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Fundamentals of Machine Design

The document provides an introduction to the fundamentals of machine design. It discusses machine design as a decision-making process that considers various factors to create a plan to satisfy a need. Machine design involves designing machine elements like gears, shafts, and bearings to safely transmit forces and allow machines to modify or transform energy to perform tasks. The objectives are to understand basic design concepts, different types of machines, and factors considered in machine design.

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Lnd Mszi
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249 views

Fundamentals of Machine Design

The document provides an introduction to the fundamentals of machine design. It discusses machine design as a decision-making process that considers various factors to create a plan to satisfy a need. Machine design involves designing machine elements like gears, shafts, and bearings to safely transmit forces and allow machines to modify or transform energy to perform tasks. The objectives are to understand basic design concepts, different types of machines, and factors considered in machine design.

Uploaded by

Lnd Mszi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUNDAMENTALS OF MACHINE DESIGN

Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the students should have the knowledge of Basic concept of design in general. Concept of machine design and their types. Factors to be considered in machine design.

1.1

Introduction

Design is essentially a decision-making process. If we have a problem, we need to design a solution. In other words, to design is to formulate a plan to satisfy a particular need and to create something with a physical reality. Consider for an example, design of a chair. A number of factors need be considered first: (a) The purpose for which the chair is to be designed such as whether it is to be used as an easy chair, an office chair or to accompany a dining table. (b) Whether the chair is to be designed for a grown up person or a child. (c) Material for the chair, its strength and cost need to be determined. (d) Finally, the aesthetics of the designed chair. Almost everyone is involved in design, in one way or the other, in our daily lives because problems are posed and they need to be solved. Basic concept of machine design Decision making comes in every stage of design. Consider two cars of different makes. They may both be reasonable cars and serve the same purpose but the designs are different. The designers consider different factors and come to certain conclusions leading to an optimum design. Market survey gives an indication of what people want. Existing norms play an important role. Once a critical decision is made, the rest of the design features follow. For example, once we decide the engine capacity, the shape and size, then the subsequent course of the design would follow. A bad decision leads to a bad design and a bad product.

Design may be for different products and with the present specialization and knowledge bank, we have a long list of design disciplines e.g. ship design, building design, process design, bridge design, clothing or fashion design and so on. Here we are concerned with machine design. We now define a machine as a combination of resisting bodies with successfully constrained relative motions which is used to transform other forms of energy into mechanical energy or transmit and modify available energy to do some useful work. If it converts heat into mechanical energy we then call it a heat engine. This is illustrated in figure-1.

Fig 1.Conversion of heat to mechanical energy in a piston cylinder arrangement

In many cases however, the machines receive mechanical energy and modify it so that a specific task is carried out, for example a hoist, a bicycle or a hand-winch. This modification or transformation of energy requires a number of machine elements, some small and some large. Machine design involves primarily designing these elements so that they may transmit the forces safely and perform their task successfully. Consider the following simple mechanisms: (a) Hand winch (b) Small press operated by a power screw. In each one of these mechanisms some useful work is being obtained with certain combinations of a number of machine parts. Designing these mechanisms would involve firstly designing these elements and then assembling them in order.

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