GUJARAT UNIVERSITY M.E.

(ELECTRICAL) E-201 COMPUTER TECHNIQUES IN POWER SYSTEM

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Introduction: Digital computers in power system simulation. Nature and scope of power system studies. Component graph theory and multipoint representation of transmission network. Multi pole representation. Bus impedance matrix & algorithm !us admittance matrix & algorithm addition & remo"al of the !ranches short circuit studies# symmetrical & unsymmetrical faults#symmetrical components se$uence impedances network computation of currents and "oltages under faulted conditions Different methods of load flow studies %ypes of !uses &low chart and algorithm for '#( and N#) method (ta!ility studies types of sta!ilities mathematical defination. Methods of simulation of sta!ility. (teady state solution and numerical integration method. )epresentation of transmission network generators and *oad. sparsity techni$ues and diakoptic methods. )efrences: +. Computer %echni$ues in ,ower system -nalysis: # M. -. ,ai . %ata Mc'raw# /ill0 1. Computer Methods in power system -nalysis: # (%-'' & 2* -BI-D 3. Diakoptic & network: # /./ /-,, -C-D2MIC ,)2(( N24 56)7.

GUJARAT UNIVERSITY M.E. (ELECTRICAL) E-202 H*0h Vo%$"0e Te#h+*12e)

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+.2lectrical field stress li$uid gaseous & solid insulating materials used for /.8 theirproperties 2lectrical properties of "accum .,rocess of ionisation in gas. Break downsolid li$uid &9 gases.-pplication of insulating materials in rotating m:c transformer C.B ca!les capacitors& electronic e$uipmentsInsulation of transmission lines & s:s D.C circuits(pecial insulation for contaminated atmosphere. 1. 'eneration of high "oltage D.C & power fre$uency impulse "oltage & currentgeneration.6"er "oltage phenomenon & insulation con"erter# ordination.Measurement of high "oltages and current. 3./.8 testing of electrical e$uipments non destructi"e testing. ;.Design & planning of 2./.8 s:s & /.8 la!oratory. )eference !ooks : +. /.8. 2ngineering 1. /.8. 2ngineering 3. /.8. 2ngineering ;. /.8. 2ngineering By By By By # # # # Naidu & 7amra<u M. 7halifa M.,. Chaurasia C.*.4adhwa

GUJARAT UNIVERSITY M.E. (ELECTRICAL) E203-4 Po,e S!)$e' Re%*"5*%*$!

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1.

I+$ o62#$*o+ .

Meaning of relia!ility in engineering failures# Distri!ution of failure pro!a!ility Basic definition Deri"ation of relia!ility &unction. Discrete and continuous Marko" process %ransient !eha"iour and a!sor!ing states )elia!ility Model of maintained (ystem &ault tree analysis Monte Carlo (imulation Compound 2"ent and <oint Density function approach

2.

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'enerating Model *oad Model *oss of *oad Method *oss of 2nergy Method &re$uency and Duration Method Comparison 6f )elia!ility indices. 'eneration 2xpansion planning uncertainties in *oad ands 'eneration Models 6perating )eser"e e"aluation

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Marko"e -pproach 4eather dependence in transmission system Modelling Deterministic Contingency -nalysis ,ro!a!ilistic %ransmission system )elia!ility analysis Capacity (tate Classification !y (u!sets (u!set Decomposition for (ystem *6*, Calculations (u!set Decomposition for 2lement *6*, and .DN(0 Calculations )elia!ility Calculations for (ingle -reas Multiarea )elia!ility -nalysis Distri!ution (ystem )elia!ility for Mesh -nd radial (ystem .

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Interconnected (ystem with independent loads )ecursi"e techni$ue for two area relia!ility assessment su!station and switching station relia!ility -pplication to generation capacity relia!ility e"aluation application to composite generation and transmission system application to distri!ution system )eference Books : )elia!ility e"aluation for engineering systems By )oy Bilinton & -llon. )elia!ility 2ngineering for ,ower (ystems ## By )oy Bilinton & -llon. ,ower (ystem ,lanning ## ).*.(ulli"an.

GUJARAT UNIVERSITY M.E. (ELECTRICAL) E20--4 A9VANCE9 SWITCHGEAR ; INTERUPTING 9EVICES

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+. salient features of design fuses /igh power in circuit !reakers conductors etc. (pecifications application and determination of rating of circuit !reaker fra#oscillogram.(ynthetic testing. 1. Ph!)*#) o: #* #2*$ 5 e"(e " #)< .a0 /igh pressure arcs 2lectrode designs and arc column Ionisation processes and recom!ination current flow conducti"ity and power dissipation magnetic and thermal phenomenon themperature distri!ution static and transient characteristics dynamic arc e$uations and arc extinction. ,ost =ero currents and arc time constants current chopping..!0 8accum arcs: 2letrode phenomenon plasma region diffuse and constructed "accum arcs Interrupting atrility post=ero currents. 3. Me")2 e'e+$) o: " # 7" "'e$e ) 8oltage current and pressure arc geometry &undamental studies arc temperature gas density electron densities. -. Ne$,o ( ),*$#h*+0 #o+6*$*o+)=(hort circuit switching effect of neutral earthing (hort line faults load system switching effect of load power factor out of phase switching single phase switching closing and reclosing on long transmission lines reacti"e current switching capacitance switching. Book refrences: ,ower circuit Breaker theory and design: By. C./. &ulrschaim. I

GUJARAT UNIVERSITY M.E. (ELECTRICAL) E20/-4 Mo6e + Po,e S!)$e' P%"++*+0

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1. INTRO9UCTION %he 2lectric >tility Industry 'eneration (ystems %ransmission (ystems 2. LOA9 >ORCASTING Classification and Characteristics of *oads -pproaches to *oad &orecasting &orecasting Methodology 2nergy &orecasting ,eak Demand &orecasting Non#4eather#(ensiti"e &orecast .N4(&0 4eather#(ensiti"e &orecast .4(&0 %otal &orecast -nnual and Monthly ,eak Demand &orecasts 3. GENERATION SYSTEM COST ANALYSIS Cost -nalysis Corporate Models ,roduction -nalysis ,roduction Costing &uel In"entories 2nergy %ransactions and 6ff ? peak *oading 2n"ironmental Cost. -. ENERGY PRO9UCTION COST MO9ELS >OR >UEL 4U9GETING AN9 PLANNING Introduction %ypes of production cost programs ,ro!a!ilistic production cost programs (ample computation and exercise. /. CONTROL O> GENERATION Introduction 'enerator model *oad model ,rime#mo"er model 'o"erner model %ie line model 'eneration control. .. INTERCHANGE EVALUATION AN9 POWER POOLS Introduction 2conomy interchange 2conomy interchange e"aluation Interchange e"aluation with unit commitment Multiple interchange contracts -fter ? the ? fact production costing %ransmission losses in transaction e"aluation 6ther types of interchange ,ower pools. ?. POWER SYSTEM SECURITY Introduction &actors affecting power system security Contingency analysis : Detection of network pro!lems Correcting the generation dispatch. @. AN INTRO9UCTION TO STATE ESTIMATION IN POWER SYSTEMS Introduction ,ower system state estimation Maximum likelihood weighted least ? s$uares estimation (tate estimation of an -.C. network -n introduction to ad"anced topics in state estimation -pplication of power system estimation. )efernce Books : ,ower (ystem ,lanning :).*.(ulli"an. ,ower 'eneration 6peration & Control:-llen @. 4ood & Bruce &. 4ollen!erg

GUJARAT UNIVERSITY M.E. (ELECTRICAL) E203-A ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS AN9 MEASURMENTS

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1. REVIEW )e"iew of electronic circuit differential and operation amplifier oscillators comparators clipping and clamping circuits multi"i!rators logic gates flipflop multiplexers demultiplexers and decoders ripple and ring counters shift registers -:D and D:- con"erters. Digital read out de"ices. 2. ANALOG INSTRUMENTS AN9 MEASURMENTS Instruments for measuring "oltage and current: a"erage peak and peak#to# peak responding "oltmeters electronic "oltmeters for non#sinusoidal "oltages D.C. "oltmeter sampling "oltmeters synchronous detection "oltmetersA current pro!s for a.c. and D.C. measurment. Instruments for measuring circuit parameters: acti"e and passi"e resonant circuit methods for small inductances and capacitances meter "ector impedance meter Instruments for measuring -.&. and ).&. power: dual s$uare law "oltmeter method three ammeter method output power meters measurement with C.).6. calorimetric and !olometric methods directional couplers and attenuators Instruments for measuring fre$uency time and phase angles: fre$uency measurement# C.).6./eterodynes method 4ien Bridge wa"e meter analog electronic meter. *echer line systemA time measurement# timing maker analog electronic time inter"al metersA phase angle measurment#C.).6. analog electronic meter %esting of semiconductor de"ices: checkers ser"ice type testers analysisers and cur"e tracers for transistorsA testing of diodes thyristor lineal I.C. and digital I.C. 3. 9IGITAL INSTRUMENTS AN9 MEASURMENTS Digital counters and timersA !asic elements of digital counters application to the measurement of pulse count fre$uency fre$uency ratio time period a"erage time inter"al digital multimeter#arrangements for measuring d.c. -nd a.c. "oltages D.C. and a.c. current and resistance. -. INTER>ACE AN9 NOISE IN ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS AN9 SYSTEMS %heory of interference and random noise their measurement and reduction.

)efrence !ooks: B+C 2lectronic instrumentation !y: /.(.7alsi B1C - course in electrical & electronic measurements & instrumentation !y: -.7.(hawny

GUJARAT UNIVERSITY M.E. (ELECTRICAL) E20--A IN9USTRIAL ; PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION

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1. TRANS9UCER >UN9AMENTALS )e"iew of transducer for non electrical $uantity their characteristic and classification. 2. TRANS9UCER >OR IN9USTRIAL MEASURMENT 4orking principle and characteristics of transducers used for measuring weight density "i!ration distance thickness opacity etc. 3. TRANS9UCER >OR PROCESS MEASURMENT 4orking principle and characteristic of transducer .pnumetic electric optical magnetic nucleonic0 used for measuring pressure le"el temperature flow moisture and humidity and ,/ "alue. -. PROCESS CONTROLLERS Controller principles analog controllers digital controllers. /. >INAL CONTROL ELEMTEMTS Introduction pnumetic actuation hydrulic actuation electric actuation motor actuators control "al"es. .. 9ESIGN O> INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM (election of instruments for a gi"en process and their placement in the loops instrumentation diagram with standard sym!ols. ?. COMPUTER APPLICATION IN PROCESS PLANT 6 n line measurement and control of process "aria!les using microcomputers. @. CASE STU9Y (tudy of instrumentation schemes used in thermal power plant water treatment plant and steel plant.

)efrence !ooks:B+C Computer !ased industrial control !y:krishnakant B1C ,rocess control instrumentation technology !y: curtis <ohnson

GUJARAT UNIVERSITY M.E. (ELECTRICAL) E20/-A MEASURMENT SYSTEM

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1. GENERAL CONCEPTS &undamental methods of measurement concept of generalised measurement system types of measurements experimental engineering analysis. 2. GENERALISE9 PER>ORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (tatic performance characteristics static sensiti"ity linearity theresold resolution hysteresis and dead span and reada!ility of scale. 'eneralised static stiffness and input and output impedances Dynamic performance characterisitic.generalised mathematical model of measurement system. 6perational transfer function. Input types order of instruments. )esponse of =ero first and second order instruments to step ramp and sinusoidal input. %ransient and fre$uency response re$uirements of instrument transfer function for accurate measurement. Numerical correction of dynamic data. 2xperimental determination of measurement system parameters. *oading effect under dynamic conditions. 3. MEASURMENT ERROR AN9 I$) ANALYSIS -ccuracy and precision types of errors statistical analysis of data systematic .non#random0 errors determination and minimisation of systematic errors pro!a!ility concept and distri!ution law accidental .random0 errors calculation of mean "alue and standard de"iation from the measurements confidence limits con"ersion ta!les testing a distri!ution for normalcy propagation of error. -. ANALYSIS O> INSTRUMENT SYSTEM -nalysis using mechanical properties analysis using thermal property -nalysis using electrical properties analysis using radiant energy gas chromatography. /. STAN9AR9S International standards primary and secondary standard for "oltage current resistance inductance capacitance fre$uency and time. .. TESTING O> INSTRUMENTS )outine and type testing of electrical meter transducers and instrument transformer. )efrence !ooks: B+C - course in electrical & electronic measurment &

instrumentaion !y: -.7.(awhney B1C Measurement system !y: Doe!elin B3C ,rinciple of industrial instrumentation !y : patrana!is

GUJARAT UNIVERSITY M.E. (ELCTRICAL)

Theo ! P "#. 2 E 203-C MO9ERN CONTROL SYSTEM To$"% E&"' Se))*o Te ' P "#. To$"% M" ( +"% ,o ( M" ( ) ) . 100 /0 2/ 2/ 200

+. Introduction to non linear control system classification of non linearities and itDs effect on sta!ility Descri!ingfunction defination descri!ing function of "arious non# linearities descri!ing function analysis of non linear control system. 1. phase plane method of analysis on non linear control system +. (tate space analysis:#representation of systems.sol"ing time in"ariant state e$uations transfer matrix linear time "arying system state space analysis of descrete time system descrete time state e$uation. 1. *iyapuno"Ds method of sta!ility analysis#positi"e definite & negati"e definite sta!ility introduction to second method of *iyapuno" and use for optimisation 3. optimal and adapti"e control system o!ser"a!ility and controlla!ility as applied to non linear system Books:# B+C Modern control engineering !y # 7.6gata.,/I0 B1C Digital control & state "aria!le methods # M.'6,-*.%M/0

GUJARAT UNIVERSITY M.E. (ELCTRICAL) E20--C 9IGITAL CONTROL SYSTEM Theo ! +. P "#. 2 To$"% . E&"' M" () 100 Se))*o+"% /0 Te ' ,o ( 2/ P "#. 2/ To$"% M" () 200

Digital Control :# Computer Based Control ? Modem ? %rend In D.C. ? Configuration 6f Basic D.C. (ystem ? ,rinciples 6f (ignal Con"ersion ? Basic Discrete %ime (ignal Discrete %ime (ystems :# Introduction Discrete %ime (ystems ? -nd ItEs >tility 4ith Digital Computers ? %he F %ransform -ction ? (ol"ing Difference 2$uation By F %ransforms ? %he In"erse F %ransform ? ,ulse %ransfer &unction ? (ta!ility -nalysis In F ,lane.

1.

3. F # Domain Description 6f (ampled Continuous %ime ,lants :# F ? Domain Description 6f (ystems 4ith Dead ? %ime Implementation 6f Digital Controller ? Illustration 6f ,rotecti"e D.C. (ystem. ;. G. F# ,lane (pecifications 6f Control (ystem Design :# Digital Compensator Design ? F ,lane (ystems Modern Digital Communication >sing Computer :# 'lo!al Communication ? Introduction %o IN%2)N2% ? &ile %ransfer ,rotocol .&%,0 ? /yper %ext Mark#>p *anguage ./%M*0 ? Domain & -ddress ? Introduction ? De"elopment ? Interpretation ? Internet ,rotocol -ddress ? %C,:I, -ccounts ? 2#Mail Communication # IN%2)N2% M-I*IN' ,)6%6C6* ? Introduction %o 46)*D 4ID2 42B ? Core @-8- (cript

Books:# +. DI'I%-* C6N%)6* -ND (%-%2 8-)I-B*2 M2%/6D( # By M. 'opal %M/ 1. IN%2)N2% # By CI(tems %M/

GUJARAT UNIVERSITY M.E. (ELECTRICAL) E20/-C RO4OTICS

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Ro5o$ $e#h+o%o0!: areas of applications Ro5o$) "+6 Ro5o$) *+ 2)e: Definations properties general structure role of computers classification Ro5o$ Re7 e)e+$"$*o+= &unctional & graphical representation Matrix calculations & co#ordinate transformations. Degrees of freedom. 4")*# 7 o7e $! o: Ro5o$ #o+$ o%= Control !ased on the geometrical and kinematic model -ctuator ser"o control systems (tructural components Ro5o$ "#$2"$o ) ; 'o$o ): ,neumatic hydraulic & electrical !ell motor. D.C. motor ser"omotor stepping motor Ro5o$ )e+)o ): Internal & external )o!ot control !y computer %ask and performance of articulated artificial intelligence & "ision camera. %ypical applications of ro!ot. Re: e+#e)= .+0 -n introduction to )o!ot technology : By Michel Chirouse & ,hilip coeffect Cogen page ltd. .10 )o!ot control sensing "ision and intelligence: By &uo .30 )o!ot components : By &ranceis * note . Cogen ,age *td0