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MR 1 2014 Problems

This document contains 14 mathematics problems submitted for consideration in various journals and competitions. The problems cover topics such as inequalities, geometry, number theory, and complex analysis. They range in difficulty from junior to olympiad level. The problems are proposed by mathematicians from around the world and seek to extend understanding and solve open problems in mathematics.

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390 views4 pages

MR 1 2014 Problems

This document contains 14 mathematics problems submitted for consideration in various journals and competitions. The problems cover topics such as inequalities, geometry, number theory, and complex analysis. They range in difficulty from junior to olympiad level. The problems are proposed by mathematicians from around the world and seek to extend understanding and solve open problems in mathematics.

Uploaded by

LêNhậtHoàng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Junior problems

J289. Let a be a real number such that 0 a < 1. Prove that


_
a
_
1 +
_
1
1 a
___
+ 1 =
_
1
1 a
_
.
Proposed by Arkady Alt, San Jose, California, USA
J290. Let a, b, c be nonnegative real numbers such that a +b +c = 1. Prove that
3
_
13a
3
+ 14b
3
+
3
_
13b
3
+ 14c
3
+
3
_
13c
3
+ 14a
3
3.
Proposed by Titu Andreescu, University of Texas at Dallas, USA
J291. Let ABC be a triangle such that BCA = 2ABC and let P be a point in its interior
such that PA = AC and PB = PC. Evaluate the ratio of areas of triangles PAB and
PAC.
Proposed by Panagiote Ligouras, Noci, Italy
J292. Find the least real number k such that for every positive real numbers x, y, z, the following
inequality holds:

cyc
(2xy +yz +zx) k(x +y +z)
6
.
Proposed by Dorin Andrica, Babes-Bolyai University, Romania
J293. Find all positive integers x, y, z such that
(x +y
2
+z
2
)
2
8xyz = 1.
Proposed by Aaron Doman, University of California, Berkeley , USA
J294. Let a, b, c be nonnegative real numbers such that a +b +c = 3. Prove that
1 (a
2
a + 1)(b
2
b + 1)(c
2
c + 1) 7.
Proposed by An Zhen-ping, Xianyang Normal University, China
Mathematical Reflections 1 (2014) 1
Senior problems
S289. Let x, y, z be positive real numbers such that x 4, y 9 and x + y + z = 49. Prove
that
1

x
+
1

y
+
1

z
1.
Proposed by Marius Stanean, Zalau, Romania
S290. Prove that there is no integer n for which
1
2
2
+
1
3
2
+ +
1
n
2
=
_
4
5
_
2
.
Proposed by Ivan Borsenco, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
S291. Let a, b, c be nonnegative real numbers such that ab +bc +ca = 3. Prove that
(2a
2
3ab + 2b
2
)(2b
2
3bc + 2c
2
)(2c
2
3ca + 2a
2
)
5
3
(a
2
+b
2
+c
2
) 4.
Proposed by Titu Andreescu, USA and Marius Stanean, Romania
S292. Given triangle ABC, prove that there exists X on the side BC such that the inradii of
triangles AXB and AXC are equal and nd a ruler and compass construction.
Proposed by Cosmin Pohoata, Princeton University, USA
S293. Let a, b, c be distinct real numbers and let n be a positive integer. Find all nonzero
complex numbers z such that
az
n
+bz +
c
z
= bz
n
+cz +
a
z
= cz
n
+az +
b
z
.
Proposed by Titu Andreescu, University of Texas at Dallas, USA
S294. Let s(n) be the sum of digits of n
2
+ 1. Dene the sequence (a
n
)
n0
by a
n+1
= s(a
n
),
with a
0
an arbitrary positive integer. Prove that there is n
0
such that a
n+3
= a
n
for all
n n
0
.
Proposed by Roberto Bosch Cabrera, Havana, Cuba
Mathematical Reflections 1 (2014) 2
Undergraduate problems
U289. Let a 1 be such that (a
n
)
1
n
Z for all suciently large integers n. Prove that a Z.
Proposed by Mihai Piticari, Campulung Moldovenesc, Romania
U290. Prove that there are innitely many consecutive triples of primes (p
n1
, p
n
, p
n+1
) such
that
1
2
(p
n+1
+p
n1
) p
n
.
Proposed by Ivan Borsenco, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
U291. Let f : R R be a bounded function and let S be the set of all increasing maps
: R R. Prove that there is a unique function g in S satisfying the conditions:
a) f(x) g(x), for all x R.
b) If h S and f(x) h(x) for all x R, then g(x) h(x) for all x R.
Proposed by Marius Cavachi, Constanta, Romania
U292. Let r be a positive real number. Evaluate
_
/2
0
1
1 + cot
r
x
dx.
Proposed by

Angel Plaza, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
U293. Let f : (0, ) R be a bounded continuous function and let [0, 1). Suppose there
exist real numbers a
0
, . . . , a
k
, with k 2, so that

k
p=0
a
p
= 0 and
lim
x
x

p=0
a
p
f(x +p)

= .
Prove that = 0.
Proposed by Marcel Chirita, Bucharest, Romania
U294. Let p
1
, p
2
, . . . , p
n
be pairwise distinct prime numbers. Prove that
Q(

p
1
,

p
2
, . . . ,

p
n
) = Q(

p
1
+

p
2
+ +

p
n
).
Proposed by Marius Cavachi, Constanta, Romania
Mathematical Reflections 1 (2014) 3
Olympiad problems
O289. Let a, b, x, y be positive real numbers such that x
2
x + 1 = a
2
, y
2
+ y + 1 = b
2
, and
(2x 1)(2y + 1) = 2ab + 3. Prove that x +y = ab.
Proposed by Titu Andreescu, University of Texas at Dallas, USA
O290. Let
1
and
2
be the two circles in the plane of triangle ABC. Let
1
,
2
be the circles
through A that are tangent to both
1
and
2
. Similarly, dene
1
,
2
for B and
1
,
2
for C. Let A
1
be the second intersection of circles
1
and
2
. Similarly, dene B
1
and
C
1
. Prove that the lines AA
1
, BB
1
, CC
1
are concurrent.
Proposed by Cosmin Pohoata, Princeton University, USA
O291. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers. Prove that
a
2

4a
2
+ab + 4b
2
+
b
2

4b
2
+bc + 4c
2
+
c
2

4c
2
+ca + 4a
2

a +b +c
3
.
Proposed by Titu Andreescu, University of Texas at Dallas, USA
O292. For each positive integer n let
T
n
=
n

k=1
1
k 2
k
.
Find all prime numbers p for which
p2

k=1
T
k
k + 1
0 (mod p).
Proposed by Gabriel Dospinescu, Ecole Normale Superieure, Lyon
O293. Let x, y, z be positive real numbers and let t
2
=
xyz
max(x,y,z)
. Prove that
4(x
3
+y
3
+z
3
+xyz)
2
(x
2
+y
2
+z
2
+t
2
)
3
.
Proposed by Nairi Sedrakyan, Yerevan, Armenia
O294. Let ABC be a triangle with orthocenter H and let D, E, F be the feet of the altitudes
from A, B and C. Let X, Y , Z be the reections of D, E, F across EF, FD, and
DE, respecitvely. Prove that the circumcircles of triangles HAX, HBY , HCZ share a
common point, other than H.
Proposed by Cosmin Pohoata, Princeton University, USA
Mathematical Reflections 1 (2014) 4

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