MINI PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE

Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
By PARAMESHWARI.P RAMYA SREE.K SIRISHA.D SUSHEELA.A 07241A0241 07241A0246 07241A0251 08245A0201

SHRAVANA VINDHYA.CH 07241A252

Under the guidance of

Mr. K.SATISH KUMAR Assistant Professor

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

GOKARAJU RANGARAJU INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, BACHUPALLY, HYDERABAD-72

2011

GOKARAJU RANGARAJU INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE that is being submitted by PARAMESHWARI.P 07241A0241,RAMYA SREE.K 07241A0246,SIRISHA.D 07241A0251,SHRAVANA VINDHYA.C07241A252,SUSHEELA.A 08245A0201in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical and Electronics to the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University is a record of bonafide work carried out by him under my guidance and supervision. The results embodied in this project report have not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any Graduation degree.

Mr.P.M.Sarma HOD, EEE GRIET, Hyderabad

External Examiner

Mr. K.SATHISH KUMAR Assistant Professor, EEE GRIET, Hyderabad (Project Guide)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This is to place on record my appreciation and deep gratitude to the persons without whose support this project would never seen the light of day.

I wish to express my propound sense of gratitude to Mr. P. S. Raju, Director, G.R.I.E.T for his guidance, encouragement, and for all facilities to complete this project.

I also express my sincere thanks to Mr. P.M.Sarma, Head of the Department,EEE, G.R.I.E.T for extending his help.

I have immense pleasure in expressing my thanks and deep sense of gratitude to my guide Mr. K.SATHISH KUMAR, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, G.R.I.E.T for his guidance throughout this project.

I express my gratitude to The Coordinator, Project Review Committee, G.R.I.E.T for his valuable recommendations and for accepting this project report

Finally I express my sincere gratitude to all the members of faculty and my friends who contributed their valuable advice and helped to complete the project successfully.

PARAMESHWARI.P RAMYA SREE.K SIRISHA.D

07241A0241

07241A0246

07241A0251

SHRAVANA VINDHYA.CH 07241A252 SUSHEELA.A 08245A0201

ABSTRACT

According to Election Data Services the percentage of electronic voting machines per county doubled between 1998 and 2002 to 16 percent-, yet a full replacement of the traditional voting procedure is very unlikely. In its essence, an electronic voting machine is a computer assisted self-interviewing device (CASI) giving the voter the opportunity to review and change his/her vote before submitting it. The different types of voting machines allow for different kinds of interaction, such as using a touch screen technology, using a dial wheel, touching a paper panel, or pressing a button on an LCD screen. Each machine provides feedback for blank ballots and under-voting and prevents selecting more choices than the maximum allowed. Some machines even have advanced functions such as increasing the font for visually impaired voters and/or allowing for listening of the voting options rather than reading. The common features electronic voting machines share with CASI and ACASI devices allow for theoretical and empirical predictions of the advantages and disadvantages this technology can provide. The paper presents an overview of the different types of voting machines and based on established theories and results from CASI and ACASI studies, examines and compares characteristics of the machines currently used and computer-human interaction mechanisms, their potential effects, and unexplored applications. Furthermore, possibilities such as prediction of candidates name order effect, already existing in the literature, and computer literacy effect on voting are discussed

CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION: 1.1 The Electronic Voting Machine An Electronic Marvel. 1.2 Description 2. TOOLS USED: 2.1 Hardware Tools 2.2 Software Tools 3. FLOW DIAGRAM: 4. BLOCK DIAGRAM 4.1.Description Of BlockDiagram

5. OPERATION
5.1 Operation or Working of Project: 6.SOFTWARE CODE: 6.1 C code 6.2 Proteus file 7.HARDWARE DESIGN 8.ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS 9.CONCLUSION:

CHAPTER :1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Electronic Voting Machine An Electronic Marvel.

Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) retains all the characteristics of voting by ballot papers, while making polling a lot more expedient. Being fast and absolutely reliable, the EVM saves considerable time, money and manpower. And, of course, helps maintain total voting secrecy without the use of ballot papers. The EVM is 100 per cent tamper proof. And, at the end of the polling, just press a button and there you have the results.

1.2 Description:
Electronic voting machine has now days become an effective tool for voting. It ensures flawless voting and thus has become more widespread. It ensures people about their vote being secured. It avoids any kind of malpractice and invalid votes. Also such kind of system becomes more economical as consequent expenditure incurred on manpower is saved. It is also convenient on the part of voter, as he has to just press one key whichever belongs to his candidates. voting machines are the total combination of mechanical, electromechanical, or electronic equipment (including software, firmware, and documentation required to program control, and support equipment), that is used to define ballots; to cast and count votes; to report or display election results; and to maintain and produce any audit trail information. The first voting machines were mechanical but it is increasingly more common to use electronic voting machines. A voting system includes the practices and associated documentation used to identify system components and versions of such components; to test the system during its development and maintenance; to maintain records of system errors or defects; to determine specific changes made

after initial certification; and to make available any materials to the voter (such as notices, instructions, forms, or paper ballots). Traditionally, a voting machine has been defined by the mechanism the system uses to cast votes and further categorized by the location where the system tabulates the votes. Voting machines have different levels of usability, security, efficiency and accuracy. Certain systems may be more or less accessible to all voters, or not accessible to those voters with certain types of disabilities. They can also have an effect on the public's ability to oversee elections.

CHAPTER:2 TOOLS USED

2.1 HARDWARE TOOLS:
The control Unit : In Total control of the polling Conduction of polling, display of total votes polled, sealing at the end of the poll, and finally, declaration of results these are the various accomplishments of just one gadget : the control unit. In total control of the polling, this electronic unit gives you all necessary information at a press of a few buttons. For instance, if you need to know the total number of votes, you just have to press the Total switch. Candidates-wise results can be had only at the end of polling.

The Ballot Unit : An electronic ballot box. A simple voting device, it displays the list of candidates. A facility to incorporate party names and symbols is in-built. All the voter has to do is press the desired switch located next to the name of each candidate. The main advantage is the speed, apart from the simplicity of operation, which requires no training at all. A single ballot unit takes in the names of 16 candidates. And thus, by connecting four ballot units the EVM can accommodate a total of 64 candidates in a single election.

2.2 SOFTWARE TOOLS:

KEIL SOFTWARE: The Keil 8051 Development Tools are designed to solve the complex problems facing embedded software developers.

When starting a new project, simply select the microcontroller you use from the Device Database and the Vision IDE sets all compiler, assembler, linker, and memory options for you.

Numerous example programs are included to help you get started with the most popular embedded 8051 devices.

The Keil Vision Debugger accurately simulates on-chip peripherals (IC, CAN, UART, SPI, Interrupts, I/O Ports, A/D Converter, D/A Converter, and PWM Modules) of your 8051 device. Simulation helps you understand hardware configurations and avoids time wasted on setup problems. Additionally, with simulation, you can write and test applications before target hardware is available.

PROTEUS SOFTWARE:

Proteus 7.0 is a Virtual System Modelling (VSM) that combines circuit simulation, animated components and microprocessor models to co-simulate the complete microcontroller based designs. This is the perfect tool for engineers to test their microcontroller designs before constructing a physical prototype in real time. This

program allows users to interact with the design using on-screen indicators and/or LED and LCD displays and, if attached to the PC, switches and buttons. One of the main components of Proteus 7.0 is the Circuit Simulation -- a product that uses a SPICE3f5 analogue simulatorkernel combined with an event-driven digital simulator that allow users to utilize any SPICE model by any manufacturer. Proteus VSM comes with extensive debugging features, including breakpoints, single stepping and variable display for a neat design prior to hardware prototyping. In summary, Proteus 7.0 is the program to use when you want to simulate the interaction between software running on a microcontroller and any analog or digital electronic device connected to it. Advantages: Real time simulation. Time and money saving.

CHAPTER:3 FLOW DIAGRAM

CHAPTER:4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE:

Fig.4.1 Block diagram of electronic voting machine

4.1 Description in detail:

The Electronic Voting Machine basically consists of four main blocks; these are keypad, micro controller, display and control switches

Fig 4.2 AT89C51 Micro Controller 1)Micro controller: Micro controller senses the signal given from switches and decides the mode of operation in voting mode it increments the data for corresponding key i.e. respective candidate as well as it sends signal to display block to indicate one key is pressed. In counting mode micro controllers fetches data from memory location and send it to display devices.

Fig 4.3 LCD

2) LCD: Liquid Crystal Display which is commonly known as LCD is an Alphanumeric Display it means that it can display Alphabets, Numbers as well as special symbols thus LCD is a user friendly Display device which can be used for displaying various messages unlike seven segment display which can display only numbers and some of the alphabets. The only disadvantage of LCD over seven segment is that seven segment is robust display and be visualized from a longer distance as compared to LCD. Here I have used 16 x 2 Alphanumeric Display which means on this display I can display two lines with maximum of 16 characters in one line.

Fig 4.4 LED LED: A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for other lighting.Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as replacements for aviation lighting, automotive lighting (particularly brake lamps, turn signals and indicators) as well as in traffic signals.

Fig 4.5 Control Switch 3) Control switches: There are three control switches: I. Clear Votes. II. Controller switch. III. Total Votes

CHAPTER:5 OPERATION
5.1 Operation or Working of Project:
1] Power on: When supply is turned on RED LED glows. 2] Mode selection: i. Voting mode: toggle switch on VCC ii. Counting mode: toggle switch on GND. Voting Mode: When toggle switch is in voting mode Voting mode is displayed followed by Please vote. After a vote being given, Please wait for authority switch is displayed and again enable for voting after Control switch being pressed by the voting Authority. Counting Mode: When toggle switch is in counting mode Counting mode in displayed on the screen, and total number of votes to respective candidate can be displayed on the screen by pressing the respective key assigned to them. 3] Clear mode: Press clear switch when all entries are required to be erased. Clear switch should be pressed before voting procedure. 4] Buzzer indication: Pressing of key in voting mode is indicated by a buzzer sound. 5] Controller switch: This switch is provided for enabling the keypad in voting mode. This switch is under the control of voting authority.

CHAPTE:6 SOFTWARE CODE

6.1 C code:
#include<reg51.h> sfr input=0x90; sfr ldata=0xa0; sbit rs=P0^7; sbit rw=P0^6; sbit en=P0^5; sbit m=P3^0; sbit n=P3^1; sbit buzz=P3^2; sbit on=P3^3; void delay(int ); void lcdcmd(char ); void lcddata1(char *); void lcddata(char); //void lcd(); int i1,i11,i12,i2,i21,i22,i3,i31,i32,i4,i41,i42,i5,i51,i52,i6,i61,i62,i7,i71,i72,i8,i81,i82=0;

void main() { on=0; P1=0;P3=0; while(1) { lcdcmd(0x38); delay(10); lcdcmd(0x0e) ; delay(10); lcdcmd(0x01); lcdcmd(0x06) ; delay(20) ;

if(n==1) on=1; if(m==1&on==1) { if (input==0x01) {

buzz=1; while (input == 0x01); i1=i1 + 1; if(i1>=10) i11=i1/10; i12=i1%10; on=0; buzz=0; //ready=0; } if (input==0x02) {buzz=1; while (input == 0x02); { i2=i2 + 1; if(i2>=10) i21=i2/10; i22=i2%10; on=0;

buzz=0; } } if (input==0x04) { buzz=1; while (input ==0x04); { i3=i3 + 1; if(i3>=10) i31=i3/10; i32=i3%10; on=0; buzz=0; } } if (input==0x08) { buzz=1;

while (input == 0x08); { i4=i4 + 1; if(i4>=10) i41=i4/10; i42=i4%10; on=0; buzz=0; } } if (input==0x10) { buzz=1; while (input == 0x10); { i5=i5 + 1; if(i5>=10) i51=i5/10; i52=i5%10;

i5=0; on=0; buzz=0; } } if (input==0x20) { buzz=1; while (input == 0x20); { i6=i6 + 1; if(i6>=10) i61=i6/10; i62=i6%10; on=0; buzz=0; } } if (input==0x40)

{ buzz=1; while (input == 0x40); { i7=i7 + 1; if(i7>=10) i71=i7/10; i72=i7%10; on=0; buzz=0; } } if (input==0x80) { buzz=1; while (input == 0x80); { i8=i8 + 1; if(i7>=10)

i81=i8/10; i82=i8%10; on=0; buzz=0; } }} if(m==0)//else { if (input==0x01) { lcddata1(" CONRESS="); lcddata(i11+0x30); lcddata(i12+0x30); delay(100); } if (input==0x02) { lcdcmd(0x01); lcddata1(" BJP=");

lcddata(i21+0x30); lcddata(i22+0x30); delay(100); } if (input==0x04) { lcdcmd(0x01); lcddata1(" CP(M&I)="); lcddata(i31+0x30); lcddata(i32+0x30); delay(100); } if (input==0x08) { lcdcmd(0x01); lcddata1(" TDP="); lcddata(i41+0x30); lcddata(i42+0x30); delay(100);

} if(input==0x10) { lcdcmd(0x10); lcddata1(" TRS="); lcddata(i51+0x30); lcddata(i52+0x30); delay(100); } if(input==0x20) { lcdcmd(0x01); lcddata1(" PRP="); lcddata(i61+0x30); lcddata(i62+0x30); delay(100); } if(input==0x40) {

lcdcmd(0x01); lcddata1(" INDEPENDANT1="); lcddata(i71+0x30); lcddata(i72+0x30); delay(100); } if(input==0x80) { lcdcmd(0x01); lcddata1(" INDEPENDANT2="); lcddata(i81+0x30); lcddata(i82+0x30); delay(100); } else{ lcdcmd(0x01); lcddata1("press key "); delay(100) ; }}

}} void delay(int time) { int i,j; for(i=0;i<time;i++) for(j=0;j<900;j++); } void lcdcmd(char value) { ldata=value; rs=0; rw=0; en=1; delay(2); en=0; } void lcddata1(char *value) { int i;

for(i=0;value[i]!='\0';i++)

{ ldata=value[i]; rs=1; rw=0; en=1; delay(1); en=0; } } void lcddata(char value) { ldata=value; rs=1; rw=0; en=1; delay(1); en=0; }

6.2 PROTEUS FILE:

FIG 6.1 PROTEUS file

CHAPTER:7 HARDWARE DESIGN

Fig 7.1 Hardware design of electronic voting machine

CHAPTER:8 ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

ADVANTAGES:
1.It is economical 2. Less manpower required 3. Time conscious, as less time required for voting & counting 4. Avoids invalid voting 5. Saves transportation cost due to its compact size 6. Convenient on the part of voter

APPLICATIONS:
This could be used for voting purpose at any required place.

CHAPTER:9 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

In this paper, we have described the specification and architecture of a ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE .Various fault-tolerance and security issues are delegated to the platform itself, therefore relieving the application designer from accommodating these features in the application design itself. This approach allows for the easy development and deployment of applications. For quite some time, voting equipment vendors have maintained that their systems are secure, and that the closed-source nature makes them even more secure. Our glimpse into the code of such a system reveals that there is little difference in the way code is developed for voting machines relative to other commercial endeavors. In fact, we believe that an open process would result in more careful development, as more scientists, software engineers, political activists, and others who value their democracy would be paying attention to the quality of the software that is used for their elections. (Of course, open source would not solve all of the problems with electronic elections. It is still important to verify somehow that the binary program images running in the machine correspond to the source code and that the compilers used on the source code are non-malicious. However, open source is a good start.) Such open design processes have proven successful in projects ranging from very focused efforts, such as specifying the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) [23], through very large and complex systems such as maintaining the Linux operating System. Australia is currently using an open source voting system10Alternatively, security models such as the voter-veried audit trail allow for electronic voting systems that produce a paper trail that can be seen and veried by a voter. In such a system, the correctness burden on the voting terminals code is signicantly less as voters can see and verify a physical object that describes their vote. Even if, for whatever reason, the machines cannot name the winner of an election, then the paper ballots can be recounted, either mechanically or manually, to gain progressively more accurate election results. Voter-veriable audit trails are required in some U.S. states, and major DRE vendors have made public statements that they would support such features if their customers required it. The EVM project an ambitious attempt to create an open-source voting system with a voter-veriable audit trail

a laudable goal The model where individual vendors write proprietary code to run our elections appears to be unreliable, and if we do not change the process of designing our voting systems, we will have no condence that our election results will reect the will of the electorate. We owe it to ourselves and to our future to have robust, well-designed election systems to preserve the bedrock of our democracy