Immunotherapy
Jill Matsuoka Principles and Practice II Argosy University
What is Immunotherapy
Also called biologic therapy or biotherapy, immunotherapy uses the bodys own immune system to fight diseases such as cancer This can be accomplished two ways:
Stimulating your own immune system to attack cancer
cells
Introducing man made immune system components (American Cancer Society, 2013)
History of Immunotherapy
William
Coley, MD
Surgeon
in New York, late 1800s Noticed improvement in cancer patients following infections Began infecting his patients with bacteria
Became
known as Coley Toxins
Technique
overshadowed with advancement of other treatments
(American Cancer Society, 2013)
Types of Immunotherapy
Monoclonal Antibodies Cancer Vaccines
Non-specific & Adjuvants
Lymphokine Activated Killer Cells Tumor Infiltrating lymphocytes
Man made immune system proteins Triggers an immune response Stimulate & boosts the immune system Fight cancer cells Specialty immune system cells
(American Cancer Society, 2013)
Monoclonal Antibodies
Antibodies, or proteins, that attack antigens
Antigen specific
Two types (mAbs):
Naked mAbs work alone Conjugated mAbs work with a toxin, chemotherapy drug or radioactive particle
Very few side effects Around a dozen are FDA approved
Herceptin: naked Zevalin: conjugated radiolabeled
Vaccines
Used to prime the immune system to mount an attack Primary goal is to help treat and prevent recurrence Prevention of certain types of cancer Provenge Gardisil HPV
All Cervical 70% H&N 90% Anal 75% Vaginal 70% Vulvar 60% Penile
(Cancer Research Institute, 2014)
(Cancer Research Institute, 2014)
Non-specific and Adjuvants
Not cell or antigen specific Can be used alone or as an adjuvant Cytokines
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Interferon (IFN) Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
Other non-specific drugs
Thalidomide & Lenalidomide Bacille Calmette-Guerin Imiquimod
New Immunotherapies
Currently being studied in clinical trials Lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy (LAK)
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes vaccine (TILs)
Types of Cancer that Benefit from Immunotherapy
Breast
Pancreatic Brain
Ovarian
Melanoma
Prostate
Lung
Bladder Cervical
Colorectal
Immunotherapy & Cancer
Melanoma 2011
Yervoy (ipilimumab)(mAb) Zelboraf
Brain 2013
Interleukin-12
(Science Daily 2014)
Pancreatic 2013
Plerixafor
References
Cancer immunotherapy. (n.d.). In Cancer research institute. Retrieved February 6, 2014, from Cancer Research Institute website: http://www.cancerresearch.org/cancer-immunotherapy/impacting-allcancers Chustecka, Z. (2013, October 31). "Exciting times" with immunotherapy in lung cancer. In Medscape. Retrieved February 8, 2014, from WebMD LLC website: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/813526
Danielli, R., Ridolfi, R., Chiarion-Sileni, V., Queirolo, P., Testori, A., Plummer, R., . . . Maio, M. (2012). Ipilimumab in pretreated patients with metastatic uveal melanoma: safety and clinical efficacy. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy, 61(1), 41-48. doi:10.1007/s00262-0111089-0
New immunotherapy for malignant brain tumors. (2013, November 25). In Science daily. Retrieved February 8, 2014, from ScienceDaily, LLC website: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/11/131125091525.htm
References
Paddock, C. (2013, December 23). Drug combo beats tumor defenses in pancreatic cancer. In Medical news today. Retrieved February 8, 2014, from MediLexicon International, Ltd. website: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/270586.php
What is immunotherapy. (2013, February 22). In American Cancer Society. Retrieved February 7, 2014, from American Cancer Society website: http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/treatment types/immunotherapy/immunotherapy-what-is-immunotherapy
