Scribd
Upload
368 views

x' = xcosθ − ysinθ y' = xsinθ + ycosθ: Rotation

The document discusses different types of geometric transformations including rotation, scaling, and translation. Rotation involves rotating points around the origin by some angle and can be represented by trigonometric functions or matrices. Scaling enlarges or shrinks objects and can be thought of as multiplying point coordinates by a scaling factor. Translation moves every point of an object by adding a translation vector.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Izaan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
368 views

x' = xcosθ − ysinθ y' = xsinθ + ycosθ: Rotation

The document discusses different types of geometric transformations including rotation, scaling, and translation. Rotation involves rotating points around the origin by some angle and can be represented by trigonometric functions or matrices. Scaling enlarges or shrinks objects and can be thought of as multiplying point coordinates by a scaling factor. Translation moves every point of an object by adding a translation vector.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Izaan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Rotation

For rotation by an angle anticlockwise about the origin, the functional form is x' = xcos ysin and y' = xsin + ycos. Written in matrix form, this becomes

!imilarly, for a rotation clockwise about the origin, the functional form is x' ysin and y' = xsin + ycos and the matrix form is

= xcos +

[edit] Scaling
For scaling "that is, enlarging or shrinking#, we ha$e %he matrix form is and .

When

, then the matrix is a s&uee'e ma((ing and (reser$es areas in the (lane

Translation
)ssentially, translation refers to adding a $ector to each (oint in a sha(e. *magine a (oint at "+, +, +#. *f you wanted to translate that (oint u( one unit, you could con$ert the (oint to a $ector and add it to another $ector, like this
_ _ | | | 0 | | | | 0 | + | | | 0 | |_ _| _ _ | | | 0 | | | | 1 | = | | | 0 | |_ _| _ | | | | 1 | | |_ _ 0 | | _| 0 | | | |

*n essence, translating an ob,ect amounts to adding a $ector to each (oint in the ob,ect.

Scaling
*f translating an ob,ect means adding each (oint to a $ector, scaling could be seen as a multi(lying function. For exam(le, if you ha$e a circle with a (oint at "+, -, +# and

another (oint at "-, +, +#, you could make the circle twice as large by multi(lying each x, y, and ' $alue by .. %he resulting calculation would look something like this
_ _ | | | 0 | | | | 1 | | | | 0 | |_ _| _ _ | | | 0 | | | | 2 | | | | 0 | |_ _| _ _ | | | 1 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |_ _| _ _ | | | 2 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | |_ _|

* 2

* 2

*n fact, you can actually scale in /, 0, and 1 axes inde(endantly. 2ost 34 (ackages allow you to s(ecify a $ector for scaling which se(arately indicates how much you scale in each axis. 5lthough it's not exactly done this way mathematically, you can think of multi(lying two $ectors together for a scale, so if you ha$e a (oint "., ., .# and you want to scale it by "3, 6, 7#, you could "somewhat inaccurately# think of it like this...
_ _ | | | 2 | | | | 2 | * | | | 2 | |_ _| _ _ | | | 3 | | | | 4 | | | | 5 | |_ _| _ | | 6 | = | 8 | | 10 |_ _ | | | | | | _|

8lease note that this is NOT exactly how it's done. 9owe$er, * ha$e sim(lified the math to make the conce(t a little easier to understand. *n reality, the scale is usually done with either a single $alue, one direction at a time, or in a 3 x 3 matrix. !ince * ha$en't shown you matrices yet, *'m sim(lifying the math. !ee any linear algebra book for the com(lete truth.

Two - Dimension Rotation


%o (erform a rotation around the origin in two dimensions, mathematicians ha$e come u( with a series of trig formulas. :et's say we ha$e a (oint at "x, y# and we want to rotate the (oint by a radians. %he new x and y $alues can be determined by the following formulas
x' = (x * cos(a)) + (y * -sin(a)) y' = (x * sin(a)) + (y * cos(a))

;i$en any x, y, and a $alues, you can use these formulas to generate a new (oint x'y' that is rotated a radians around the origin. For exam(le, consider the following situation 0ou ha$e a (oint at "-, -# and you want to rotate it <+ degrees "(i=. radians#.

>y obser$ation, you can (robably tell that the result should be "?-, -#. cos"(i=.# is +, and sin"(i=.# is -. @se a calculator to confirm these results if necessary. Aow, you can re(lace the $ariables with the a((ro(riate $alues
x' = = = = y' = = = = (x * cos(a)) + (y * -sin(a)) (1 * 0) + (1 * -1) 0 - 1 -1 (x * sin(a)) + (y * cos(a)) (1 * 1) + (1 * 0) 1 + 0 1

(x', y') = (-1,1)

You might also like