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Statically Inde. Structures

The document discusses analysis of statically indeterminate structures. It begins by defining what makes a structure statically indeterminate versus determinate. It then provides reasons for studying indeterminate structures, as most modern structures are indeterminate, including advantages like increased stability. It outlines methods for analyzing indeterminate structures, including force and displacement methods. Specific procedures are described for applying force and compatibility equations to solve for unknown forces and displacements. An example problem demonstrates applying these methods.

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Salem Albarki
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84 views

Statically Inde. Structures

The document discusses analysis of statically indeterminate structures. It begins by defining what makes a structure statically indeterminate versus determinate. It then provides reasons for studying indeterminate structures, as most modern structures are indeterminate, including advantages like increased stability. It outlines methods for analyzing indeterminate structures, including force and displacement methods. Specific procedures are described for applying force and compatibility equations to solve for unknown forces and displacements. An example problem demonstrates applying these methods.

Uploaded by

Salem Albarki
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANALYSIS OF INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES 1.

Introduction
A structure of any type is classified as statically indeterminate when the number of unknown reaction or internal forces exceeds the number of equilibrium equations available for its analysis. What is statically DETERMINATE structure? (Fig.1)
Fig.1 Fig.2

No. of unknown = 3 No. of equilibrium equations = 3 3 = 3 thus statically determinate

No. of unknown = 4 No. of equilibrium equations = 3 43 thus statically Indeterminate

Fig.3 No. of unknown = 6 No. of equilibrium equations = 5 6 5 thus statically Indeterminate

2.Why we study indeterminate structure ?


Most of the structures designed today are statically indeterminate Reinforced concrete buildings are considered in most cases as statically indeterminate structures since the columns & beams are poured as continuous member through the joints & over the supports More stable compare to determinate structure or in another word safer. In many cases more economical than determinate.

Contrast
Determinate Structure
P
PL3 /48EI Considerable compared to indeterminate structure P PL/4

Indeterminate Structure
DEFLECTION
PL3 /192EI Generally smaller than determinate structure P

STRESS

PL/8

High moment caused thicker member & more material needed P TEMPERATURE

Less moment, smaller cross section& less material needed P

No effect & no stress would be Developed in the beam

Serious effect and stress would be developed in the beam

Methods of Analyses
FORCEDISPLACEMENT
The force displacement requirement depend upon the way the material responds, which assumed linear-elastic response

EQUILIBRIUM

COMPATIBILITY
Compatibility is satisfied when the various segments of the structure fit together without intentional breaks or overlaps

Equilibrium is satisfied when the reactive forces hold the structure at rest

Methods of Analysis
Two different Methods are available

Force method
known as consistent deformation, unit load method,

flexibility method, or the superposition equations method. The primary unknowns in this way of analysis are forces

Displacement method

Known as stiffness matrix method The primary unknowns are displacements

Force method of analysis


The deflection or slope at any point on a structure as a result of a number of forces, including the reactions, is equal to the algebraic sum of the deflections or slopes at this particular point as a result of these loads acting individually General Procedure Indeterminate to the first degree 1 Compatibility equation is needed Choosing one of the support reaction as a redundant The structure become statically determinate & stable
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Downward displacement B at B calculated (load action) BB upward deflection per unit force at B Compatibility equation 0 = B + ByBB Reaction By known Now the structure is statically determinate

General Procedure
Indeterminate to the first degree 1 Compatibility equation is needed Choosing MA at A as a redundant The structure become statically determinate & stable
Rotation A at A caused by load P is determined AA rotation caused by unit couple moment applied at A Compatibility equation 0 = A + MA AA Moment MA known Now the structure is statically determinate

General Procedure
Indeterminate to the 2nd degree 2 Compatibility equations needed Redundant reaction B & C Displacement B &C caused by load P1 & P2 are determined

BB & BC Deflection per unit force at B are determined CC & CB Deflection per unit force at C are determined Compatibility equations 0 =B + ByBB + CyBC 0 =C + ByCB + CyCC Reactions at B & C are known Statically determinate structure

Maxwells Theorem
The displacement of a point B on a structure due to a unit load acting at a point A is equal to the displacement of point A when the unit load is acting at point B is:

fBC=fCB
The rotation of a point B on a structure due to a unit moment acting at a point A is equal to the rotation of point A when the unit moment is acting at point B the is BC=CB

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Procedure for Analysis


Determine the degree of statically indeterminacy Identify the redundants, whether its a force or a moment, that would be treated as unknown in order to form the structure statically determinate & stable Calculate the displacements of the determinate structure at the points where the redundants have been removed Calculate the displacements at these same points in the determinate structure due to the unit force or moment of each redundants individually Workout the compatibility equation at each point where there is a redundant & solve for the unknown redundants Knowing the value of the redundants, use equilibrium to determine the remaining reactions

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Example Determine the reaction at B Indeterminate to the 1st degree thus one additional equation needed Lets take B as a redundant Determine the deflection at point B in the absence of support B. Using the momentarea method 300kNm B = 1/EI[300x6/2{(x6)+6}] B = 9000 kNm3/EI Determine the deflection caused by A the unit load at point B

50kN
B C

13

0= 9000 /EI + BY 576 /EI BY =15.6kN BB =1/EI[12x12/2xx12] BB = 576m3 /EI Compatibility equation 0=B +BY BB
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The reaction at B is known now so the structure is statically determinate & equilibrium equations can be applied to get the rest of the unknowns

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60kN 90kN

A
D 60kN

C
E 90kN E C C CC

B 60kN B A

90kN

B 81.67

68.33

205

230
B 1.34 A D 0.44

245 2.67 1.67 B C E

A C

1.0
0.56
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Compatibility Equation
20kN 8kN / m A 3 B 2.5 2.5 C

B =B1 =RB BB

RB = B / BB
C

20kN 8kN / m A B B

B1 =RB BB
B RB

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