Teaching & learning

Additional mathematics
Form 4

CHAPTER 8

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Additional Mathematics Department

Sek Men Sains Muzaffar Syah Melaka

For Internal Circulations Only

1 Arc length, s = r θ

1 2
2 Area of sector , L = rθ
2
 Students will be able to:
Understand the concept of radian.
1.1 Convert measurements in radians to degrees and vice versa.

1. Radian

Converting measurements in radians to degrees and vice versa.

a) Angles can be measure in degrees ( o ) or radians ( rad )

A
r
o 1rad r
r
B

b) i) The angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc with the same length as the radius of the circle is define
as 1 radian
ii) If the length of the arc AB = 2r , then the angle subtended at the centre of the circle is 2 radians and so on

c) When the arc length = 2 π r (circumference of the circle) then the subtended angle = 2 π radian
Since the angle at the centre of a circle = 360o then 2 π rad = 360o
π rad = 180o
180 0
Thus 1 rad = = 57.3 0
π
π
I0 = rad = 0.01745 rad
180

Example 1/ Exercise 1 Convert the following angles in radian to degree and minutes

a) 0.45π rad Ans( 810 ) 2 c) 2.57π rad a) 3.75 rad

e) π rad Ans( 120 )
0

3 Ans ( 462 0 36' @ 462 .6 0 ) Ans ( 214 0 50' @ 214 .83 0 )

Example 2 Convert the following angles in degree and minutes to radians

a) 75 0 ( 1.309) b) 50.3
0
(0.878) c) 180 018' (3.147) f) 256 0 40' (4.48)

Homework Skill Practice 8.1 texts book page 181

 Using A scientific Calculator

Students will be able to:

2. Understand and use the concept of length of arc of a circle to solve problems.
2.1 Determine:
a) length of arc; b) radius; and c) angle subtended at the centre of a circle
based on given information
2.2 Find perimeter of segments of circles.
2.3 Solve problems involving lengths of arcs.

A Length of arc AB, s = r θ

r where r is the radius of the
s
o θ circle and θ is the angle in
r radians
B
Example 3 Find the length of the arcs in each of the circles below

a) [Ans 10.8 cm ] b) ans [ 7.333] c) Given that the length of the major
arc AB is 62 cm , find the length of
A 6cm
A the radius [r = 12.25cm ]
4cm
o 2.7 rad o 70° A
B B o 70°

Exercise [Ans a) 14.4 cm b) 32.47 c) = 114 0 35' ]

a) Find the length of AB b) Find the length of ADB c) Given that the length of arc AB is
15 cm and its radius is 7.5 cm
A 6cm A find θ in degree and minutes
8cm
o 1.8 rad D o 50°
A
B B
o
θ

Homework Text Book exercise 8.2.1 page 183

Complete the table below by finding the values of θ , r or s .

θ r s
1.5 rad 9 cm

14 cm 30 cm

540 2.828 cm
2.2 Finding perimeter of segments of circles.

A
r
(a) Perimeter of the segment AB
o θ
θ = 2 r sin + rθ
2
r θ
(b) For sin , θ is expressed in degrees
2
B

Line segment AB

Example 3 [ ans a) 19.1323 cm b) 20.96 cm

a) Find the perimeter of the shaded segments below b) Find the perimeter of the shaded segment
A P
5cm 7 cm
O 120º
O 66.5º

B Q

Exercise 3 [ Ans 17.275 cm b) 7.218 cm ]

a) Find the perimeter of the shaded segments below b) The diagram shows OAB is a sector of a circle
with centre O and radius 5 cm. BC is 1 cm
Find the perimeter of the shaded segments below
B
C
O
5 cm
1.855 rad

A B
O A
5 cm

Homework Text Book Exercise 8.8.2 page 184

 2.3 Solving problems involving lengths of arc

Example 4 [ Answer i) 0.75 rad ii) 14.5 cm ] b) 13.09 cm )

a)
The diagram shows B The Diagram shows , O is a
Q b) P
two arc QS and PR , of centre of a circle APC and ABC
P two circles with centre A is a semicircle where AC is a
C
O and with radii OS diameter. Find the perimeter of
60° the shaded region.
and OR . Given the
ratio 5 cm
O θ OS : OR = 4 : 3 and O
RS = 2 cm and QS = 6
cm find
R i) θ in rad
S ii) perimeter of the
shaded region

Exercise 4 [ Answer a) 60o 9' b) 8.4 cm 2

a) The diagram shows two The diagrams shows

circle with centre O . OQR and PQS are
Given that OD = 8cm , sectors of circles with
DC = 2 cm and the centers O and P
length of arc BC = 10.5 respectively. PS is
cm .Find perpendicular to OR
i) the angle of AOD in and the length of the
degree and minutes circular arc QR is 8π.
ii) the length of arc AD Calculate
a) the length of PS,
(b)the perimeter of
the shaded region,

Homework Text Book Exercise 8.2.3 page 185 and Skill practice 8.2 page 185
 Students will be able to:
3. Understand and use the concept of area of sector of a circle to solve problems.
3.1 Determine the: a)area of sector; b) radius; and c)angle subtended at the centre of a circle
based on given information.
3.2 Find the area of segments of circles.
3.2 Solve problems involving areas of sectors.

A Area of sector AOB is Area of segment AB is

r given by the formula, given by the formula,
o θ 1 2 1 2 1
A= r θ where θ is A= r θ - bh
r 2 2 2
B an angle in radians where b = base
h = heights
of triangle AOB θ is
an angle in radians

Example 5 Jb a) 65.46 cm2 b 165.888cm2 c) 8 π cm2

b)

Find the area of the shaded sector

Find the area of the shaded region
Find the area of the shaded sector

2
Exercise 5 [ Ans 42.4cm2 b 244.38 cm2 c 26 π cm2 ]
3
a) Find the area of the shaded b) Find the area of the shaded sector
sector Find the area of the
shaded region if BO
is 8 cm and BD is
4 cm.

Homework Text Book Exercise 8.3.1 page 187

2.2 Finding the area of areas of circles.
2 2
Example 6 [ ans a) 15.3547 cm b) ( 5.96 cm )
b) Find the area of the shaded segments below b) Find the area of the shaded segment
A P
5cm 7 cm
O 120º
O 66.5º

B Q

Exercise 6 [ Ans (11.19 cm2 ) b) ]

a) Find the area of the shaded segments below b) The diagram shows OAB is a sector of a circle
with centre O and radius 5 cm. BC is 1 cm. Find the
area of the shaded segments below

B
O
5 cm C

1.855 rad

A B

O A
5 cm

Homework Text Book Exercise 8.3.2 page 189

 2.4 Solving problems involving area of a circles

Diagram 2 shows a circle

AKBP centred at O, with radius
j cm and a sector APBH centred
at P with radius 15 cm.
Given that the ratio of the arc
AHB to the arc AKB is 6:7 and
∠ AOB = 1.2 radian.
Calculate
The diagram shows an isosceles triangle ABC in (a) the value of j [3 marks]
(b) the area of shaded region.
which BC = AC= 20 cm, and angle BAC = 0.7 [4 marks]
radians. DC is an arc of a circle, centre A. Find,
correct to 1 decimal place,
(i) the area of the shaded region, [4]

Homework Text Book Exercise 8.3.3 page 190 and skill practice 8.3 pg 191
Enrichment 1
R
1 SPM 2003(P1)

Diagram shows a sector ROS with center O.

θ θ = 0.8153rad
O
S
The length of the arc RS is 7.24 cm and the perimeter of the sector ROS is 25 cm. Find the value of θ , in rad.
[ 3 marks ]
2 SPM 2003(P2)
Diagram shows the sector POQ, center O with radius 10 cm. The point R on OP is such that OR : OP = 3 : 5
P
R

θ
O Q
Calculate
(a) the value of θ , in rad [ 3 marks ] (a) θ =0.9273 rad
(b) the area of the shaded region, in cm2 [ 4 marks ] (b) 22.365cm2
3 SPM 2004 (P1)

Diagram shows a circle with center O.

O 0.354 rad

Given that the length of the major arc AB is 45.51 cm, find the length, in cm, of the radius.(Use π = 3.142 )
[ 3 marks ]
r= 7.675 cm

4 SPM 2004 (P2)

Diagram shows a circle PQRT, center O and radius 5 cm. JQK is a tangent to the circle at Q. The straight lines, JO and
KO, intersect the circle at P and R respectively. OPQR is a rhombus. JLK is an arc of a circle, center O.

Calculate L
(a) the angle α , in terms of π [2 marks]
(b) the length, in cm of the arc JLK [4 marks]
(c) the area, in cm2 , of the shaded region. [4 marks] J K
2 Q R
(a) α = πrad P
3
α rad
(b) S= 20.94 cm
(c ) 61.40 cm2 O

5 SPM 2005 (P1)

T
Diagram shows a circle with center O.

O θ

B
The length of the minor arc AB is 16 cm and the angle of the major sector AOB is 290o. Using π = 3.142 , find
(a) the value of θ , in radians
(Give your answer correct to four significant figures)
(b) the length, in cm, of the radius of the circle. [ 3 marks ] (a) 1.222 rad
(b) r = 13.09 cm
6 SPM 2005 (P2)

It is given that OA: OP = 4:7 (Use π = 3.142 )

Calculate
(a) the length, in cm of AP [ 1 mark ] (a) 6 cm
(b) the perimeter, in cm , of the shaded region, [ 5 marks] (b) 24.403 cm
(c) the area, in cm2, of the shaded region. [ 4 marks] (c) 37.46 cm2

P
A

8 cm
π
rad
6
O Q
B

Enrichment 2

1 Diagram shows an arc AB and CD of two sector of a circle with center O. Given that BD = AC = 3 cm. If the perimeter of
ABDC is 12 cm, find the radius of OB.

C r = 7.5 rad
A

1
O rad
3

B
D
2 Diagram shows one part of a circle with center O and radius 10 cm. Given that the length of chord PQ is 6 cm. Find

(a) Angle POQ (a) 17o27’

(b) Area of OPQ (b) 28.63 cm2
(c) Area of the shaded part (c ) 1.855 cm2

10 cm

10 cm

Q
3 Diagram shows a circle with center O and radius 5 cm. Given that PT= 5 3 . PT is a tangent of a circle at point P. Find

(a) Angle θ (a) 60o=1.0472 rad

(b) Area of a minor sector ,OPQ (b) 13.09 cm2
(c) Area of the shaded part. (c) 8.5606 cm2
O

5 cm θ Q

T
P
4 Diagram shows two arc of AB and CD of two circles with center O and radius OA and OD respectively. Given that OA =
10 cm and OD = 14 cm and the perimeter of ABCD is 44 cm. Find

(a) Angle θ (a) 1.5 rad

(b) Area of ABCD C (b) 72 cm2
D

A B

O
5 The area of a sector AOB of a circle with center O and radius 10 cm is 10 π cm2. Point A joint to point C at OB. OC = 6
cm.
A
(a) Find the value of angle AOB. π
(b) Find the area of shaded part. (a) 36o / rad
5
O (b ) 13.786 cm2

C
B C

6 Diagram shows a triangle OBC which OB = 3.5 cm, angle AOB = 40o and angle OBC= 90o. AB is an arc of a circle
with center O. Find

(a) Perimeter OAB (a) 9.4434 cm

(b) Area of shaded part (b ) 0.8637 cm2
A

7 Diagram shows two sectors of AOB and OCD of a circle with center O 40o
3 O B
and radius 2k and 3k respectively. Angle AOB is rad and area of ABCD is
4
30 cm2. Find
C
(a) The value of k
(b) The difference of length AB and length CD.
A
(a) k = 4
(b) 3