment effects Summation of body segment velocities Optimal joint position Minimizing fatigue
Step 2: Observe
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Objective of each phase Primary body segment(s) involved in each phase Biomechanical principles of each phase
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Phases
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These can be further broken down and specified for each task or skill What body segments are involved?
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Invariant technique points of a movement Determines what is right and wrong about movement
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Composite Approach
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Stages of skill are based on combined product of all body parts Descriptions for each stage
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Component Approach
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Each component has its own evaluative phases More detail provided
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Are task objectives met? Are biomechanical principles being violated or not exploited?
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Quantitative Assessment
Qualitative Assessment
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History Lesson
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Department of Kinesiology
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Complementary
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Not competitive What can each tell us that the other cannot
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Qualitative Advantages
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Quicker, easier Qualitative tools are unavailable or unfeasible Qualitative often gives us an initial exploration of a movement task or issue When we need more than just numbers
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Quantitative Advantages
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Provide numeric proof of applied biomechanical principles Determine cutoffs for injury and disease prevention Measure changes in performance of a skill or task Determine biomechanics associated with optimization of performance
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Tag team
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Both processes often used for ultimate movement goal Interplay between both forms of movement assessment
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Evolution
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And ancestors
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Evolutionary Questions
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Gaps in our understanding Few living ancestors we can observe Need to fill them using qualitative and quantitative analyses What can both assessments tell us about our evolutionary
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Throwing
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What was the advantage of the shoulder evolution How do we compare to our closest living relatives?
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Are we different?
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Throwing to Hunt
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Overarm
Chimp Throw
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Human Throw
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Determine objectives Determine core biomechanical principles Break throw down into phases
Objective:
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Proximal to distal
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Whip Effect
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Phases of Throwing
Windup
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Acceleration
Follow-Through
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Windup
Acceleration
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Follow-Through
Observed Differences
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But Why?
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Consider:
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Morphological Assessment
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Baseball Players
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Quantitatively test the effect of derived morphological traits in humans (Roach et al., 2013)
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Study elite throwers Effect of morphological traits Effect of induce limitations on the shoulder
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Glenoid Orientation
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Humeral Torsion
Humeral Torsion
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Humeral Torsion
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Qualitative-Quantitative Tradeoff
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We cant observe our extinct ancestors move But we can make inferences based on:
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What we know about what came before and after !! Us Homo Sapiens
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Living relatives Chimpanzees Fill in the gap Bone Morphology Boney orientation
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Fossils
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Quantitative Assessment
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Quantitative analyses of human throwing can help us understand the fossil record
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Morphological features that help human throwing can be assessed in the fossil record
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Torsion Asymmetry
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Using quantitative data, we can qualitatively reconstruct an understanding of how our fossilized ancestors moved
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We know how quantified morphological features affect performance We know the morphology of fossils
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Combined quantitative and qualitative assessment can tell us when and how humans survived Hominin disadvantages:
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Not particularly fast, strong Lack the teeth and claws to injure prey or protect ourselves from
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Hominin Advantage:
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Throwing capabilities Endurance running capabilities Provided through shoulder morphology !! Swinging arm
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In The End
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Systematic qualitative biomechanical analyses provide important movement information Trade off between qualitative and quantitative analyses for common goal
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