Scribd
Upload
126 views

Transient of R.C. Circuit

The document describes an experiment on the transient response of an RC circuit. It includes: - Connecting a signal generator and oscilloscope to an RC circuit to observe the voltage over time across the capacitor (VC) and resistor (VR) during charging and discharging. - Mathematical equations are provided describing the exponential decay of current (IC) and voltages (VC, VR) over the RC circuit's time constant during both phases. - Procedures are outlined for setting up the circuit and measuring/plotting the voltages during charging and discharging cycles.

Uploaded by

Arinder Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
126 views

Transient of R.C. Circuit

The document describes an experiment on the transient response of an RC circuit. It includes: - Connecting a signal generator and oscilloscope to an RC circuit to observe the voltage over time across the capacitor (VC) and resistor (VR) during charging and discharging. - Mathematical equations are provided describing the exponential decay of current (IC) and voltages (VC, VR) over the RC circuit's time constant during both phases. - Procedures are outlined for setting up the circuit and measuring/plotting the voltages during charging and discharging cycles.

Uploaded by

Arinder Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

University of Technology Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Department Communication Engineering Lab. EXP.NO.

TRANSIENT OF R.C. CIRCUIT


OBJECT: To investigate the transient response of RC circuit. APPARATUS: 1. Signal function generator 2. Oscilloscope 3. Resistors, capacitor THEORY: We will discuss the potential and current developed within the network of fig.(1)

Fig.(1) R.C. circuit We need an equivalent cct. To explain what will happen in both charge & discharge phases of R.C. circuit. Fig(2).

University of Technology Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Department Communication Engineering Lab. EXP.NO.2

TRANSIENT OF R.C. CIRCUIT

1-CHARGING PHASE: The instant the switch is closed at t =0 the electrons are transfer from the top plate and deposited on the bottom plate by the battery, resulting in a net positive charge on the top plate and negative charge on the bottom plate . the transfer of electrons is very rapid at first ,slowing down as the potential across the capacitor approaches the applied voltage of the battery .when the voltage across the capacitor equals to the battery voltage, the transfer of electrons will cease and the plates will have a net charge determined by Q=CVC=CE. Plots of the changing current and voltage appear in fig (3) &(4) respectively ,

University of Technology Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Department Communication Engineering Lab. EXP.NO.2

TRANSIENT OF R.C. CIRCUIT

at t=0 s ,the current jumps to value limited only by the resistance of the network and then decays to zero as the plates are charged ,since the voltage across the plates is directly related to the charge on the plates by( vc=q/C) ,as the rate of flow of (I) decreases ,the rate of change in voltage will follow. The flow of charge will stop ,the current I will be zero ,and the voltage Will cease to change in magnitude. at this point the capacitor takes on the characteristics of an open circuit ,and the voltage across the capacitor is the source voltage as shown in fig. (5) .

University of Technology Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Department Communication Engineering Lab. EXP.NO.2

TRANSIENT OF R.C. CIRCUIT

The mathematical equation for the charging current ic can be obtained: t / RC ic=E/R(e ) The following equation for the voltage across the capacitor can be determined: Vc=E(1-e t / RC ) The factor RC in equations above is called the time constant and has the units of time (second) and it called tau ( ) =RC (second) The voltage across the resistor is determined by ohm's law: VR(t)=E e t / A plot of vR(t) appears in fig.(7)

University of Technology Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Department Communication Engineering Lab. EXP.NO.2

TRANSIENT OF R.C. CIRCUIT

2-DISCHARGE PHASE : The network of fig.(2)is designed to both charge & discharge the capacitor . when the switch is placed in position 1,the capacitor will charge toward the supply voltage as described in the charging phase .at any point in the charging process ,if the switch is moved to position 2,the capacitor will begin to discharge at the same time constant =RC .the established voltage across the capacitor will create a flow of charge in the closed path that will eventually discharge the capacitor completely. The capacitor functions like battery with decreasing terminal voltage .note that the current ic has reversed direction, changing the polarity of the voltage across R. If the capacitor had charged to the full battery voltages as indicated in fig( 8 )

University of Technology Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Department Communication Engineering Lab. EXP.NO.2

TRANSIENT OF R.C. CIRCUIT

the equation for the decaying voltage across the capacitor would be the following : VC= E e t / RC ..discharging The resulting curve will have the same shape as the curve for iC& vR in the charging phase. During the discharge phase, the current ic will also decrease with time as defined by the following equation: IC=E/R e t / RC . Discharging The voltage vR = vC VR = E e t / RC ..discharging The complete discharge will occur for all practical purposes in five time constant if the switch is moved between terminal 1&2 every five time constant the wave shapes of fig.(9)will result for vC ,iC, vR.

University of Technology Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Department Communication Engineering Lab. EXP.NO.2

TRANSIENT OF R.C. CIRCUIT

PROCEDURE: 1- Connect the cct. As shown in fig (10) 2- Adjust the function generator to give (8) v p.p (140) Hz and check the signal on oscilloscope channel.

University of Technology Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Department Communication Engineering Lab. EXP.NO.2

TRANSIENT OF R.C. CIRCUIT

Requirements: 1. plot (vin) versus time {write on the graph paper the voltage &time scales} 2. plot (vc)versus time. 3. plot(vR) versus time. Discussion: 1. Define a capacitor. 2. Define time constant ( ) for charging & discharging phase. 3. You have the function : y=f(x) =e x Find the value of y when(x) has the following values: 0, 1, 2,5,10,100 Record your result as shown in the table below : x Y(x) 0 1 2 5 10 100

University of Technology Laser & Optoelectronics Engineering Department Communication Engineering Lab. EXP.NO.2

TRANSIENT OF R.C. CIRCUIT

4. For the cct. Shown below calculate (for charging phase and discharging phase ) a) ( ) b) Write the equation of Vc c) Write the equation of ic d) Write the equation of VR e) For charging phase plot (on a graph paper) i. VC ii. iC iii. VR iv. E

You might also like